فهرست مطالب

Engineering - Volume:28 Issue: 7, July 2015

International Journal of Engineering
Volume:28 Issue: 7, July 2015

  • Transactions : A: Basics
  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/04/12
  • تعداد عناوین: 17
|
  • A. Toloei*, M. Abbaszadehtoori, M. Shayan Pages 964-969
    The purpose of this paper is to attitude estimation of Nano-satellite which requires navigation sensors data to less cost function and effection movement of Nano-satellite focus of the research is to using data of navigation sensors and methods to achieve the requirement of the attitude estimation. in this paper the following attitude estimation of the according to direction of sun of the Nano satellite, the navigation attitude sensors is built with gyroscope, magnetometer and sun sensor. Furthermore, the extended Kalman filter is used to combination of measurement data from gyroscope, magnetometer and sun sensor. This paper presents the methods and accuracy for estimation attitude of Nano-satellite missions according of developed extended quaternion estimation and nonlinear then combination by extended Kalman filter. This paper presents of the application of Nano-satellite to navigation sensors, which require accuracy are the methods to achieve the high accurate attitude estimation and fast starting of estimation. A part of methods was simulated by Matlab then investigated of result together.
    Keywords: Nano, satellite, Attitude Estimation, Gyroscopem, Magnetometer, Sun Sensor, EKF, Developed Extended Estimation Quaternion
  • F. Ardestani*, F. Rezvani, G. D. Najafpour Pages 970-977
    Cell growth and lactose consumption profile of five Lactobacilli: bulgaricus, casei, lactis, delbrueckii and fermentum were investigated. Cell growth and substrate utilization in a batch submerged culture of whey with added lactose were evaluated. Fitness assessment of experimental data on the cell growth and lactose consumption by Monod and Logistic kinetic models was performed using the curve-fitting tool in Matlab software. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus PTCC1737 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis PTCC 1743 didn’t fit with any of the two studied kinetic models. Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei PTCC1608 showed good consistency with Monod and not acceptable fitting with Logistic kinetic model. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii PTCC1333 and Lactobacillus fermentum PTCC1744 had acceptable consistency with both studied models. Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei PTCC1608 showed the most consistency following Monod equation with R2, μmax and Ks of 0.965, 0.435 h-1 and 27.05 g L-1, respectively. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii PTCC1333 (R2=0.926) had the most desired capability with Logistic equation with μmax and Xmax evaluated as 0.242 h-1 and 4.84 g L-1, respectively.
    Keywords: Batch Submerged Culture, Lactic Acid, Lactobacillus, Logistic Kinetic Model, Monod Kinetic Model
  • M. J. Hashemi, M. Jamshidi* Pages 978-983
    Polymer concrete (PC) is a composite material prepared by resin and aggregates. Advantages of polymer concretes include rapid curing, high flexural and compressive strengths, suitable chemical resistance and low permeability. In this research, a comparative study was performed on degradation of polyester resin concrete in different chemical solutions. Polymer concrete specimens were examined for flexural strength and flexural toughness after two and four months of exposure to the chemicals (i.e. sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfate, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, citric acid, demineralized water, potable water, potassium hydroxide, gas oil). Results showed that the highest decrease in flexural strength occurred in sodium hydroxide solution after two months of exposure. Comparing acid attack to the specimens it was found that citric acid as an organic acid, despite of higher pH, had the highest impact on flexural strength. The flexural strength of PC specimens decreased considerablly in all chemicals (except in gas oil). There was not significant difference between two and four months of exposuring, therefore, the main degrading processes start during the first 60 days of exposuring.
    Keywords: Polyester Resin, Polymer Concrete, Flexural Strength, Chemical Aggressive, Durability
  • M. K. Sharm*, V. P. Dhak Pages 984-994
    This article proposes offline language-free writer identification based on speeded-up robust features (SURF), going through training, enrollment, and identification stages. In all stages, an isotropic Box filter is first used to segment the handwritten text image into word regions (WRs). Then, the SURF descriptors (SUDs) of word region and the corresponding scales and orientations (SOs) are extracted. In the training stage, an SUD codebank is constructed by clustering the SUDs of training samples. In the enrollment stage, the SUDs of the input handwriting adopted to form an SUD signature (SUDS) by looking up the SUD codebank and the SOs are utilized to generate a scale and orientation histogram (HSO). In the identification stage, the SUDS and HSO of the input handwriting are extracted and matched with the enrolled ones for identification. Experimental results on eight public data sets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms.
