مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 364 (هفته چهارم بهمن 1394)

In addition to chemical and electrical mechanisms, cell organisms communicate each other through electromagnetic waves, known as biophotons. Detection of these waves shows that when cell organisms are being dividing, injured, or dying, they emit more photons than when they are healthy. The purpose of this study was to detect the biophoton waves emitted from cancer cells (HT-29) affected by trypsin. Trypsin is a factor contributes to gradual death of cells. This study was carried out on HT-29 cells in three groups. In the first group, the cells were affected by trypsin. In the second group, the cells were not influenced by trypsin; and in the third group, an empty plate was used to measure the background radiation. For this purpose, the amount of the radiation emitted from all three groups was measured using photomultiplier tubes (PMT) apparatus and compared. Computation of the means and standard deviation of the whole surface of emitted biophotons demonstrated that the group containing trypsin significantly emitted more amounts of biophotons than the group without trypsin and the group considered for the measurement of the background radiation (P < 0.05). In addition, over the time, the amount of emitted biophotons increased. The results showed that when the cells were under the influence of trypsin, the amount of biophoton emissions increased. With the elapsed time, more cells were faced with the death threshold, therefore, the amount of emitted waves from the cells affected by trypsin increased significantly rather than the cells were not influenced by trypsin.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a major role in the pathophysiology of a wide variety of solid tumors such as glioblastoma and breast cancer. Therefore, blocking of signaling cascade of this receptor via specific antibodies is an appropriate therapeutic target against these cancers. The first step to make monoclonal antibodies is production of recombinant protein with high purity and glycosylation pattern similar to human protein. One of the best available hosts for this purpose is the Pichia pastoris yeast. Coding sequence of extracellular and transmembrane domain of EGFR protein was isolated from human glioma cell line (A172) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. This sequence was cloned into plasmid pPicZαA and transferred into Pichia pastoris yeast cells. Then, the production of recombinant protein was induced via treating of cells with methanol with final concentration of 0.5%, in several time periods, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 and 192 hours. Protein production was assessed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Partial coding sequence of EGFR was cloned in pICZαA plasmid. The results of induction of protein expression on SDS-PAGE gel showed that the protein expression increased as incubation time increased. However, after three days of induction, the secreted host proteins in the culture medium increased and got visible on SDS-PAGE gel. In this study, we produced EGFR protein that can dramatically speed up production process of EGFR inhibiting monoclonal antibodies.

Getting out of the anesthesia occurs with stimulation of sympathetic system and increasing in patient's pulse and blood pressure. Various methods are used to control the blood pressure and heart rate, but there is no single method, so far. This study aimed to compare the effects of morphine and diltiazem of blood pressure and pulse rate in recovery time among the patients underwent craniotomy. In a double-blind clinical trial study during 2012-2013, 60 patients who were candidates for craniotomy were selected and divided in two groups of 30. The first group received 60 mg diltiazem and the second group received 0.1 mg/kg morphine. During 4 hours after the surgery, the hemodynamic variables were checked and compared between the two groups. Before the operation, the mean systolic blood pressure was 120.6 ± 12.5 and 126.8 ± 18.7 mmHg in morphine and diltiazem groups, respectively (P = 0.560). 4 hours after the drug consumption, mean systolic blood pressure was 130.6 ± 13.2 and 100.4 ± 16.2 mmHg in morphine and diltiazem groups, respectively (P < 0.001). During the follow-up period in recovery room, there was no significant difference between the blood pressure and heart rate between the two groups; but 4 hours after the drug consumption, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the diltiazem group. During the study, there was no significant difference in heart rates between the two groups. According to the results of the study, using diltiazem led to better control of blood pressure during craniotomy with little side effects. So, it can be used safely in patients under craniotomy.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely consumed in different fields of biology and exposure to them have increased. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of subcutaneous administration of silver nanoparticles during pregnancy on development of some internal organs and liver histomorphometry of mouse offspring. Fifteen pregnant NMRI female mice in three groups were subcutaneously administered every three days until delivery with 0 (control), 0.2, and 2 mg/kg of body weight (BW) of silver nanoparticles. Internal organs of five male and five female offspring from each groups were weighed following anesthesia on 28th day offspring. Histological liver sections were also prepared to assess histomorphometry of liver. Finally, results were analyzed according to the treatment and sex. There were no significant differences in offspring body weights (P > 0.05). Partial weight of spleen were lower in the group received 2 mg/kg nanoparticles compared to the control group (P < 0.01). Although liver partial weight were not significantly different between the groups (P > 0.05), the effect of silver nanoparticles on liver weight was influenced by the sex (P < 0.05), in a way that only the liver weight of male mice were increased (P < 0.05). Number of hepatocytes decreased and their size increased sex-independently in silver-nanoparticles-treated groups compared to control group (P < 0.01). Although exposure of pregnant mice to silver nanoparticles has no effect on the growth of their offspring, it leads to increased liver weight and liver structural changes.

Determining the depth of anesthesia or loss of consciousness in poisoned patients admitted to hospitals is one of the most important issues in determining the necessity to tracheal intubation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the scores of Bispectral index (BIS) and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) in poisoned patients with loss of consciousness requiring tracheal intubation. 24 poisoned patients referred to Noor Hospital in Isfahan, Iran were enrolled. The level of consciousness was recorded using the GCS and BIS in two times, one at the beginning and the other at the time of tracheal intubation. Finally, the data were analyzed using independent-t and Pearson's correlation and regression analysis tests via SPSS software. There was a significant correlation between the BIS and GCS scores at admission that as BIS increased in patients, the GCS score increased, too (P = 0.050). In addition, a significant relationship was found between the BIS scores at the admission and during tracheal intubation (P = 0.001). As in our study, the hemodynamic changes was very low and the BIS changes was lower than the GCS, we can understand that BIS is more indicative in showing hemodynamic changes and complications associated with tracheal intubation.

Today, breast cancer is most current cancer disease in women. The role of the aerobic training as preventive and adjuvant therapy in cancer is concerned. This study aimed to examine the effect of the aerobic training on the levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17), adiponectin and estradiol in women with breast cancer. 40 patients with breast cancer were randomly divided into two equal groups of exercise and control. The training group performed aerobic training for 8 weeks with intensity between 40 to 55 percent of target heart rate. 24 hours before the first and 48 hours after the last session of exercise protocol, blood samples were taken from both groups and serum levels of IL-17, adiponectin and estradiol were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 8 weeks of aerobic exercise training increased adiponectin (P = 0. 005) and decreased IL-17 (P = 0. 015) and estradiol (P < 0. 001) serum levels. The results of the present study suggested that levels of IL-17 and estradiol in response to aerobic training decreased but serum level of adiponectin as anti-inflammatory factor increased. ُSo, the exercise training can be an appropriate method for prevention and adjutant therapy in cancer.