Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery
Volume:26 Issue: 1, 2016

Teenagers (especially girls) who are going through puberty are among vulnerable populations whose sexual needs receive little attention. This study aimed to determine educational needs of 11-14 year old girls on sexual health in Dezful. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 810 middle school girls aging 11 to 14 in Dezful city in 2012. Samples were selected by cluster sampling method. Data collection instrument was a researcher made questionnaire including 14 questions on demographic data and 46 questions on 4 domains of puberty, menstruation, sex relationship and reproduction using articles and resource reviews.Descriptive statistics and Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis test were used for quantitative and qualitative data analysis. ­­The knowledge of girls on puberty, menstruation and reproductive was weak. Need to get information on puberty health (underwear wash with soap, shaving) and menstruation (age of menarche, menstruation blood source, dysmenorrhea) was 95/7% and 97/5% respectively. The most important source of information on puberty (51/1), menstruation (54/2%) mother, sexual activity (42/5%) friends and reproduction (32/1%) was sister. There was a significant correlation between mother's education level and need to obtain information on puberty, menstruation and reproduction using Chi-square test (P<0/05). In attention to the need for samples to receive information on sexual health and the role of mothers as the most important source of information to girls, people based training approaches (family education through health volunteers) is the best solution.

Young people worldwide are considered as the major group at risk of AIDS. Education and prevention is the primary priority of health care for control of AIDS The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge and attitude of students in Qom non-medical universities on AIDS This study was conducted in 2012. This was a descriptive analytical study and samples included 588 students from non-medical universities in Qom city who were selected by convenient sampling method. The self-administrated questionnaire included a demographic questionnaire and Iranian- version of international questionnaire on AIDS. Data were analyzed using statistical tests including Kruscal - Wallis, Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA and Spearman correlations Findings revealed that majority (76%) of subjects were female. 28.2% of samples received their knowledge about AIDS and its prevention ways from radio and television, 1.4% from friends and 2.6 from university sources. The mean scores of domains included transmission myths (28.34±4.73), attitudes or prejudices about AIDS patients (19.75±3.72), personal risk (10.19±2.28), facts on AIDS transmission (12±3.41) and total score (70.04±8.77). Study results indicated that girls had more knowledge and better attitude about people with HIV/ AIDS than boys (p<0.0001). Although study findings indicated that students had almost high level of knowledge and attitude in relation to HIV/AIDS but this level of knowledge is not sufficient and students need developed educational programs.

The most essential part of any training program is evaluation, because by doing so, the shortcomings of the program can be realized and dealt with. Clinical evaluation of students is one of the fundamental challenges in clinical nursing education. Nowadays, self-evaluation is proposed as a useful method along with student evaluation by teacher. This study was performed to determine the agreement between self and clinical teacher evaluation of nursing students’ clinical skills. In this descriptive cross -sectional study, 79 nursing students from of two to eight semester were chosen by stratified systematic random sampling method. At the end of the training, students’ clinical skills were evaluated by themselves and clinical teachers. The data gathering instruments were evaluation forms used in college of nursing. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Variance analysis, Spearman correlation and inner group correlation square) were used for data analysis. Based on study results, there was no significant difference between self and clinical teachers’ evaluation in general and specific-general items. Also a high agreement and correlation were found between two assessment methods (P=0.0001, ICC= 0.916). According to significant correlation between two different methods of assessment, it is suggested to increase the accuracy of clinical assessment scores and student satisfaction, self-assessment be used in addition to clinical teacher assessment. Perhaps this method may promote clinical evaluation methods.

Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic and autoimmune disease. Muscle weakness and fatigue leads to decreased functional capacities and diminished quality of life in Multiple Sclerosis patients The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercises on fatigue and quality of life in women with Multiple Sclerosis Fifteen women with Multiple Sclerosis (aged 33.68±8.22 years) and Expanded Disability StatusScale < 4 participated in this study. Subjects were randomly divided to experimental (8 patients) and control group (7 patients). The experiment group went through Modified Fatigue Impact Scale-5 aerobic activity for 8 weeks, 3 days/week, 20-40 min/day, with 60-80% of maximum Heart Rate on treadmill. Modified Fatigue Impact Scale-5 questionnaire on fatigue and quality of life (SF-36) and additionally, walking endurance of subjects were measured before and after program in both experimental and control groups Data analysis showed that the aerobic exercise led to improvement of quality of life in MS patients (P=0.001). Therefore, the exercise program led to a significant decrease in fatigue in experimental group (P=0.001); while fatigue increased in control group. Additionally, after the 8-week aerobic activity, walking endurance increased significantly in experimental group (P=0.000); and decreased significantly in control group (P=0.04). Considering study results, it can be stated that aerobic exercises may increase walking endurance and improvement of quality of life of Multiple Sclerosis patients and decrease fatigue.

