فصلنامه روانشناسی
سال هفدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 65، بهار 1392)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between meaning of life and optimism with subjective well-being among high school students. The sample consisted of 400 students (240 males and 160 females) from the third grade of high schools in Lordegan، Chaharmahal-O-Bakhtiyari Province. The students ansewered the Molavi et al (2008) Sُubjective Well-being Questionnaire، Crumbaugh Maholick (1964) Meaning of Life Questionnaire and the Scheier et al (1994) Life- Orientation Test. The results were analyzed by the Pierson correlation test and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed significan positive relationships between positive affects with meaning in life and optimism. and also significant negative relationships between negative affects with meaning in life and optimism. Further analysis by multiple regression test showed that meaning in life and optimism variables could count for 50 percent of variance of the subjective well-being. There was no significant difference between girls and boys in terms of their scores on meaning of life and optimism. But the two genders were significantly different on scores of subjective well-being that is boys scored higher on subjective well-being scale. According to the result، it can be concluded that، existence of a meaning in life and being optimistic can influence mental health and subjective wellbeing.

The purpose of this study was to Predict the defense styles based on the personality organization and its dimensions. 240 university students (125 males and 115 females) of Shiraz University were selected by availble sampling. Participants responded to the Defensive Style Questionnaire and the Kernberg’s Inventory of Personality Organization. Datas were analyzed by stepwise regression. Results showed that between dimensions of personality organization (primitive defenses، identity diffusion and reality testing)، Primitive defenses predicts the immature defense style. The results also revealed that overall vulnerability of the personality predicts the immature defense style with a relatively good power، however it has، less power to predict mature and neurotic defense styles. It was also indicated that participants with psychotic and borderline personality organizations use immature defense mechenisms more fnequently.

The objective of this study is investigating direct and indirect effects of mother’s personality traits on the children behavioral disorders with mediating role of mother’s parentins style (PS) and mental disordares (MD). 108 normal girl students، ranging from 11 to 16 years old (13. 26 ± 0. 92) and theire mothers from Tabriz participated. in the study. Mothers answered to the Child Symptoms Inventory (CSI-4)، Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42)، Parenting Style Questionnaire، and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Spearman correlation coefficient and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used for analysis of the data. SEM showed that there are indirect relationship between mother’s personality traits (PT) and children behavioral disorders، while mother’s MDs mediate this relationship. In fact، psychoticism can cause internalizing disorders with mediation of maternal anxiety and depression. Mother’s personaity traits. (PT) hadn’t direct effect on children behavioral disorders، Mother’s PT hadn’t indirect effect on children behavioral disorders، even with the ediation of PS.

The present essay، was carried out to study the effect of the emotional expressiveness styles on recall and recognition memory bias. To this end، 135 subjects (69 female،66 male)، among three engineering firm in Tehran were selected using the accessible sampling. The subjects answened the EmotionalExpressiveness Questionnaire. Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire and the Emotional Control Questionnaire (Roger &Nagarian، 1989). The recall and recognition memory performance were assessed by using vocabulary list. The results demonstrated the significant effect of the emotional expression styles on recall memory، but has no influenceon on the recognition memory. Whereas the results of the major variables demonstrated no significant impression of emotional expressiveness and emotional control on recall and recognition memory. Howevere ambivalence over emotional expressiveness showed a significant influence on recall memory performance. By reviewing the impact of three mentioned variables، on recall and recognition، it was determined that emotional expressiveness and emotional control had no significant impression on recall and recognition memory in female and male. While ambivalence over emotional expressiveness has a different effect on the performanceof recognition memory in female and male.

The aim of present research was to designing and testing a model of important precedents and outcomes of workaholism. The variables in the model were arranged in three parts: Precedents (extraversion، conscientiousness، work pressure، supervisor support)، three dimensions of workaholism: (positive، work enjoyment and work involvement / negative، Drive to work،)، Out comes (work – family conflict and job satisfaction). The research conducted on 197 subjects who were selected by random sampling method. The instruments used in present study consists of: the Big Five Factor Personality Questionnaire، The Supervisor Support Questionnaire، the Work Pressure (Role Conflict and Ambiguity Scale and the Role Overload Scale، Work Battery Scale، Job Satisfaction Questionnaire، and Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) through Amos -16 and SPSS -16 software packages were used for data analysis. Findings indicated that the revision of the hypothesized structural model was needed. Better fit and more meaningful results were obtained by eliminating non significant directions and adding one direction. The final model was supported.

The present study compared the performances of 15 subjects with OCD to 20 subjects with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 17 non-patient participants on neuropsychological tasks in their main cognitive domains (executive functioning). Participants were all male and resident in Tehran. Research instruments consisted of the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM (SCID)، Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II)، Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS)، Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R)، Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST)، Tower of London (TOL)، Stroop Color-Word Task، Wechsler Spatial Span and Wechsler Intelligence Arithmetic Scale. To analyze the data، one-way ANOVA، Multivariate Covariate، Anivariate Covariate and IBonforroni Post-hoc were used. The results indicated that PTSD subjects differed significantly and get lower results on all of the tasks. Results also suggested that PTSD patients more poor performance in compare with OCD patients and the non-patient group was influenced by the intensiveness،cronicity and length of their PTSD as well as their depression symptoms

This study aimes to compare working memory and academic performance in bilingual and monolingual boy students in grade five at primary schools. 89 boy student (47 monolingual and 42 bilingual) in Shahreyar (Alborz provience) in 2011- 2012 academic year were chosen randomly by multi-stage sampling method and the Cornoldi Working Memory Test was conducted on them. Their Farsi literature grade was extracted from their transcript of grades. Results showed that the average of the Cornoldi Working Memory Test in bilingual students was significantly higher than the monolinguals. But in Farsi literature، bilinguals were meaningfully lower. Bilingual students working memory performance were meaningfully higher than the monolinguals، while their average performance in Farsi literature was lower than the monolinguals