فصلنامه روانشناسی
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 27، پاییز 1382)

The present research investigate the effects of strategic family therapyintervention in marital conflicts. Thirty nine distressed couples, who have askedfor conselling services, were randomly devided into 2 exprimental (21 couples)and Control (18 Couples) groups. All couples participated in a clinical interviewand completed the Enrich Satisfaction Test. Then couples in the experimentalgroup Participated in a 6 weeks strategic family therapy intervention, whilecouples in the controle group were on the waiting list. After 6 weeks, both groupswere reevaluated as the post test. The results showed that the strategic familytherapy has improved the couples’ satisfaction and has reduced the interpersonalconflicts between them. It was also found that: a) The intervention was moresuccessful among women, b) The strategic family therapy was more effective oncommunication problems compare to other factors of conflict.

To investigate the relationships between mother’s pathological symptoms andformation of attachment and socio-behavioral problems in their 4 years oldchildren, 176 mother-child pairs were randomly selected from a middle classcommunity in Tehran. Data were obtained from mothers, children and nurseryteachers by using following questionnaires: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI),Cattle Anxiety Scale, Security-Insecurity Inventory (S-I), The Adjustment Inventory- Adult form, Separation Anxiety Test (SAT), Preschool Children’s BehaviorChecklist -Teacher’s form (PBCL), Preschool Children’s Behavior Checklist -Parent’s form (BCL) and California Preschool Social Competency Scale. Analysisof results indicate that only level of insecurity feeling and anxiety of the motherscan significantly predict the attachment security of their children; i.e., childrenwhose mother had higher levels of insecurity feelings and anxiety, were moreprone to insecure attachment. It was also revealed that children, whose mothershad higher levels of insecurity fellings, showed more socio-behavioral problems.There was no significant relationship between mothers’ depression andmaladjustment with attachment patterns or socio-behavioral problems of theirpreschool children.

This study aims to assess psychological characteristics such as: Sensationseeking and it’s components, IQ, Self-esteem and Identity status of prostitutewomen in comparison with normal women. For this purpose, 60 prostitute womenbetween ages 15 and 35 years old were used. These cases were selected from theMinistry of Health’s Rehabilitation Center and also females who were in the Evinprison. The comparison group was chosen from normal females who living inTehran. The two groups were matched in important variables (age, grade, andsocio-economical conditions). All participants completed Zuckerman's SensationSeeking Scale, Progressive Raven’s Matrices, Cooper Smith’s Self-EsteemQuestionnaire and EOM-EIS2. For examining the hypotheses, statistical methodssuch as Independent Samples t-test and Chi-Square were used. Results indicatedthat the sensation seeking total score, disinhibition, boredom susceptibility andexperience seeking scores in prostitutes women were significantly higher than thenormal women; but the thrill and adventure seeking component among the twogroups did not differ significantly. Also, prostitute women were evaluated lower inIQ and self-esteem than normal women. Prostitute’s identity status didn’tsignificantly differ from those of normal women.

This study examine the relationship between metacognition, learningconceptions and 12-graders’ EFL learning performance. Three hundned andseventy preparatory high school students (boys and girls) in Yazd were randomelyselected. A state metacognitive inventory and a researcher-made EFL test wereadminstered to the sample. Eighty of these participants were also interviewedconcerning their views of learning. Metacognition, conceptions of learning andlanguage learning conceptions were found to be related to EFL learningperformance. High achievers were significantly different from the low achievers inthe above areas. However, gender differences were not found to be significant.

To assess the effect of music therapy on adolescents depression, 80 depressedfemale students were randomly selected and assigned into a control and 3experimental groups. Subjects in experimental groups experienced active musictherapy (group E1), passive music therapy with western pop music (group E2), andpassive music therapy with Iranian pop music (group E3). To assess the subjects’depression level, clinical interview and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) wereused in pretest and post test conditions. Results indicated the effectiveness of bothactive and passive music therapy. Although the effectiveness of acttive method wasmore than passive one. There was not any significant difference between Iranian and Western pop music therapy.

The transactional strategies instruction is one of the methods of cognitive andmeta-cognitive instruction planned for students with low achievement in elementaryschools. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transactionalstrategies instruction on reading comprehension improvement. Subjects wereconsisted of 60 weak students in comprehension (30 girls and 30 boys) who werestudying in the 5th grade of elementary schools. The subjects were randomlyselected and assigned into three groups (experimental, control 1, and control 2).Subjects in the experimental group received 20 training sessions (each 100minutes) on four comprehension strategies: Summarization, prediction, questiongeneration, and question-answering. The first control group received traditionalinstructions, definition of comprehension strategies and practice. The secondcontrol group received only traditional instructions. In order to collect the data,the Teacher-made Comprehension Tests, Cattell Intelligence Scale, DyslexiaSyndrome Form, and Comprehension Evolution and a demographic questionnaireswere used. The results of Multivariate Analysis of Variance showed that theexperimental group had significantly higher scores on comprehension tests thanthe other two groups (p<0.001). The results of MANOVA also showed that girlstudents had significantly higher scores on the comprehension tests than boystudents (p<0.001).