فصلنامه المپیک
سال بیست و یکم شماره 1 (پیاپی 61، بهار 1392)

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of 8 weeks exercise trainings on changes in fibrinogen, CRP, leukocytes and cardiovascular fitness in men inactive after leaving drug. For this reason, thirty men inactive after leaving drug were selected as subjects and they divided into two groups randomly including control (n=15) and exercise training (n=15) groups. The average age, height, weight, BMI and Vo2peak of the subjects were as follows: 28.90 years, 172.2 cm, 61.33 kg, 20.53 kg/m2 and 28.20ml/kg/ min, respectively. Exercise trainings were including walking and resistance training for eight weeks. Before and immediately after performing the exercise, were taken blood sample from the subjects. After 48 hours, vo2peak was measured on treadmill using by on-mil Rockport test. Data were analyzed using by paired t Test, ANCOVA for inferential analysis of data (P≤0.05). The result showed that 8 weeks of regular exercise training significantly reduce levels of fibrinogen, CRP and leukocytes (P<0.000). BMI and Vo2peak after 8 weeks of regular exercise significantly were increased (P<0.000). Overall, findings show that exercise training includes walking with 50-70 maximum heart rate and intensity 45-50% of 1RM will reduce risk factors in people who leave drugs are indicative of this development, physical health and reduce mortality in these individuals.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of time of day on plasma CRP and IL- levels after an exhaustive exercise in healthy female subjects. Forty-four female physical education college students (mean±SD: age 21.59±1.24 yrs, body mass index 21.11±2.7 kg/ m2) divided in 2 experimental and 2 control groups. Experimental groups performed the Bruce treadmill maximal test after 12 hours fasting in 8 AM and 6 Pm. Blood samples were collected from an antecubital vein before and immediately after the test. Data was analyzed by two way ANOVA test (P≤0.05). Two-way ANOVA revealed that afternoon exercise led to significantly reduce in CRP levels (P=0.008) and morning and afternoon exercise led to signifycantly reduce in IL-6 Levels (P≤0.05). It seems that afternoon high intensity exercise is better and more safe than morning high intensity exercise.

Integrins are cell surface receptors that play an important role in the transduction of cell signaling. β1 integrin respond to mechanical stress and stretch in the skeletal muscle and transfer mechanical signals inside and outside of the cell membrane. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training (RT) on β1 integrin protein content (BIPC) in Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) and Soleus muscles. 16 male Wistar rats (172.4 ± 7.7 gr) were used. Animals were randomly divided into two groups: Control and RT (n= 8 per group). The RT consisted of climbing a ladder carrying a load suspended from the tail. The load of training began with 30% of subject’s bodyweight and gradually increase to 200% at the end of 8 weeks (5 session/week). To investigate muscle samples, 48 hour after last training session, EDL and Soleus muscles removed immediately while animals were anesthetized. ELISA method used to measure the BIPC in muscles. To analyze data independent t-test was used. The result showed that the amount of β1 integrin in EDL muscle was significantly higher in RT than control group (P=0.017). While there was no significant different in Soleus muscle between groups (P= 0.368). Totally, our finding indicate that RT could be one of the important factors which increase the BIPC, but it seems that these changes depend on fast of slow muscle fiber types.

The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable, valid and specific agility test for freestyle wrestling. So 62 wrestlers participated in this research. 23 wrestlers of Tehran clubs was used for primary study and designing the agility test. 29 wrestlers from Tehran team selected as Tehran group (TG), that 10 of them which had Asian or world medal or had invited to Iran freestyle wrestling national team considered as elite group(EG), also 10 non elite wrestlers as non-elite group (NG) were used for validity and reliability of specific agility test. Wrestlers were tested three times on a specific reactive agility test (RAT) and twice on pre planed agility test (PPAT) and once on 4×9 test. Data analyze from TG used for reliability. For obtaining validity, EG results, was compared with NG. Statistical analyses revealed significant correlation between 4×9 and PPAT (0.75 and 0.70 respectively), between 2 times of PPAT (0.87) and between 2 series of RAT (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.884). Statistical analyses also showed significant difference between the EG and the NG (p < 0.05) in RAT time means. According to the results, PPAT was reliable and valid for change of direction in freestyle wrestling and moreover RAT was reliable and valid for agility in freestyle wrestling, and as it called here, TMUWAT (Tarbiat Moalem university wrestling agility test) and would be suggested for free style wrestlers.