    Keywords: Speeded, up Robust Features Descriptors, Codebank, Scale Orientation, Word Regions
  • K. Ramesh Kumar *, R. S. D. Wahida Banu Pages 995-1001
    Transparent All-Optical Networks carry huge traffic, and any link failure can cause the loss of gigabits of data; hence protection and its guarantee becomes necessary at the time of failure. Many protection schemes have been presented in the literature, but none speaks about protection guarantee. Also, in all optical networks, due to absence of regeneration capabilities, the physical layer impairments (PLI) accumulates along the lightpaths (LP) which causes sharp degradation of the Quality of Transmission (QoT), as measured by signal bit error rates (BER). The problem of protection with QoT issues has been rarely studied. In this work, a novel protection backup path ensured, QoT aware Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) algorithm called “Virtual Lit –Exhaustive Highest Q factor” (V-Lit EHQ) is presented which exhibits desirable qualities for reliable network operation. The results of the proposed work are compared with the standard QoT aware versions of the Shortest Path (SP)-First Fit (FF) schemes as well as with literature for both lit and dark protection. The blocking probability (BP) and BER are taken as the performance metric and the proposed algorithm found to be outperforming as evidenced through simulations.
    Keywords: Optical Networks, Protection, QoT, Routing, Wavelength Assignment, Physical Layer Impairments, Shortest Path, Blocking Probability, WDM Networks, Restoration, Bit Error Rate, India
  • T. Sattarpour*, D. Nazarpour Pages 1002-1010
    Many approaches have been applied to study the capacity of distributed generation (DG). One aspect missing from existing methods is the capability to efficiently adaptive power factor (APF) of DGs to power system problems. Hence, this paper proposes a methodology for simultaneous allocation of DGs and smart meters (SMs) in active distribution networks (ADNs) with adaptive power factor of DGs in order to minimize the cost of energy losses. Allocation of SMs in the promising (ADNs) would definitely affect the power system problems such as distributed generations (DGs) studies. SMs are taken into consideration for the sake of successful implementation of demand response programs (DRPs) such as direct load control (DLC) with end-side consumers. To overcome the minimum losses cost, the optimization procedure is tackled with genetic algorithm (GA) and tested thoroughly on IEEE 33-bus distribution test system. In this paper, a probabilistic load model is assumed instead of utilizing time-series based models. The results certify considerable effect of DRPs and APF mode in determining the optimal size and site of DGs to be connected in ADN resulting inthe lowest value of energy losses as well.
    Keywords: Active Distribution Network (ADN), Smart Meters (SMs), Adaptive Power Factor (APF), Distributed Generations (DGs), Optimal Siting, Sizing
  • M. H. Holakooie*, M. B. Banna Sharifian, M. R. Feyzi Pages 1011-1020
    This paper proposes a new sliding mode control (SMC) based model reference adaptive system (MRAS) for sensorless indirect field oriented control (IFOC) of a single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM). The operation of MRAS speed estimators dramatically depends on adaptation mechanism. Fixed-gain PI controller is conventionally used for this purpose which may fail to estimate the speed correctly in different condition such as variation in the machine parameters. In this paper, PI controller is replaced by SMC based adaptation mechanism. One of the major problems of SMC is highfrequency chattering due to switching control function. In order to alleviate this problem, a new switching control function is presented. The SMC parameters are tuned using an off-line method through chaotic optimization algorithm (COA) because no design criterion is given to provide these values. The operation of sliding mode MRAS speed estimators (SM-MRAS) is validated by numerical simulation especially at very low speed because this range of speed is very critical for estimators. The simulation results confirm the efficiency of proposed adaptation mechanism.
    Keywords: Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC), Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS), Sensorless, Sliding Mode Control (SMC), Single, Sided Linear Induction Motor (SLIM)
  • A. Ashuri, A. Amiri* Pages 1021-1030
    Change point estimation in the area of statistical process control has received considerable attentions. The assumption of uncorrelated observations is unrealistic in many cases. However, less attention has been given to change point estimation in autocorrelated processes. Among the autocorrelated processes, count data are most widely used in real-world. Different applications of count data are discussed by many researchers such as syndromic surveillance data in healthcare, accident monitoring systems and multi-item pricing models in management science. Poisson distribution for count processes and the first-order integer-valued autoregressive (INAR (1)) model are considered in this paper. We use a combined EWMA and C control chart to monitor the process. We propose change point estimators for the rate and dependence parameters with linear trend under different magnitudes of shifts. For this purpose, Newton’s method is used to estimate the paramaters of the process after the change. Then, we develop the maximum likelihood estimators to estimate the real time of change in the parameters. The accuracy and prescision of the proposed MLE estimators are evaluated through simulation studies. In addition, the performance of the proposed estimators is compared with the ones proposed for step change under linear drift. The simulation results confirm that the change point estimators are effective in identifying linear trend in the process parameters. Finally, application of the proposed change point estimators is illustrated through an IP counts data real case.
