نشریه سیاست دفاعی
پیاپی 91 (تابستان 1394)

After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the establishment of the Revolution’s Fundamental principles, the formation of a new front for those who seek justice with the centrality of the Jihadist thought of fighting oppression, and avoiding dominating and being dominated, a new serious threat has been created by the arrogant powers led by the United States against the Islamic Republic of Iran. This kind of threat is basically defined as an identity warfare fought between the two sides. Under the present circumstances, asking questions about threats is a basic element of the security studies conducted in any country including the Islamic Republic of Iran. New and different definitions have been proposed with a regard to the developments in the world and the complexity of the communities. This article sets out to explain the threats posed to the Islamic Revolution of Iran as viewed by its leaders by referring to the evolution of defining threat, its dimensions, and the ideas and thoughts expressed by both Imam Khomeini and the Supreme Leader, using data analysis method, library resources, and managerial and intellectual experiences. Considering the theoretical findings of the research and the theoretical stages of understanding threats in Islam and the West, there is an identity conflict between the righteous and the wicked in all intellectual and material areas with the centrality of Iran as the center of the resistance front and the wicked front represented by the United States. Further, it emphasizes the necessity of considering the new dimensions of the conflict between the two fronts based on the components of soft and semi-hard warfare by viewing the shift that has occurred in the direction of the threats from hard to semi-hard and soft threats.

There are two guidelines specified in the scientific works available in relation to the extremist Islamic threats in Pakistan posed to the IRI’s national security: Some have enumerated threats associated with ideological issues against the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran by pointing to the factors that contribute to the growth of the Islamic extremism in Pakistan, ignoring the role of the Islamic Revolution with regard to such threats. Some others have considered the threats posed by the Pakistani extremists as a response against the revisionist character of the Islamic Revolution, thereby using the competition between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the conservative regional and trans-regional countries as a frame of reference for judging the threats posed by the extremists, which has caused them to fail to observe the threats originating from identity-based problems. Examining the roots and the identity threats themselves, this research then tries to understand how the Islamic Revolution is associated with the ongoing threats. The findings of this research show although factors like poverty, political instability, and Saudi Arabia’s support to extremist groups play an increasingly important role in provoking Islamic extremism in Pakistan, but the Islamic Revolution itself has managed to convert these potential factors to actual ones. In brief, both factors have brought various security threats to bear on the Islamic Republic of Iran, which include Anti-Shiism, threats originating from drug trafficking, the provoked separatist groups and the strengthened Wahhabism in the Southeast of Iran, and finally the threat stemming from the probable coming to power of such groups in Pakistan, and their access to nuclear weapons.

After the collapse of Taliban government, in 2001bc, the new Afghani government and the United States began to cooperate to counter various security-military threats. Kabul Washington Security treaty, which is an extension of the strategic treaty signed in 2012, was signed recently by the two parties. The present article tries to study the security treaty between Afghanistan The question of this article is "What implications does the signing of the above-said security treaty will have for the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran?". The article concludes that the presence of the United States of America in Afghanistan will lead to a threatened national security for Iran, a limited scope for it to act in the region, and a limited access to the intended national interests especially in economic and commercial areas in Afghanistan.

When the Islamic Revolution take place, the bipolar system of theoism and humanism and Iran’s situation as a geo paradigm began serving as the center of a theoist (God-centered) world to let peoples free from the aliens’ effort to dominate them. The Islamic Republic of Iran is the only Islamic country in the world with a sovereignty system based on Wilayat al Faqih (Guardianship of the Jurist or Providence of the Jurist), which represents a geopolitical and Shiite location in the West of Asia. The present article plans to answer this question “Does Iran’s geopolitical location has the capability of providing the Shiites of the world with a political model?”. The method used in this research is descriptive-analytical with a developmental type. The findings of the research showed that the geopolitical factors like the Shiite population, the regional conditions and the status of power has an impact on the political model advocated by the Shiites, where the Islamic Republic of Iran has managed to expand its strategic depth worldwide by employing the strategies used in giving depth to Shiites. The type of the response to the Islamic Revolution of Iran shown by countries indicate a change in the Shiites’ behavior in the world where they have accepted the Islamic revolutionary regime as a political model, and that the geopolitics of the Islamic Republic of Iran is an influential and important factor that is capable of being copied as a political model by the Shiites of the world.

The Persian Gulf is one of the strategic and geopolitical regions in the world due to a few of its unique characteristics, including huge reserves of gas and oil, the existing commercial poles, the strategic and special waterway conditions. From the early 1970s so far, positive developments have taken place in developing the understanding and cooperation between the countries in the Persian Gulf region. To achieve a security convergence in this area, it is necessary to optimize the existing opportunities and employ détente means to counter the forthcoming challenges. In the event that such alliance takes place in the Persian Gulf, it will be up to the countries in the region, without interference from other countries, to preserve security and stability in the region. As one of the macro theories of international relations, structural realism emphasizes the element of structure and its impact in formulating the foreign policy on the part of political entities. In other words, it is the international system and structure that shapes the political relations occurring between the countries in the region of the Persian Gulf. The method used for writing this article is library-documentary data collection method in the descriptive-analytical form. This article tries to address the feasibility of creating multi-lateral security convergence from the perspective of structural realism.

Today, mobiles have become a parcel of people’s style of life. As a part of this process, technological advances have caused remarkable changes in human lives. These changes include the digital access to cultural products and services through the use of a mobile as a meta-media, which is of increasing importance due to the high rate of its use in Iran. What has made the activists and interest groups concerned in this case is the way contents provide security, and the developments it creates in the future that affects their life and survival. Since media security plays a great role in developing the contents and forming the public opinion and directing it, it plays also an effective role in improving the cultural security, and consequently the national security of any country. It follows that this article seeks to depict the probable futures of mobile as a meta-media and the importance of its contents in the Islamic Republic of Iran by using a qualitative method of exploration through employing the approach of futurology with emphasis on scenario writing in order to understand the logic of the future developments. In order to determine the future probable scenarios, two main axes of uncertainty were identified through analyzing the higher level documents, and four other scenarios were extracted using Idon method.

From 2011, Syria has become engaged in a civil crisis, which was compounded by interventions from regional and international actors, and the White House's announcement that Syria has used chemical weapons. It was then that the United States, as one of the intervening foreign powers, sanctioned Syria, and threatened to launch a military offensive against Syria. However, after a while the United States agreed with Russia’s plan providing for Syria to join the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction, during the process of which it played a fundamental role. Therefore, the main question of this research is “What effect has America’s performance in chemical disarming of Syria had on the understanding of the international regimes especially the chemical disarming regimes?” To answer this question, while explaining the theory of Neorealism, this article begins to explain how the United States acted in the Syrian crisis and the chemical disarming of Syria by using analytical-descriptive method and library sources, sites and other available sources as well as to analyze the United States’ objectives and intentions. Finally, it concludes that America’s effort to pursue the national objectives and support the Zionist regime in the crisis and the chemical disarming of Syria has improved the Neorealist approach to understanding the international regimes.