مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 281 (هفته دوم خرداد 1393)

Usage of midazolam and haloperidol for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting has been considered before. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-emetic effect of combination of haloperidol with midazolam on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients underwent strabismus surgery. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 90 patients with the age of 18-60 years underwent general anesthesia for strabismus surgery in Feiz hospital, Isfahan, Iran, were divided into 3 groups of 30. Group A received 0.05 mg/kg of midazolam, group B received 0.05 mg/kg of midazolam plus 0.05 mg/kg of haloperidol, and group C was the control group. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were evaluated in post-anesthesia care unit and ward. Making a comparison, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in group B was significantly lower than groups A and C (P < 0.05 for both). The lowest incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting happened in group B, where the postoperative anti-emetic need was significantly lower than groups A and C (P < 0.05 for both). Administration of 0.05 mg/kg of haloperidol plus 0.05 mg/kg of midazolam reduces the postoperative nausea and vomiting more than midazolam alone in patients undergo strabismus surgery.

Infrequent voiding is one of the most common problems in pediatrics which its etiology has not been fully known. In some studies, children with infrequent voiding have slower linear growth in comparison with normal population. The aim of this study was to compare the growth and development in children with infrequent voiding and normal children. In this case-control study, 100 six-year-old children suffering from infrequent voiding were entered. They were compared with healthy age-matched children using Ages and stages questionnaire (ASQ). The case group has significantly more disorders in personal-social skills such as problem solving, communication, and language development. Moreover, the stature and weight of children with infrequent voiding were significantly less and their body mass index (BMI) and weight were more significantly more than control group. Due to infrequent growth disorders in children with infrequent voiding, we suggest to treat them with greater effort. In addition, with proportioning of weight and BMI, we can apply to treat the growth disorders much better.

Hydatid cyst is the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Effect of this parasite on inhibition of cancer cells growth has been shown in previous investigations. In this study, different numbers of viable protoscoleces of hydatid cyst were injected to C57/Black mice. Then, melanoma cells were injected to the mice, too. In mice received 100 or 500 protoscolices, significantly smaller tumors were developed in comparison with the control group; but in the group received 1000 protoscoleces, there was no significant difference in tumor size compared to control group. Probably, due to antigenic similarities between protoscolices and cancer cells, the raised antibody against protoscolices antigens may non-specifically affect tumor growth in mice.

Osteoporosis is a common disease that is most prevalent in postmenopausal women. Statins are lipid lowering agents and their role in increasing bone mineral density has been reported in many studies. We conducted this study to evaluate the relationship of statin consumption and bone density in postmenopausal women. 350 patients with a mean age of 62.03 ± 6.12 years (range: 43-82 years) were enrolled in this study. Patients underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements at hip, lumbar spines (L2, L3, and L4), greater trochanter and femur neck. Statin usage by patients was recorded. Results [showed as T-score and bone mineral density (BMD) in g/cm2] were compared between the patients who were or were not taking statins. The patients were divided in three groups according to T-score (normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic). Then, the data were analyzed using chi-square (for qualitative variables), t (for quantitative variables) and the Mann-Whitney tests via SPSS18 software. Significant differences were found between the two groups in mean BMD of lumbar spines (L2, L3, and L4), greater trochanter and femur neck. Statin users had higher BMD. No significant difference in BMD of hip was observed. Frequency distribution of patients with osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal density of lumbar spines (L2, L3, and L4) and femur neck in two groups was found to be significantly different. Statins showed to have positive impact on bone density in lumbar spines (L2, L3, and L4), greater trochanter and femur neck, but in BMD of hip no significant difference was observed. According to the results of this study, statins can have an important role in prevention of osteoporosis.

The genus Nocardia, are partially acid-fast, Gram-positive and catalase-positive bacteria that are not normal flora in human and animals. Accurate identification of Nocardia species is important for treatment planning and epidemiology research. To date, the molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction sequencing are used for accurate and rapid identification of Nocardia species.