Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery
Volume:24 Issue: 3, 2014

The motor prognosis of children with motor skills disorders is a major issue for their parents and the health professionals involved in their management. Prediction of prognosis in infancy is very difficult. Available and simple tests which can examine prognosis are Bleck infant’s reflexes and motor quotient of Capute. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Bleck and Capute tests for determination of motor status of children with motor skills disorders. In this cross - sectional study, the sample consisted of 40 infants under 2 years of age with motor disorders who referred to occupational therapy clinics of Tehran University of Medical Sciences from 2011 to 2012. The infants were evaluated with Bleck and Capute tests. In Bleck scale, primitive reflexes were evaluated. Capute scale is based on motor quotient. The relationship between these tests was examined using Chi-Square and Kruscal Wallis tests. In this study 40 infant (15 girls and 25 boys) with mean age of 15.43 months participated. Mean score of Capute scale was 38.80 ± 19.29 and 7.7% of infants were classified as good prognosis, 15.4% as guarded prognosis and 76.9% in poor prognosis. Based on Bleck Scale 17.5% of infants were in good prognosis category, 42.5% in guarded prognosis and 40% in poor prognosis. There was no significant correlation between Bleck and Capute tests. Although infant reflexes affect motor milestones and eventually determination of motor prognosis, but in this study there was no significant relationship between Bleck infant’s reflexes and motor quotient of Capute. Therefore it seems that these scales are not alone capable of predicting child's motor status and should be used together.

Cardiac surgery is one of the common therapeutic interventions in patients with coronary artery disease. However, this therapeutic method has various complications during and after surgical operation. The most frequent complication after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is the postoperative bleeding which is considered as a major problem. This study aims to determine the amount of chest drainage and its related factors in patients undergoing CABG. This descriptive cross – sectional study was conducted on 288 CABG patients admitted to intensive care units in Rasht city who were chosen by gradual sampling method. Data was collected through a three part researcher made questionnaire including demographics, history of previous diseases and current status and related information on cardio–pulmonary pump and rate of chest tube drainage obtained through patients’ medical records. Data was analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (Chi square, Fisher test and logistic regression). According to the research findings, 38% of CABG patients had chest drainage above the normal range; in the left drain (27.1%), more than right drain (18.1%), and mid drain (25.3%). The minimum amount of drainage in 96.2% of patients was observed at the time of admission and maximum amount in 38.2% patients was observed at fourth hour after admission to the ICU. Using Logistic regression model, a statistically significant relationship was indicated between increasing trend of post- operative chest drainage and duration of heart disease, number of performed artery grafts and duration of connection to ventilator (p=0.003). As the first step to resolve patients’ issues is stemming complications, this research can provide important information for the health care team to control complications such as hemorrhage and its related factors by implementing necessary treatment cares to prevent serious complications and improve patients quality of care.

Statistical indicators represent the beginning of the aging population in our country. Risk of cancer increases with age seriously increases, so one of the important causes of cancer death in the elderly is. One of the most effective ways to reduce the death rate from cancer is early detection of cancer. Therefore screening tests in the medical world has been very important. This study aimed to assess the level of screening examinations in elderly people admitted to hospitals in Zahedan. This study is a descriptive-correlation research. The study population included 300 elderly people admitted to a hospital in Zahedan, who were chosen by available sampling method. A two part researcher made questionnaire was used covering socio-demographics, history of illness and general screening was used after determining its validity and reliability (test-retest method). Data were collected through interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage). From 300 elderly subjects, 54% were male and 46% female with an average age of 68.8±5.7; 69.7% married, 69.3% urban and 70% were illiterate. The most common causes of hospitalization included cardiovascular disease 23.3%, respiratory 16.7% and gastrointestinal 13.7%. 78.7% and 68.7% of elderly population studied did not have screening examinations and general examinations respectively. 21 percent of elderly men had prostate exam and 8.1% had rectal exam. 8.7% of elderly women had mammography and 1.4% had a pap smear done. The screening examinations and general examinations in the elderly studied were very low. Considering the role of screening examinations in reducing infection and degree of severity of cancer at diagnosis and planning for the screening examination is critical.

