فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 44، تابستان 1388)

As one of the social forces, police has some functions and would be under social consequences of social transformations and changes too. So it is reasonable to be harmonized with them, facilitating functions for coping with new security needs and facing with new challenges for police force as the other social forces. As a securitizing force, police would be doing the changes by micro security theories. Some security theories in the micro security are useful and correlated more to police mentioned here. How some transformation in police functions could be made in studying these micro security theories? In the four main functions, it examines as transformation in archetype police functions, new and novel functions, social status of police in society and police function in the level of macro security especially in the national one.

The police as one of the main supporters of security have a remarkable place and there is no doubt about perspective of its future role and function. In fact, the cause to challenging police and revision in security is the attitude towards security and then its mechanisms within the perspective. In other words, the area of security is not exception among social and political phenomena and by the passage of time should be changed to attain desirable goals. Having said that, one can not be optimistic about realization of security in the future through the intermediary of old means and approach of security, or handling collective affairs in future by outdated capitals. Thus we need to pay due attention to the organs and principles of the future perspective and to apply intentions and needs to the new conditions. Taking into account this approach and due to the transitional conditions in Iran, the current paper reviews the narrow and wide concept of security as the symbols of security in the past and future and then it compares the minimal and maximal police with each other.

In order to serve citizen rights, the police as the main responsible organization to maintain domestic security have to carry out some jobs which, right or wrong, are called interference in freedom, security or other citizen rights.To solve this problem which actually demonstrates a conflict of functions, a deeply surveyed and targeted training of citizen rights is needed. Therefore, the police efficiency is subject to training citizen rights to its personnel and other citizens too. Training and enlightening public opinion about citizen rights and the way to secure it can take away some misunderstandings in this regard. Training the police about citizen rights also can lead its personnel not to interfere in the rights of citizens, even if they are the accused or criminals. Therefore, the police efficiency in securing citizen rights will be increased.

According to the criminal law, the organized crimes have a unique characteristic which is the planned way of accomplishing. This indicates that in comparison with others, these kinds of crimes are not new ones and in spite of it, every crime can be accomplished in an organized manner. In the mean time, based on criminology, other than way of accomplishing, the organized crimes have two other characteristics including their financial and trans-national features. Whenever the above characteristics are linked to the perpetrators of organized crimes, the role of security as the subject of this crime is highlighted. However, despite of terrorism which mainly targets the citizens, these crimes are behaviors against economic and national security. Pursuing those crimes is not comparable to those on the streets or other coercive crimes. Due to the linkage between organized crime perpetrators and the power and also because of formalistic respect to the law and norms by them, police has not been so successful in identification and hunting those criminals.

Living in the wide range of diversities and the recognition of these diversities is among the most characteristic features of the modern world. Because of extensive and permanent migrations and the extensive and international communications and the globalization of economic activities, more or less, every society around the world has become diverse and multiethnic society. On the other hand, if we define the function of police institution as establishing order and security in a society, it become clear that this institution must be accommodated to the emerging trends and circumstances of its society. Accordingly, in many countries and even in many cosmopolitan cities, charters and codes of conduct has been designed, so that their aim being as making smoother and more effective functioning of police institution. After a brief discussion on the meaning and the content of concept of diversity, in this paper, central and common themes of abovementioned charters and codes of conduct, which were proposed for more effective working of police in diverse societies, will be examined.

The main task of the government is serving security. The security challenge is either by other states which is called threat to national security or by domestic groups and individuals against each other which is demonstrated with weakening the government and disappearing social order. The government has the supreme power and in order to serve security and to project sovereignty, it creates some instruments and organizations which military and police force is the foremost one. In order to serve security and order within the society, the police establish an organization and based on its own threat perception, it adopts some strategies and tactics to reach the above goal. Needs to mention that although the police is static, however, the security environment, instruments and threats are dynamic. During the last two decades, one of the effective elements in this dynamism has been globalization. The effective mechanisms of globalization in respect to the police tasks and strategies are studied in the current paper.

The water rich, fertile and strategic region of Golan is the only region which is located in beyond green line border (1948 border) and still occupied by the Zionist regime. It was occupied in 1967 and the battle to free it in 1973 was not successful. From that time on, withdrawal from this region has been an issue betweenSyriaand the Zionist regime. This paper studies the place of theGolan Heightsin security of the Zionist regime in terms of strategic location, water sources and population. The purpose of the current paper is identification of the above factors in security of the Zionist regime. Can withdrawal from this region serve security of this regime as it was the case by the treaty between the regime andEgypt,Jordanand the Palestinian Autonomous Authority or the advantages of this region will make withdrawal costly for the Zionist regime?