Adiponectin and resistin are very important inflammatory factors in cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a course of aerobic training on adiponectin, resistin serum, and anthropometric factors in obese women. Twenty-eight obese female volunteered and were randomly divided into experimental (14 subjects with means of age 37.1 ± 4.9 years, weight 82 ± 10.2 kg, and BMI 34.2 ± 4.3 kg/m2) and control (14 subjects with means of age 37.5 ± 5.3 years, weight 79.9 ± 9.5 kg, and BMI 34 ± 3.9 kg/m2) groups. Aerobic training protocol consisted of 4 sessions per week for 9 weeks. Each training session was a slow running trial at intensity of 65 to 75 percent of maximal heart rate for a period of 15 minutes. To follow the principle of overload, half-a-minute was added to each session after the second week, so that, at the last session the running time reached to 31 minutes. Before and after the training period, blood samples were taken. Data were analyzed using independent T-Test and ANCOVA. Food-regimen questionnaire was analyzed using “Food PROCESSOR 2”. Significance level of tests was considered P<0.05. Results showed that there is no significant difference in serum levels of adiponectin and resistin between control and experimental groups (P>0.05). However, aerobic training significantly reduced body mass index, body weight, waist to hip ratio, and body fat percent, and significantly increased the lean body weight and maximum oxygen uptake(P<0.05). It can be said that 9 weeks of aerobic training has no significant effect on serum levels of adiponectin and resistin in the obese women. But, it may cause improvements in anthropometric factors of the subjects. However, to achieve more conclusive results, further investigation is warranted.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of lead, endurance running and curcumin antioxidant supplementation on some reproductive parameters in rats. 60 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups(10 rats/group): base, sham, lead, exercise + lead, curcumin + lead, exercise + curcumin + lead. The lead-treated and curcunin-treated group were exposed to lead acetate(20 mg/kg), curcumin (30 mg/kg) in peritoneally. The shamoperate group (sham); received water and ethyl oleate, in the same manner and for the same duration of time. aerobic training were performd for 8 weeks. Training protocol was performed, 5 days a week, with speed 15 to 22 meter per minute and duration of 25 to 64 minutes. Motility and morphological profile of sperm were assessed by standards methods. The testis and epididymal MDA were assessed by TBARS method. The data was analyzed using SPSS 16 statistical analysis software with α ≤ 0.05. results showed compared with other groups mean values of testis and epididymis lipid peroxidation was higher in lead-treated group but not significant. As well as lead administration was corrupted motility and morphology of sperm in lead-treated group, but intervention of endurance training and curcumin supplement have an ameliorating effect on this parameters. The results of this study shows that regular moderate endurance running and using curcumin supplement are suitable guideline to inhibit the negative effects of lead on reproductive system.

The goal of this study was: the designing the field test with validity and reliability to estimate aerobic power of the futsal players. The participation in this study was 14 persons from Hirsa team whom were present in women one group from country’s gyms. Their average age were about 21.5 + 4.22 years, height 159.64 + 4.17 cm, body mass 56.01 + 5.15kg, fats percent 22.79 + 4.32 % and BMI 21.99 + 2.08 kg/m2. First, several pre-study did to study intensity of test, the movement models in futsal and time of doing it. At least, the present test was built. Then maximum consumption of Vo2max with Gas analyzer (Criterion test) and distance from of designed field test was measured players Heart rate and lactates were measured after the both tests. The person correlation coefficient, paired t test and intra class correlation coefficient test was used to estimate data. the results showed that significant correlation within Vo2max after progressive laboratory test and distance from designed field test, heart rate after both tests and level blood lactate after 2minutewere measured. The result of paired t test showed that level blood lactate after 2minute had significant difference but heart rate after bothtests didn’t have any different. to review of reliability new test by ICC test for aerobic power index (distance) in two stage of test and re test showed high coefficient reliability. AS a result because of correlation the new test (FAST) with progressive laboratory test and high reliability can be used in study Vo2max in futsal women players.

Various researchers indicate that strength training induces inflammation, stress and cellular damage. However, effects of the progressive strength training program and oral ginger supplement on stress protein are not well known. The aim of this study was investigate effect of short-term ginger supplement on heat shock protein70kda (HSP72) and total protein (TP) following progressive strength training in volleyball trained men. Twenty subjects in a longitudinal design were divided randomly into two groups; the progressive strength training group (Experimental group) with and without ginger supplementation, and or the Placebo group. The experimental group orally received 3 capsules (each capsule contained 1000 mg) of ginger rhizome powder. Progressive strength training started their 1st set of 10 repetitions at 50% of 10 RM, the 2nd set of 10 at 75% of 10 RM, and the 3rd set of 10 at 10 RM. The placebo group performed their sets in similar method. Blood samples were collected at before, immediate and 24hr after progressive strength training.ANOVA in repeated measure showed progressive strength training in both the experimental and placebo groups resulted in a significant increase of the HSP72 and TP in immediate (P≤0.001, both) and 24hr after progressive strength training, as compared to baseline (resting) levels (P≤0.001, 0.019, respectively). Ginger supplementation, although cause attenuates the increasing levels in the aforesaid markers, there was no significant difference in the resting levels of the markers, as compared to before the ginger supplementation (P≤0.634, 0.862, respectively). These results demonstrate 7 consecutive days of the ginger supplementation in doses of 3 gr per day was not beneficial in inhibition cellular stress induced by the progressive strength training. However, further studies with longer periods of the ginger supplementation should be performed in order to identify the significant effect of nondrug intervention on stress proteins.