مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 327 (هفته سوم اردبیهشت 1394)

A known problem of chronic administration of opioid is tolerance to its analgesic effect. Co-administration of a non-opioid analgesic may help reducing the opiate dose and consequently tolerance and dependency. It is reported that repeated use of methylphenidate, one of amphetamines, increased the expression of µ opioid receptor and had antinociception. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of methylphenidate on methadone-induced analgesia. Nine groups of 8 male rats weighting 270 ± 20 g were randomly selected; control group received 1 ml/kg oral normal saline, metylphenidate groups received 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg oral metylphenidate, methadone groups received 5, 10, 20 mg/kg oral methadone, and combined groups received 5 mg/kg methadone +5 or 15 mg/kg methylphenidate orally. Pain was measured using plantar test apparatus. Only, 15 mg/kg methylphenidate produced significant analgesic effect. In addition, co-administration of non-effective doses of methylphenidate and 5 mg/ kg methadone significantly increased the analgesic effects of methadone at 60 minutes after gavage. We found that methylphenidate potentiate the analgesic effects of methadone in rats.

Tooth decay is the most common infectious disease that involves all groups, ages and classes of the society. Treatment of dental caries imposes high costs in all countries. Since the plants are safe and abundant natural resources, they have always been one of the major sources of pharmaceuticals. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of alcoholic extract of Damask rose on cariogenic streptococci. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of ethanol extract of Rosa damascena on the cariogenic streptococci, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus sanguis was assessed via microtitre plate method for minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) and minimum bactricidal concentration (MBC). The effect of the extract on attachment of these bacteria was surveyed. Results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variances. The minimum inhibitor concentrations for the Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus sanguis were 7.5, 7.5, 15.0, and 15.0 mg/ml, respectively; and minimum bactricidal concentration for these bacteria were 15.0, 7.5, 15.0, 30.0 mg/ml, respectively. In addition, it was shown that different dilutions of Rosa damascena extract decreased the biofilm formation in these bacteria between 43 to 93 percent. Due to the antibacterial effect of Rosa damascena on all four strains of cariogenic bacteria, the extract can be used for prevention and control of dental caries.

Use of laparoscopy in gynecologic surgeries, including adnexal masses, has increased in recent years. The present research intended to study the role of laparoscopy in adnexal masses surgery. The algorithm for the use and role of laparoscopy in adnexal masses surgery was designed via using first, the model of Ovarian Malignancy Prediction Score (OMPS1) according to findings related to age and ultrasound with high sensitivity and then, the model of OMPS2 (a more specific model). In case, the surgeon possesses the skill for the level three of laparoscopy, the patients with OMPS1 of less than 2.3 (rule out of malignancy) may undergo laparoscopy. As concerns other cases, provided that frozen section is available, surgery starts with laparoscopy and shall continue up to the end with complete staging, in case the surgeon possesses the skill for the level four of laparoscopy. In adnexal masses surgery, management of the patients is determined via using frozen section and on the basis of the clinical guideline and this method may be used depending on the skill the surgeon possesses for laparoscopy.

Insulin is a hormone exclusively produced by pancreatic beta cells. The production of recombinant proteins in microorganisms has some disadvantages such as high cost, the possibility of contamination with toxic proteins, and costly purification steps; so, the production of recombinant proteins in plants can be investigated. Development of transient expression system based on a deleted version of Cowpea mosaic virus RNA-2, Cowpea Mosaic Virus-Hyper Translatable (CPMV-HT), has provided the extremely high-level and rapid production of proteins without viral replication. In this study, two constructions were prepared; pBI121-Proinsulin-Zera (pBI-ProZ) containing human proinsulin gene and Zera (N-terminal proline-rich domain of γ-zein) and pCAMBIA1304-Proinsulin-Extensin (pCAMBIA-ProE) containing CPMV-HT expression system for improvement of translation of human proinsulin gene and carrot extensin signal peptide. Both structures were transiently transferred in to lettuce and alfalfa leaves using Agrobacterium tumefasiens pv. C58. Statistical analysis of this study was conducted on the concentration of produced proinsulin per each gram of transgenic leaf using factorial arrangement of treatment in a complete randomized design. Gene expression was confirmed in transcription level using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method and in translation level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Dot blot assay. Protein accumulation for pCAMBIA-ProE and pBI-ProZ constructs were 6.82 and 4.32 ng/g in recombinant alfalfa leaves and 6.6 and 3.8 ng/g in recombinant lettuce leaves, respectively. Results showed that the expression of proinsulin in pCAMBIA-ProE contains CPMV-HT expression system was more than pBI-ProZ.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent disorder in children and it is described as a group of risk factors including obesity, increased fasting blood sugar, increased triglyceride, high blood pressure and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. This multifactorial disorder has been considered as one of the leading causes of mortality throughout the world and has been considered as a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown that the syndrome is highly prevalent among overweight children and adolescents. The etiology of the metabolic syndrome is complex, and is determined by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors and their influence on the development of obesity, insulin resistance and various inflammatory processes. Recent findings on Iranian children and adolescents show the prevalent of 23%. In this review, we looked at the definition, prevalence etiology and the main determinant genes in the development of this disorder.