    Keywords: INAR (1) Model, Linear Trend, Maximum Likelihood Estimators, IP Counts Data
  • P. Fattahi*, V. Azizi, M.Jabbari Pages 1031-1039
    In this paper, a flowshop scheduling problem is studied. The importance of this study is that it considers different constraints simultaneously. These constraints are Lot Streaming, Position based learning factors, sequence dependent setup times and the fact that the flowshop line is no-wait. Lot streaming divide the lots of products into portions called sublots in order to reduce the lead times and work-in-process, and increase the machine utilization rates. The objective is to minimize the makespan. To clarify the system, mathematical model of the problemis presented. Since the problemis strongly NP-hard, two hybrid metaheuristics algorithms are proposed to solve the problem. These algorithms are based on the Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS), which is proved as an effective method for combinatorial optimization problems. In the proposed VNS, an efficient scheme for neighborhood search based on Tabu Search (TS) and Simulated Annealing (SA) is presented to strengthen the local searches. At the last part, computation results are provided to evaluate the efficiency of VNSSA and VNSTS. In order to verify the effectiveness of proposed algorithms, Relative percentage Deviation along with statistical analysis is presented.The computational results show that VNSSA outperforms VNSTS in most instances.
    Keywords: No, wait Flowshop, Lot Streaming, Sequence dependent Setup Times, Variable Neighborhood Search, Tabu Search, Simulated Annealing
  • M. Kabiri Naeini*, Owlia Fallahnezhad Pages 1040-1048

    Control chart pattern (CCP) recognition techniques are widely used to identify the potential process problems in modern industries. Recently, artificial neural network (ANN) –based techniques are very popular to recognize CCPs. However, finding the suitable architecture of an ANN-based CCP recognizer and its training process are time consuming and tedious. In addition, because of the black box nature, the outputs of the ANN-based CCP recognizer are not interpretable. To facilitate the research gap, this paper presents a statistical decision making approach to recognize and classify the patterns of control charts. In this method, by taking new observations from the process, the Maximum Likelihood Estimators of pattern parameters are first obtained and then in an iterative approach based on the Bayesian rule, the beliefs, that each pattern exists in the control chart, are updated. Finally, when one of the updated beliefs becomes greater than a predetermined threshold, a pattern recognition signal is issued. Simulation study is performed based on moving window recognition approach, and the accuracy and speed of method is evaluated and compared with the ones from some ANN-based methods. The results show that the proposed method has more accurate interpretable results without training requirement.

    Keywords: Statistical Process Control, Control Chart, Pattern Recognition, Bayes Rule, Maximum Likelihood Estimation
  • S. A. S. Rezazad, M. Aminnayeri *, H. Karimi Pages 1049-1058
    In this paper an uncapacitated multiple allocation p-hub median problem is discussed. The model minimizes the transportation cost based on inventory service level at hubs through double paths between hubs. Inventory service level is defined as the percent of inventory shortage of vehicles at hubs according to passengers demand and replenishment time of vehicles. A real data from 25 nodes of municipality district 14 of Tehran is used to evaluate the performance of inventory service level in hub networks.
    Keywords: Hub Location Allocation, Inventory Service Level, Congestion, Double Path Approach
  • F. Vakilian, A. Amiri*, F. Sogandi Pages 1059-1067
    Sometimes the relationship between dependent and explanatory variable(s) known as profile is monitored. Simple linear profiles among the other types of profiles have been more considered due to their applications especially in calibration. There are some studies on the monitoring them when the observations within each profile are autocorrelated. On the other hand, estimating the change point leads to meet great saving time and costs. Hence, in this paper, a maximum likelihood estimator is derived for simple linear profiles with first order autoregressive autocorrelation structure within each profile to estimate isotonic change point. The performance of the proposed estimator is appraised and compared to estimators that derived under step change and drift and a confidence set estimator presented. The results demonstrate that the proposed estimator has better performance in small and medium shifts whereas the performance of their corresponding estimators becomes better than the proposed estimator in large shifts. It is worth mentioning that knowing type of the change is not important in the proposed estimator and its only assumption is belonging of the change type to a family of isotonic shifts. Finally, the performance of the estimator is illustrated through a real case.
