فصلنامه روش شناسی علوم انسانی
پیاپی 72 (پاییز 1391)

Controversy over the relation between religion and science in the Christian and secular west has a long history. After the domination of science and marginalization of religion in modern era, secular and materialistic thinking dominated on different dimensions of human life including the scientific worldview. This way of thinking about the world and life has led to various crises from which contemporary man suffers. According to some, modern science is developed in a materialistic environment and has no relevance to Islamic world view. Therefore, issues such as Islamizing sciences and producing religious sciences are raised. In this paper, on the basis of Islamic epistemological principles, the problem of conflict between science and religion and the proper way of encountering with modern sciences are dealt. The assumption is that modern science as long as it is supported by rational and justified criteria are accepted; however, we should distinguish between science and materialistic worldview and culture.

طIn the first part of this paper it has been shown that choosing a worldview has effects on the process of development and selection between competitive theories in science and also has practical consequences in the development and application of scientific theories. In the next part, the relation between two main combatant and influential worldviews, namely the theistic and naturalistic ones will be examined. In this part, by focusing on Plantinga’s and Golshani’s views it has been stressed that theism has scored more against naturalism in providing a foundation for explanation of our scientific inquiries and theories, and also in showing to be more compatible with existing accepted scientific theories. It will be concluded that not only theistic science, that is a science based on theistic worldview, is conceptually possible but also it is rational to be pursued and developed.

Today everybody is familiar with destroying consequences of modern science and technology, in addition to its achievements. Besides, domination and exclusive position of science in educational system and government organizations have marginalized alternative knowledge. Thus, some people found this trend dangerous for humankind’s fate and tried to change this situation. Nasr and Feyerabend are two philosophers that despite their different work area both criticize modern science and try to establish their own ideal scientific community.Nasr’s approach is regeneration of traditional science which was prevalent before modern age. Benefits of this science are in harmony with natural environment and it also meets human spiritual requirements.But Feyerabend believes that in an ideal society all ideologies involving science are equal. In this paper ideal scientific community from the viewpoints of Nasr and Feyerabend are compared and their assumptions, stimulus and consequences of their thoughts are analyzed.

Due to its practical nature defining the role of values in methodology of management studies as a social sciences discipline is of particular importance. Thus, it seems that exploring different aspects of this problem faces Islamic management researchers with a new research direction. The findings of this study, which was performed in an analytical – descriptive method, showed that in the first step of research, values assist social sciences researchers in the identification of problem, establishment of related intellectual framework and prioritizing different aspects of study. Also, because of the practical nature of management and the fact that managers could not be devoid of values, this scientific discipline has been more influenced by values. Moreover, there is plenty of evidence that assert the importance of the role of values ​​in management. Islamic values have been constructed in a systematic approach and hence, writer of this paper suggested that for strengthening their research capacity, Islamic management researchers should use these findings in order to provide the basis for emerging Islamic management theory in the light of a systematic study of values.

Van Frassen is a prominent contemporary philosopher of science and founder of the school of "constructive empiricism". Examining his theory is important especially with respect to the fact that he is one of the most important critics of the formalism in explanation. His theory is regarded as one of the most important unformalist theories in this regard. According to other theories explanation is a relation between two things: theory and fact; but according to him it is the relation between three things: theory, fact and context. In this essay, I will examine his theory..