فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی
سال نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 34، زمستان 1385)

Alexander Vent as a distinguished constructivist thinker does argue that the problems of the scholars of international relations and the political scientists were just be understanding of global politics and power distribution without thinking about what constructed the global system and how it organized. Vent by reviewing the current schools of the international relations field is criticizing the neo – realism so that it is important but by focus on individualism and materialism is imperfect. That is paying more attention on decision makers without any mentioning on social structures that shapes the individuals. Crucial critique of Vent is deal with materialistic views of neo – realism as an objective willing and properties. Here the main hypothesis of the article by exploring the political from the constructivist view is that the political actors do often pursuit to substitute recognition on power (in the neo – realism) and wealth (in the neo – liberal view).

In the Ancient period religious knowledge system and classic political philosophy didnt in itself focus on security. Inward security in the pre-modern era, in fact, was rooted in the fatality that unavailable for the human being. They were lived in the spiritual atmosphere and believed in the divine destiny that flow over in the natural law and latent harmony in the universe in which definite his/her life and inward security. The Stoic philosophy, in addition, was based upon this order which linked to the Plato's and Aristotle's and Christianity philosophy, the later. In stead of the past, modern political philosophy that constructed the modern state was paying more attention on power and security.Here the purpose is reviewing what and how the transition occurred in the history of political thoughts and for doing it, it is necessary to definite how the men converted. Author by exploring how the modern mankind emerged in the west and explanting the characteristics of him/her is trying to form into the existence and evaluation of the political theory by referring to the two important thinkers: Machiavelli and Hobbes. Resulting that men by denying the gifted and destined order felt alone, and inevitably insecurity and unsafely made more important than. So security made way as the fireplace of the modern age.

Categories of ideology and strategy independently was examined and defined in many works, but surveying the relationship of these categories didnt just adequate by current independent studies. For acute comparison between ideological and strategic view, it is necessity to explore their historical origins, their whole characteristics and functions and also responding the any non- academic prejudice about them. In this article by examining of the historical, the conceptual, the functional, of each category, it is criticizing the dichotomy of definitions of them that in the one side ideology is defined as idealism, morals, changeability, emotionalism, false consciousness, and non-cognitive view and the other side strategy is introduced as realism, ethical impartiality, verification, rationality, true consciousness and scientific knowledge.

The Islamic Republic of Iran faces with the international punishment option by IAEA reporting the Iran's nuclear case to United Nations ' Security Council (UNSC). These punishments that contain the economic sanctions, cutting the diplomatic exchange, military action – limited or expanded- is affecting the Islamic Republic of Iran's national security. Taking any dimension of this option, in one hand, is concerned to Iran's national interests, cost and benefit analysis, social, economic, and political characteristics and the nature of politics in the domestic decision-making process, and the other hand, dealing with the national interests, policy, and political willing of powerful states involved in the Iran's case. Resulting any dimension of these option for the Islamic Republic of Iran by the various logics and theories of international punishments, capabilities and interests of any powerful states for enforcing the punishments, and endure ability in punishments impacts, is discussed here.

The new wave of terrorist actions, so called the modern terrorism, at the best one was appeared in September 11 2001. In respond to September 11 attack and confronting with it, U.S. was transformed the operational environment to the Middle East region that overlapping with the Islamic Republic of Iran's national security environment. So it is necessity to explore the modern terrorism and determining its threat on the IRI's national interests. What is distinguishing the modern terrorism that the components such as identity – based, the globosity, inciting and one dimensioned and its distinct manner is the assassin operations. If this new wave is threaten the IRI's national interests, it could be effectively affect on the national characteristics in the domestic dimensions and ideological approach of IRI in the regional environment.Here author is suggesting some recommendations for preventing and confronting with these threats such as covert action with induced current, embraced controlling and managing of mass media, substitute process management on crisis management, preventing the nuclear terrorism and choosing the open combat in the necessary.

The hegemonic stability theory as a branch of realism in the international relations entails a hegemony leadership for regular and stability of international liberal economy. The hegemony state, in one side, enjoys the greatest and the strength economic capabilities (besides military strength and ideological influence) and the other side, lively promotes the liberal economy in the international sphere. According to the theory, while the international relations field is an area of competition, and for struggle for power among nations (nation-states, and also the power the relative phenomena, so the free flow of liberal economy is deal with power equivalence and the hidden hand is inadequate. The appreciate distribution of power is the hegemonic stability so that the hegemony state is enforcing the liberal economy regulation with the consent of the weaker states especially the secondary powers. The theory appeared two times in the history of international political economy: second half of 19 century under the Britain hegemony and after Second World War under U.S. hegemony. The U.S. hegemony was challenged by terminated the fixed foreign exchange rate of the Breton – Woods in the late of 1960s. The United States of America was started the new phrase of reinforcing it's hegemony after cold war and emerging the new international political atmosphere. So this article pays more attention to this new phrase.

One of the exciting subjects and discussions that are in the news is related to what the terrorist groups do act. As a matter of fact, diffusing worry, fear and timidity atmosphere and distrusting to the governmental agencies in the society without huge covering the terrorism in the media doesnt appropriate affect on the public opinion. Here the article is examining empirically the result of the opinion poll institutes for analyzing what the terrorist causes affect the public opinion in the U.S. The media, in fact, is plying the main role especially in the crises for constructing the discursive order.The U.S. government was put obstacles on free flow of reaching the information of its citizens by stressing on the hegemonic approaching in information controlling, and use the censorships instruments in broadcasting news for enjoying the public supporting.