فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی
سال نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 33، پاییز 1385)

Conceptual overlapping among security, politics and strategy was ever caused to meaning uncertainty of security studies and its dependency to political, strategic and international relations studies, too. Here, for transparency and solving of this conceptual overlapping, author is trying to be taking under questioning the presuppositions of strategic, political and international relations studies such as likeness of concept of security and security studies, coming in to existence of security after politics, strategy and international relations, and to be more limited scope of security studies. Besides the reviewing these presuppositions, this article, by genealogy perspective, is trying to evidence the boundaries of the security studies related to political, strategic and international relations realm, and representing the evolution of it.

Theory of securitization was produced by Copenhagen school for analyzing the security problems. According the Speech Act conception, this theory by focus on linguistic analysis of security argues that it would be just appeared when expressed. The theory by designing actor, context and audience does discuss about the security problems. As matter of fact, the theory enjoys from constructive and realistic epistemology. Here the purpose of this paper is discussing and examining this theory by making some questions such as what's security, who's the securitizing actor, in which condition the problem may be concept as a security problem and what the proper time of securitizing the phenomena is. And also, this article from critique stand bring up six objects related to the theory such as exclusivities and anxiety, the strategic speech act, what kind of action, which type of threat, succession, and security: self – objectification. After all the theory the more is a managing theory than the analytical or appraisal one, because of it focus on how could be managing better the security sphere.

As the problem of the article, could be relationship between sexuality and text interpretation or subject analysis? For responding this question, this planned hypothesis is examining that understanding national and international security (as a subject or text) would be done by post positivism method and for solving sexuality irregularity. For examining this subjective guess it is primarily necessary to explanation of the feministic cognitive method(in its diverse perspective) and then exploring its main deliberations such as expanding the meaning of the security, considering the social frame, and the focus replace on change for continuity, to analyzing the national and international security. With criticizing the fashionable approaches in methodology, the feministic cognitive method prescribe four main points: introducing social security as the national security base, interactions versus independent, pay attention to software of national security dimensions and the last, supporting the continual and evolution improvement plans versus the violent and revolution ones. These differentiated the feminists from the positivists.

Global significance of gas and oil as the main energy sources was ever caused to crises, conflicts and regional and global coalitions, too. By the dependency of macro economy in Iran to petroleum industry and for confronting to economic, political and security – legal challenges, obligations and limitations, it is necessary that we chose the best mechanism for exploiting of this strategy goods. The buy-back as a legal mechanism due to focus on nationalization of the oil industry, constitutional and customary law enactment, being the capital investment limitation, and absence of high technology in oil industry, would be with positive and negative characteristics for Iran. For improving the positive and reducing the negative of the treaty for safeguarding our national interest, it is better to discuss the nature of the buy-back and examining the partie's commitments and obligations. Working the modern manner of law would not be worthy for protecting the national sources, ecological environment and national interest; so with the long term view and awareness the Iranian side (party) could be reduce the cost of the treaty as possible.

The nuclear terrorism as the newest and the most dangerous form of terrorism doesnt yet put on weight for the human being and states; but conceiving this problem it is beyond conception. The nuclear terrorism efforts means the use of the nuclear materials and weapons against people and states, or doing them for the illegal behavior; so in this situation, making use of these radioactive materials or nuclear weapons and centers, would be as the crime or means of commit a crime. It is why concept of the nuclear terrorism, in international documents, doesnt just refer to perpetration of the atomic violent act, but it could be spread of primarily processes of the act, such as providing, achieving, purchase and sale, illicit goods and use radioactive materials and nuclear weapons and request it, too. By the conceiving to be crime for these prior performance that could be resulted fiscal and human disasters, it is trying to make defeated ones whose hope to take these radioactive materials or nuclear weapons and not to be tampered with nuclear security.

Since collapse of the S.V. in 1990, international relation scholars and activists were discussing the role of U.S. as the main actors of international system and the just super power left over the cold war. As a matter of fact, what is the U.S. role in 21st century? Could be the U.S. include an empire or is it an imperialistic power that searching to stabilizing its situation based on the expanding and planning the capitalistic cultural values, beside on exploiting the wealth of periphery countries? Some of scholars believe that the U.S. would be worthy know the hegemony power that could be play main role in conducting the world and without its global leadership task may risk the global security and stability. The other researchers from the different approaches and intentions do concentrate on mission task for liberty for the U.S. not only expanding democracy in the world, but also guarantees the U.S. purposes. Here by examining the theoretical frame of these disagreeing arguments and their inner varieties could be make better explanation about the U.S. foreign policy directions.

The U.S. security strategy in the Persian Gulf base on presence, influence and intervention discussed from different perspective in the recent decades. It wasnt naturally touched by any considerations, but vice versa moved by many considerations. In this situation, economic considerations, unconsciously, have had efficacious role in the U.S. security strategy related to that region. Security of energy supply, bring back the petrodollars and protecting the hegemony of dollar are the main economic factors of the U.S. strategy that exanimate here. Notice that these economic considerations are related to explicit function of the U.S. macro strategy in international sphere. According to this strategy, the U.S. would be supporting the free and regulated flow of international economy. It is reality that the U.S. hegemonic capabilities and capacities in international sphere make the most opportunity for enjoying this situation by this country and also these instruments would be strong backing of this country in throughout the world.