    Keywords: Simple Linear Profile_Isotonic Shift_Change Point Estimation_AR(1) Models_Phase II_Hoteling T Control Chart
  • L. Bakhtiari*, H. R. Rezaie, J. Javadpour, M. Erfan, M. A. Shokrgozar Pages 1068-1073
    Mesoporous hydroxyapatites were syntesized by self-assembly method using Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as cationic surfactant and 1-dodecanethiol as pore expander with pore expander/surfactant mass ratio of 4.22 and synthesis temperature of 80 °C at different micellization pH values. The field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, pore size distribution plot (Barrettt, Joyner, and Halenda (BJH) method), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and low-angle X-ray diffraction (LA-XRD) results beside the titration investigation of 1 dodecanethiol revealed that ionizied 1-dodecanethiol concentration ([RS-]) increased exponentially by changes in pH. The micellization pH has a key role in physico-chemical characteristics of samples. Increase in pH can change the ionization degree of 1-didecanethiol and swell the micelle and also lead to larger pores (pore diameter of 2.93 in lower pH and 24.48 in higher pH). Changes in the micellization pH also affect the dielectric constant of water and lead to variation in patricle size.
    Keywords: Mesoporous, Hydroxy Appatite, Micellization pH, Sphere, like
  • S. Kalidass*, T. Mathavaraj Ravikumar Pages 1074-1081
    In the present study, attempt has been made to experimentally investigate the effects of cutting parameters on cutting force in end milling of AISI 304 steel with solid carbide tools. Experiments were conducted based on four factors and five level central composite rotatable design. Mathematical model was developed to predict the cutting forces in terms of cutting parameters such as helix angle of cutting tool, spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut. Response surface methodology was employed to create a mathematical model and the adequacy of the model was verified using analysis of variance. The direct and interaction effect of the process parameters with cross feed forces were analysed, which helped to select cutting parameters in order to keep cutting forces at minimum, which ensures the stability of end milling process.
    Keywords: Logistic Network, End Milling, Helix Angle, Cutting force, AISI 304 Steel, Solid Carbide Tools
  • U. S. Rana, Robin* Pages 1082-1089
    In the present paper, damped vibrations of non-homogeneous infinite rectangular plate of parabolically varying thickness resting on elastic foundation has been studied. Following Lévy approach, the equation of motion of plate of varying thickness in one direction is solved by quintic spline method. The effect of damping, elastic foundation and taperness is discussed with permissible range of parameters. The frequency parameter Ω decreases as damping parameter Dk increases and it decreases faster in clamped-simply supported as compared to clamped-clamped boundary conditions. It was also observed that in the presence of damping parameter Dk the frequency parameter Ω decreases continuously with increasing value of taper parameter for both the boundary conditions but variations were found in the absence of damping parameter.
    Keywords: Taperness, Elastic Foundation, Damping, Isotropic
  • B. Li*, Y. Wang, H. Li, H. You Pages 1090-1098
    The mechanistic force models were introduced in high accuracy force predictions for most applications. Experiment was made for the milling of titanium alloy by coated cemented carbide cutting tool. Based on the cutting force theory, test results and finite element method, we can get the expression of resultant cutting force accurately, which can be developed to a big cutting database. According to the analysis, the maximum deformation and effective stress showed an increasing trend for the machining with end-milling cutting tool. A reasonable set of milling parameters for the machining of titanium alloy by coated cemented carbide cutting tool was obtained by analyzing the cutting efficiency in relation to cutting force of the tools. It is expected that this study would provide a fundamental basis for the optimization of the cutting parameters for titanium alloy.
    Keywords: Finite Element Modeling, End, milling, Cutting Force, Simulation
  • M. Venkatesan*, N. Shenbaga Vinayaga Moorthi, R. Karthikeyan, A. Manivannan, V.C.Sathish Gandhi Pages 1099-1107
    The present work investigates the performance and emission characteristics of hydrous methanol fuelled Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine. In the present work, a regular diesel engine has been modified to work as HCCI engine. Hydrous methanol is used with 15% water content in this HCCI engine and its performance and emission behavior is documented. A spark plug is used for assisting auto-ignition. The spark timings are changed in steps of 3 degrees and the suitable timing that offers better phasing is called optimum spark timing. From the investigation, it is found that the hydrous methanol suits perfectly with HCCI engine and the water content present in the hydrous methanol helps to phase the combustion perfectly and to change the rate of combustion. The investigation also proves that the hydrous methanol operation reduces NO and smoke to extremely low level which is not possible by the direct injection CI engine. The water content present in the hydrous methanol helpes to control the timing of auto ignition and to run HCCI engine smoothly. Therefore, it is beneficial to use hydrous methanol in internal combustion engines.
    Keywords: Hydrous Methanol, HCCI, Spark Assisted Performance, Emission, Combustion