فصلنامه دانش کشاورزی
سال هفدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 67، 1386)

Abutment as a hydraulic structure is used in river training, river bank protection and agricultural land conservationI.n spite of protectingr iver banks,a butmentm ay face with scourp henomenon due to flow concentrationp articularly at the abutmentn ose.I n order to investigatet he effect of contraction ratio, some experiments were conducted using short wing-wall abutments. The experimentsw ere carriedo ut in a clear-waterc onditiona t three different V/V" valnesn amely0. 9, 0.95a nd0. 98.T her esultss howedth atr elatived imensionosf scourh ole,i ncludingu pstreamle ngth, down streamle ngtha ndw idth of hole, decreaseadb out7, 36 and2 4 percentsw ith increasingc anal contraction, respectively. Maximum scour depth occuned at the contraction ratio of 0.16 and beyond this limit, there was a reduction of up to 21.5 percents at the maximum scour depth. Maximums cowd epthw asa lso3. 27t imeso f thea butmenlte ngth.T hereforei,t mayb e concluded thati n ordert o avoid contractione ffect in a model abtl/tnentt,h eL /W ratio shouldb e lesst han 0.16, otherwises courd epthd ecreaseisn respecto maximums courd epth.

Last studies showed that income fluctuations of pistachio producers are high and unpredictable.Thoses tudiesin dicatedt hat systemicr isk of pistachioy ield is low ands o insurancep lansa reu seful for reducing pistachio yield variability. But, there is no study with regard to measuring factors influenceo n willingnesst o participatein pistachioi nsurancep rogrami n Iran. In this study,u singa multi stager andoms amplingm ethoda nd interviewing3 00 lranianp istachiop roducerst,h e factors influence on participation in pistachio insurance progam was investigated. Logit model and analysiso f variancesw ere usedi n this way. The resultss howedt hat the factorss ucha s farmer's educationt,h e ageo f pistachiot rees,q uantity of consumedw ater and chemicalf ertilizer, farmer's debt,p istachioy ield, high risk aversiona ndr isk acceptancceo efficients,h avingi nformationa bout pistachioi nsurancep ilot program,a nd off-farm works have a negativee ffect on participationi n Pistachiof air insurance.I n contrast,p roducersa ge, low risk aversion,r isk acceptancea nd risk neutrality have positive influences on demand for fair insurance. At the end, some recommendationssu, cha s areay ield crop insurancer,e formingf arm credit sj,stem,e liminationo f premiums ubsidyw, erem adet o increasep istachiop roducersp' articipationin insurancep rogtam.

In this r#arch the possibility of applicationo f rock phosphatea long with Thiobacillusb acteria, -.. p. h-o.ppha.srgcl ubilizing microorganismso, rganic matter and sulfir on com was studied. This jlxperiment was carriedo ut as a randomizedc ompleteb lock designw ith 15 treatmentsa nd four replications in Karaj Soil and Water Research Station. The treatments consisted of: Tt= Control(withoupt hosphouroufse rtilizer);T z=Triples uperphospha(t2e0 0 kg har;; T3 = Rock phosphat(eR P)(400k g ha,r);T r=Rockp hosphat+e elementasl ulfir (S) (500k g har); Ts=T 4+ Thiobacilluisn oculan(tT hio)(1 kg hat); T6=T 5+p h6splnlss olubilingm icoroorganism(PsS M)(l kg hat);T 7=T5+o rganicm atter(OM) (500k g hat); Ts=T6+QpTt;e =T4+O M; Tro=T r+ PSM;T rr= Tro+OMT; u= TI+PSM;T r:=Tr+OM;T 1a=T13P+S Ma ndT rs=O M. At thee ndo f growingp eriod plantsw ereh arvesteadn dy ield,y ield components,o il availablep hosphoruasn dZ n, Fe,C u, Mn and P uptakeb y com werem easuredR. esultsin dicatedth at therew asnt significandt ifferences betweentr eatnentsfo r wet foragey ield.T heh ighesyt ield (76858k g harl waso btainedfr om Tr. Therew eres ignificantd ifferencesa mongt reatmentsfo r earw eight andl ength,a ndt he highest ear weighta nd lengthw ereo btainedfr om Trn Gl6. 46 gr and2 3 cm respectivelyT).h e highesat nd lowestc oncentratioonf phosphorouisn the com grainb elongedto Tu (which was significantly dilferentf romt hec ontrol)a ndT t4.r espectivelyT.h eh ighesct oncenlratioonf Fe waso btainedfr om Trz whichw aso nly significantlyd i{ferentf rom Tz, T: andT r The highesta mounto f manganese and cupperc oncentratiobne longedto Trs and T2 The highests oil availablep hosphorouws as obtainedfr omT ls (9.7m g.k a ').

Oilseedr apew ith springa ndf all typesa ndw ide adaptabilityto differentc limatess ucha st emperate and cold regionsc, an be usedt o expando ilseedsc ultivationi n Iran. Among new oilseedr ape genotypesw ide variability have beenr eportedi n seedy ield, yield componentso, il percenta nd growth charactersre latedt o productivity.T he genotypesin cluding greatern umberso f silique in plant, usually have higher seed yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate new oilseed rape genotypesb asedo n someg rowth charactersre latedt o productivity,s eedy ield, yield components ando il percentT. hes tudyw asb asedo n randomizecdo mpleteb olockd esignw ith 23 oilseedr ape genotypeisn four replicationsT. he experimenwt asc arriedo ut in Agricultural Researcha ndN atural ResourceCs entero f East Azarbaijan(46' and 2' 8,37' and 58" N) during 2003-4.R esults indicateds ignificantd ifferencesa moungg enotypesin rosetted iameter(at the time of reaching meana ir temperaturbee lowb aset emperatwe5,' C), siliquen umbersp erp lant,1 000s eedsw eight, seedy ield and oil per cent. Clustera nalysiso f genotypesb asedo n studiedt raits, resultedi n three groups.M odena,D exter, Syn-4 genotypesh ad higher amountso f seedy ield and oil percent,a nd werei n cludedin thes ameg roup.T heirs eedy ield were5 006,5 172a nd4 776K glhaa ndt heiro il percenwt ere4 8.5,4 7.5a nd4 6.5,r espectivelyIt. seemsth att heseg enotypecsa nb e usedt o extend oilseed rape cultivation in East Azarbaijan and similar areas.