In the first 6 months of life, infant growth had maximum of its speed but abnormality growth may reflect on a chronic disease, inadequate nutrition or may be depend on another complications such as dietary, psychosocial development The goal of this study was to investigate relationship of In-Arms holding a baby during breast feeding and growth rate in Kashan health centers This study was a descriptive correlational design. 94 mothers entered in study who reffered to Kashan health center. A questionnaire developed by the researcher was tool that was completed by interview. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical tests (t-test, Pearson, chi-square testMean maternal age was 27.980 (6.836±). The mean birth weight was 3272.5 (427.133±), mean of height 49.280(3.022±) and mean of head circumference was 34.928(2.371±). Time of infant In-Arms Holding by mother was between zero to five hours a day and average time was 4/55 (845/0 ±). Time of In-Arms Holding for other family members and relations was 1 to 5 hours and mean time of In-Arms Holding was 4/910 (223/1 ±). T-test showed that there arent significant relationship between In-Arms Holding baby by the mother and friends and indices of growth in 2, 4 and 6 months(p>0.05). in this study relationship between skin to skin contacts of neonatal growth rate was irrelevant, but due to conflicting results on similar studies, interventional studies with the higher sample size are recommended.

In today’s world obesity has increasing prevalence and its prevalence in menopausal women is more than men. Menopause is the sign of elderly and it’s a biologic and inevitable milestone with noticeable effect on quality of life and knowing the effective factors on quality of life is very important issues in menopausal women’s life The present study aimed to determine the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Quality Of Life (QOL) of menopausal women in Neyshabur city This descriptive co relational study was conducted on 375 women aging 40-65years from Neyshabur city in 2010 who were chosen by random multiple stage method and had no history of hysterectomy, oophorectomy or hormone replacement therapy. Data were gathered by demographic and the Menopausal Quality Of Life (MQOL) questionnaires in health centers and Mosques. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation, Chi-square, t-test and linear regression statistical testsThe mean age of the 375 participants was 55.4±5 year. The Pearson correlation coefficient revealed no significant relation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and menopausal quality of life (P=0.998). Pearson correlation coefficient showed significant relationship between variables of age and exercise and menopausal women’s Quality Of Life (QOL) (p=0.0029, p=0.002 respectively). Also based on linear regression relation existed between age, marital status, smoking, exercise and residency and menopausal women’s Quality Of Life (QOL) Study results indicated no relation between Quality Of Life (QOL) and menopausal women’s Quality Of Life (QOL) and. Quality of life improved in women who exercised.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is one of important factors of morbidity and mortality in critical care units, associated with hospitalization day’s and increased cost of treatment. Thus prevention through identifying related factors must be highly recommended This study is conducted by the aim of determining the nurses understanding of physician-nurse relationship with Ventilator – associated pneumonia reports in critical care units of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional –analytic study conducted by selecting 101 nurses from 7 critical care units of Guilan province with determined characters by census method. Data were gathered by a 3-part tool consisting demographic data and ventilator associated pneumonia recording data for 3 months before sampling and standard Practice Environment Scale of the Nurses Work Index (physician-nurse relationship) by interview. Mean of reported pneumonia frequency classified in 3 groups of none, 1-5 cases and more than 5 cases. Mean of physician-nurse relationship classified in 2 groups of desirable and undesirable. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytic tests (chi-square).The findings showed that majority of samples (62/7%) 1-5 were related to ventilator associated pneumonia. This variable had significant relation with years of employments in samples (p=0.004). Mean score of 72.5 percent of samples in physician-nurse relationship was in favorable level with no significant relationship with personal variables exept the nurses` employment status (p=0.035). Finally, χ2 statistical test showed significant relationship between favorable perceived physician – nurse communication and lower Ventilator-associated pneumonia (p=0.01). Significant relation between ventilator associated pneumonia and physician-nurse communication in this survey indicated that possibility of prevention of pneumonia by improving nurse-physicians relationship and collaboration quality.

Health Education is the first and most important step in health care. Therefore it is necessary to pay more attention to personnel education. The goal of study was to compare effect of distance education on knowledge of Behvarz and other health team members regarding primary health care. In this quasi-experimental study, 185 employed personnel at health centers in Kashan University of Medical Sciences participated. Educational booklet was sent to the health centers and samples took an exam after two months. Data were gathered by a 90 question researcher made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired T-test. The highest percentage of correct responses by Behvarz was related to drug need estimation in the health house (5.59±0.34), by technicians and experts of anti-illness (4.55±0.223), and family health experts and technicians and midwives (4.48±0.221). The lowest percentage of correct answers was too related to physical activity pyramid in technicians and experts of anti-illness (2.35±0.342), familiarity with figures by family health experts and technicians and midwives (3.1±0.35) and physical activity pyramid by Behvarz (2.78±0.23). In attention to study findings, there were no significant differences between the knowledge of study groups (technicians and experts of anti-illness, technician and family health expert, and midwives and Behvarz). Due to the lack of significant differences between knowledge level of Behvarz and other health team members in most comparisons, educational programs in PHC for health professionals to increase their awareness of community health promotion appears to be necessary and useful.

