فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 48، تابستان 1389)

A study of the economic developments in Iran, during the post revolution era, indicates that the economic policy of the Iranian government has got a fluctuation condition rather than linear trend. Therefore, it clears that after the revolution the general orientation of the economic policies during the first decade was based on redistribution, during the second decade on economic growth and since the middle of the third decade on redistribution again. The paper explains these instabilities within the framework of fluctuation model. Later, instead of providing an economic analysis, it will attempt to analyze the root causes of these instabilities through the prism of political sociology. Finally it concludes that during the post revolutionary era, the nature and structure of the renter state has caused this kind of instability at the macro-economic level.

The political, cultural and economic structures have got increasing role in ecological developments. The existing data and findings are indicating the scope of devastative role of the human beings in degradation of the environment at the local as well as global level. As an implication of this role, the human security has been challenged globally and the environmental crisis has emerged in the multilayer security situation and finally the balance of the environment has been disordered. Unfortunately, the trend of the environment degradation has been increasing in Iran during the recent decades; as such we are the worst in some cases. Most of the above results are due to geographic location and topography of the land in Iran, less attention to sustainability of the environment in planning and construction of the buildings, public unawareness and weak attention of the governmental organizations. Therefore, it seems that continuity of this situation, at least in the next two decades, will face the country with durable, costly and long lasting security challenges.

During the recent decades, regional equilibriums and balanced distribution of the population have been one of the great concerns for the planners and regional development thinkers. In this way, cities as the main place of habitation and the most effective place in population movement, has got a significant position. Therefore, the main question of the paper is as follows: what is the optimized amount of the population in the cities? And how the population of a region can be equilibrated? Predicting the population in cities of the district of Azerbaijan within the 2022 Prospective and its planning based on rank – amount modification model appropriate with the elasticity and anthropy of the urban network, the author suggests the optimized amount of the population of the Azerbaijan cities and consequently to create an equilibrated spatial, he introduces the required policies to increase or reduce the rate of population growth in Azerbaijan.

The paper studies the Fifth Bill of Development in Iran in terms of its effects on business environment in the country. Based on the general terms of the plan, promotion of the business environment is the main strategy for realization of the economic growth, social security and better life standards of the Iranian nation. Also, it will serve as an important factor in empowerment of the people against poverty, unemployment and inflation. Given the need to promote the business environment, some of the defects of the plane are explained in this paper.

In spite of expansion of the economic relationship between the USA and China during the recent decades, some security-political elements are playing a divergent role within this relationship. Of course, they have attempted to distinct this area of dispute from economic cooperation and prevent the mutual interests to be disturbed. However, the orientation and destination of the relationship is not clear. Does the cooperation reduce the tension or vice versa. It seems that in the short term, the economic cooperation will continue, and as in the resent years, it will overshadow the other disagreements. Iran is one of these issues which can be managed, because continuation of cooperation with the USA is a priority to China.

In the aftermath of 11 September, Afghanistan was the first country ruled by Taliban and as the harbor of Al-Qaida which was attacked by the coalition of western countries led by the USA. Consequently, the NATO got the command in Afghanistan. Given the trend and composition of deployment as well as distribution of the NATO troops in Afghanistan, the paper studies the challenges of these troops in the country. These challenges can be considered in three categories, structural, domestic and regional. However, at the structural level, the main theme of the conflict of views between the state parties relies on their different views on functions of the troops, legal interpretations and lack of coordination among them.

Although terroristic actions are similar to war and crime actions, however, in terms of legal nature of terrorism, adoption of each of them will lead to different implications. If terrorism is seen through guilt actions, the terrorist and his/her behavior should be focused on, however, if it is taken as equal to war crimes, the evaluation and judgment should be based on group or network actions. Obviously, at the first level, a rule has been violated and therefore the perpetrator is punished, however, in case of the latter, like Al-Qaida, it has got cohesion and solidarity, with specific purpose and program, supported by some entities and more than that it attempts to resort to brutality on imposing a belief and finally to pretend itself beyond of a group or individual. IN this paper, given war and crime actions, terrorism is weighed and then the findings will be applied on the Gaza incident in the end of 2008.