Organizational climate has a major influence on employee behavior and health care centers have particular organizational climate which its improvement could promote civil behavior. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of perceptions of organizational climate on organizational civil behavior. The research is based on correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM). Study variables include cooperative and creative organizational climate and civil behaviors. Statistical population consisted of nurses of Nowshahr province in 2012 from which 160 nurses were selected by convenience sampling method from governmental hospitals and private clinics. Data were collected using a 29 item questionnaire on organizational climate, and civil behaviors. Data analysis was conducted based on structural equation test. According to the results of structural equation test, cooperative climate had increased impact of 0.75 and in relation to innovative climate with impact 0.49 on civil behavior. In terms of impact on civil behavior, cooperative aspects had more impact on all dimensions of civil behavior than innovative climate but these two climates are different as regard to effect on civil organizational dimensions. Cooperative climate with coefficient of 0.72 had the greatest impact on social mores and with coefficient of 0.55 had the least impact on work conscience. But innovative climate similar to cooperative climate had the most effect with coefficient of 0.54 on social mores, but the least on chivalry with coefficient of 0.32. With establishment of a positive working environment, perceived OCB can be improved through organizational climate. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the organizational climate and those involved in collaborative activities can help colleagues to better perform tasks and motivate them for more efforts and when organization offers innovative climate, employees can easily get innovative and flourish and improve.

Family is a social system in which disorder in one member can disrupt the entire family system. Proper understanding of family problems of mentally retarded children teaches children, their families and professionals working with them to alter their attitudes toward proper education and development planning. Aim of this study is to determine problems of families’ with mentally retarded children under protection of welfare centers. In this cross - sectional study 140 parents of children with mental retardation of welfare centers in Gilan province were studied in 2009-2010. Instruments used included a researcher made questionnaire covering socio-demographics and problems (in two domains of social and emotional difficulties) of families with mentally retarded children. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Chi-square and Fisher's exact test). The findings showed that 53.6% of study units had social problems and 57.9% had emotional problems. There was a significant relationship between social problems and child's sex (P=0.006), child’s abnormal behavior (P=0.009), relation of primary caregiver to child (P=0.003), marital status of primary caregiver (P<0.001) mother's job (P=0.03), family income (P=0.004) and the consultative resource of problems (P<0.0001). There was a significant relationship between emotional problems and child’s gender (P<0.0001), child’s retardation (P=0.006), child’s level of independence (P=0.005), child’s abnormal behavior (P<0.001), mother’s job (P=0.003), father’s physical illnesses (P<0.0001), number of family members (P=0.006), family income (P=0.01) and consultative resource in time of problem (P<0.001). Since study results indicated that the majority of study cases suffered social and emotional problems, therefore it seems that a multidisciplinary protection is needed to decrease problems of families with mentally retarded children.

Postoperative pain relief in addicted patients compared with non-addicted patients is often more challenging and they usually suffer from inadequate postoperative pain relief. The purpose of this study was to compare satisfaction with postoperative pain management in addicted and non-addicted patients and level of pain interference with their functions. In this analytic cross sectional study, 105 addicted and 105 non addicted patients admitted to the surgical ward of Saveh Modares hospital in 2012 were selected. Two study groups were compared as regard to intensity of pain, satisfaction with postoperative pain management and level of pain interference with functions. Data collection instrument included a 4 section questionnaire that the first part covered patient's demographics, second part contained universal pain assessment tool, the third part included items on level of pain interference with their functions (usual functions, walking, emotions, sleep and relations with others) and fourth part was related to assessment of satisfaction with post-operative pain. Questionnaire was used after determining its validity and reliability. The data were statistically analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics and Pearson corelational T test and chi square test analytic. The majority of subjects (57.14%) in addicted group were dissatisfied from pain control after surgery, while 14.28 percent of non-addicted patients were dissatisfied with pain control post-operatively and this difference was significant (P=0.001). The results showed that postoperative pain interfered with functions in the areas of mood, sleep and relationships with others which was significantly different between two groups (P=0.01). The results indicated that special attention should be paid to concept of pain relief in addicted patients, especially acute pain such as pain after surgery and their rights as patients must be considered and respected.