Assertiveness, is one of the life skills that effects on increasing self-esteem, logical expression of thoughts and feelings, reducing anxiety, improving social communication skills and supporting human rights and finally increasing life satisfaction and happiness This study aimed to determine effects of Gestalt therapy on assertiveness of nursing students The pilot of study is situated on clinical trial research experiment, from side to side pre and post control group. Among 80 nursing students enrolled in Nursing and Midwifery school of Islamic Azad University Najaf Abad in 2013-2014 who trained in the field, all those who could not expressed themselves were 36 subjects which measured with ASA scale and 24 subjects who want to enter to the research were separated randomly into experimental and control group. Experimental group consisting of Gestalt therapy, two-hours per session for 8 sessions, were trained. The control group did not receive the interventions. Therefore data analysis performed compairing the mean scores, paired t- test and Independent T TestIn experimental group, the mean scores of assertiveness after intervention increased significantly (P<0/001). The mean scores of assertiveness of the control group showed no increase significantly (p=0/4). Comparison between mean score of assertiveness after and before of intervention in experimental group with control group was significant (p<0/005). Gestalt therapy is effective on increasing of assertiveness. Thus, according to the results of this research, the methods of psychotherapy could be useful and might select, to reduce beliefs and ineffective components.

Menopause is one of the most critical stages of women's lives and is a physiological event that occurs in middle age women between 40-59 years which results in physical, mental and social wellbeing and influences their quality of life. Paying attention to postmenopausal women’s quality of life can guarantee health for more than a third of their lifetime This study aimed to determine the factors associated with specific quality of life in postmenopausal women referring to Retirement Fund in Rasht city. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 postmenopausal women who referred to Retirement Fund in Rasht selected by sequential sampling. Data were collected by a two part questionnaire including: researcher-made questionnaire on personal factors and Quality of Life Questionnaire Specific to Menopause (MENQOL). Results were analyzed using descriptive (frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (T independent test, Chi-square, Exact Fisher test and Regression). Findings showed that the overall quality of life of postmenopausal women in 54.4% of cases was good and 45.6% of cases reported it as moderate and only one case (0.6%) reported unsatisfactory quality of life. Also samples’ quality of life in vasomotor, psychosocial and physical domain was satisfactory but reported unsatisfactory in sexual domain. Results of regression model indicated a significant relationship between quality of life and age (P=0.004), educational level (P=0.03), physical activity (P=0.03), marital satisfaction (P=0.02), employment after retirement (P=0.01), the organization covering retirement (P=0.004), not spending time with friends (P=0.004), no arthritic disease (P=0.006) and no hyperlipidemia (P=0.03). Quality of life can be affected by several factors. Identifying quality of life condition of postmenopausal women is important in explaining the need for training, counseling, care and treatment of postmenopausal women and serves as basis for formulation and implementation of health care programs and further planning to improve their quality of life.

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most important public health issue in the world and harmfully effect on the health of women and children in developing countries. 25 percent of students are suffering Iron Deficiency Anemia. This suggests that insufficient intake of iron, Malnutrition or low iron in the diet. The aim of this research was to promote nutritional behavior to prevent iron deficiency anemia based on Beliefs, Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model on high school girls This Randomized controlled trial study was performed on 100 Students by multistage random placed into intervention and control groups in 2013. Intervention was done in five sections and 3.5 months after educational intervention. Questionnaire base on BASNEF Model parts and blood lab exams (Hb, Hct, Feritin) were data gathering tool. Data were analyzed by pair T- test, independent T- test, Mann- Whitney, Wilcoxon and Chi- squareThe mean score of knowledge and attitude toward the behavior, Subjective norms, Enabling factors, iron deficiency anemia preventive behaviors and Ferritin had a significant increase in the intervention group compared to the control group after the educational intervention (P<0.05). The results of the study showed positive effect of educational intervention program base on BASNEF Model on improvement of iron deficiency anemia preventive behaviors in the high school Students.

Assertiveness, is one of the life skills that effects on increasing self-esteem, logical expression of thoughts and feelings, reducing anxiety, improving social communication skills and supporting human rights and finally increasing life satisfaction and happiness Assertiveness, is one of the life skills that effects on increasing self-esteem, logical expression of thoughts and feelings, reducing anxiety, improving social communication skills and supporting human rights and finally increasing life satisfaction and happiness. The pilot of study is situated on clinical trial research experiment, for two groups before and after intervention. Among 80 nursing students enrolled in Nursing and Midwifery school of Islamic Azad University Najaf Abad in 2013-2014 who trained in the field, all those who had poor expression were 36 subjects which measured with Adolescence Self-Assertiveness (ASA) scale and 24 subjects who want to enter to the research were separated randomly into experimental and control group. Experimental group consisting of Gestalt therapy, two-hours per session for 8 weeks, were trained. The control group did not receive the interventions. Therefore data analysis performed using the mean scores, paired t- test and intervention.In experimental group, the mean scores of assertiveness after intervention increased significantly (P<0/001). The mean scores of assertiveness of the control group showed no increase significantly (p=0/4). Comparison between mean score of assertiveness after and before of intervention in experimental group with control group was significant (p<0/005). Gestalt therapy is effective on increasing of assertiveness. Thus, according to the results of this research, it may suggest that the methods of psychotherapy could be useful for ineffective components within enactment beliefs.