Gestational diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common disorder that without screening may remain undiagnosed. Screening for GDM is still a matter of dispute and there is no consensus as yet regarding the screening of GDM. Present study aimed to determine prevalence of GDM and assessment for risk factors in screening of pregnant women. In this cross sectional study medical records of 2014 pregnant women who referred to health centers of Esfahan in 2011 were examined. Samples were chosen by cluster sampling method. One hour GCT (Glucose Challenge test) was done for samples during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy through general screening and in cases of blood sugar higher than 140 mg/dl, gestational diabetes was confirmed by 100g OCTT (Glucose Tolerance Test). Data obtained was analyzed using Fisher exact test and multiple logistic regression and depended t. From 2014 pregnant women who were screened, 77 were diagnosed with GDM. Therefore its prevalence was 3.8%. 332 cases (16.5) had no risk factors and only one case had GDM. Thus its prevalence in cases with less risk was 0.3%. In attention to high prevalence of GDM in overall study samples and its low prevalence in low risk women, selective screening based on risk factors can detect most cases of GDM.

Commitment to the ethics of caring in nursing profession is the center of nursing values and it necessitates honesty as its fundamental element. Nursing students’ dishonesty in classroom and clinical situations has the potential to jeopardize nursing practice. Academic misconduct contributes to inaccurate evaluations of nursing students’ knowledge level. Neutralization behaviors are techniques that protect the individual from self-blame. Some faculties use nursing code of ethics to prevent academic dishonesty. This study aims to determine nursing student’s views on academic dishonesty, neutralization behaviors, code of ethics and commitment to the ethics of caring in nursing students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2012. In this cross-sectional study, 193 nursing students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences were chosen by census method and data were collected by a three part questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation, Independent t-test and back ward regression test to determine the relation between dependent and independent variables and effective predictors of commitment to ethics of caring in nursing students. Findings of this study revealed that most study respondents were unaware of nursing codes of ethics (79.8%). The results indicated that women have more positive attitude toward nursing code of ethics (p= 0.002) and commitment to ethics of caring (p=0.004) but they have more negative attitude toward neutralization behavior (p=0.001) and academic dishonesty (p=0.007). Multiple regression test showed that attitude toward nursing code of ethic made the strongest unique contribu-tion to predicting a commitment to ethic of caring within the nursing profession (β=0.666, p=0.0001). Attitude toward nursing codes of ethics is the strongest predictor for commitment to ethic of caring therefore teaching students these codes can have an important role in providing ethical care to patients.

One of the most important problems in our educational system is the usage of traditional strategies in teaching English Language at schools and universities. The undesired educational quality and uninterested students to learn is due to teachers’ lack of knowledge regarding proper reading and comprehension teaching methods. The process-based teaching strategies such as task-based method are an acceptable approach for solving problems and inefficiency of the traditional methods of teaching English language. The present study evaluated the effect of task-based teaching on improving English reading and comprehension skills in midwifery students. In this single blind field trial study, 49 midwifery students (mean age 19±1) were classified into two groups: case group (24) and control group (25). Intervention group was educated through the task-based method and the controls through traditional (grammar translation) method for a semester. Both groups underwent pre and post exams. Data was statistically analyzed by SPSS software version 18. Paired t-test, t-test and chi square test were used for data analysis. There was a significant relationship between students’ score in case group before (I6.16±1.54) and after (16.38 ± 1.75) intervention (p=0.0001). Similar significant difference was shown between scores of control group before (6.02 ± 1.97) and after (12.98 ± 1.91) teaching by traditional method (p = 0.0001). However, the improvement in the scores was significantly higher in the case group. Previous participation in English language courses improved exam scores in both groups (p=0.0001). In attention to positive effect of task based teaching method comparing traditional method on midwifery students’ reading and comprehension skills, it is suggested that teachers should use process based methods such as homework based method in teaching English language.