مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 392 (هفته چهارم شهریور 1395)

Previous findings have suggested that combined caloric restriction and aerobic exercise training is better than aerobic exercise alone for improving metabolic indicators and visfatin levels in obese old women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise with and without caloric restriction on body composition and visfatin plasma levels in elderly postmenopausal women.
Sixteen elder postmenopausal women aged 60-80 years were randomized in one of the 3 groups of 20 subjects, diet plus aerobic exercise, aerobic exercise and diet only. In addition to the dietary program, subjects in diet plus aerobic exercise group performed an exercise training program of 25-45 minutes, 3 times a week with 50-70 percent of maximal heart rate for 12 weeks. Metabolic indicators including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and plasma levels visfatin were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis.
Findings: After 12 weeks of the intervention, significant decreases in TG, TC, LDL-C, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and visfatin plasma levels and increases in HDL-C were seen in the groups (P Exercise training with moderate caloric restriction diet induced a significant reduction of metabolic indicators and visfatin plasma levels in older postmenopausal women.

Cardiac vasoplegic syndrome is vasodilatory shock that occurs in half of the patients after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and increases mortality and morbidity rates in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of midodrine administration on vasoplegia during cardiac surgery.
The study included 71 patients undergone cardiac surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups and the intervention group received a tablet of 5 mg midodrine and control group received placebo one hour before the surgery. Vital signs in both groups during different levels of surgery were studied. The data were compared using t, chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests.
Findings: According to mean differences in patients’ vital signs in both groups before induction of anesthesia, we found that the mean difference in diastolic blood pressure after anesthesia (P = 0.004) and after pump (P = 0.009), dropped in the control group for 0.49 and 5.5 mmHg, respectively; while in the intervention group it was stable. Administered ephedrine was lower in intervention group (20.71 mg) than the control group (41.56 mg) (P = 0.001).
This study showed that systolic and diastolic blood pressures in patients receiving midodrine were greater than the control group during cardiac surgery. Midodrine stabilizes vital signs and reduces the risk of cardiac vasoplegic syndrome.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of sodium chloride 5 percent and methyl cellulose 2.5 percent in the treatment of corneal edema after cataract surgery using phacoemulosification method.
In a clinical trial study, 70 patients with corneal edema underwent phacoemulsification surgery. They were randomly divided in two groups of 35 patients. Sodium chloride 5 percent drop in the first group and methyl cellulose 2.5 drop in the second group were administered every three hours and corneal thickness was measured before and 1, 4, 8, 15 and 30 days after surgery and compared in the two groups.
Findings: No statistical difference between the two groups was found regarding decrease in corneal edema, but speed of decreasing was faster in methylcellulose group. At 4th day after the surgery, the amount of edema decreasing in sodium chloride group was 5.00 percent as well as 12.19 percent in methyl cellulose group and the difference between the two groups was significant (P Using of methyl cellulose 2.5 percent in treatment of corneal edema after cataract surgery with phacoemulosification method can decrease edema in shorter time than sodium chloride. So we recommend using of methyl cellulose if not contraindicated otherwise.

Osteoporosis is one of the most important and prevalent disease in geriatrics. Adolescence (13 to 18 years old) pregnancy is believed to be associated with osteoporosis. This study aimed to investigate this hypothesis.
94 postmenopausal women (64 subjects in group 1, with history of adolescence pregnancy, and 32 subjects in group 2, with negative history) were enrolled in the study. After initial assessment and collection of data, patients underwent measuring bone density using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) using T-score in L2-L4 vertebrae, neck of femur, trochanter, and hip recorded. These scores were compared between the two groups thereafter.
Findings: Mean age was not significantly different between the two groups (59.89 ± 6.57 versus 60.81 ± 7.84 years, respectively). Mean menopause age (51.52 ± 2.98 versus 49.5 ± 0.87 years, respectively) and body mass index (29.83 ± 4.64 versus 27.77 ± 0.51 kg/m2, respectively) were statistically higher in group 1. Comparing BMD and T-score between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference although the amounts were higher in group 2.
Few studies have investigated the association between adolescence pregnancy and osteoporosis and most of them have claimed that adolescence pregnancy predisposes postmenopausal osteoporosis. Although our results do not confirm previous findings, higher bone density in group 2 shows that by designing studies with larger sample size and fewer limitations, statistically significant association may be found.

One of the most important risk factors for mortality globally is physical inactivity. This study aimed to determine the relationship of physical activities on expressed health-related problems among adolescent girl students in Isfahan City, Iran.
In this study, correlation of physical activity and general health status of 360 girls aged 15 and 16 years was evaluated. General health status was evaluated based on standard Health Behaviour In School-Aged Children-Symptom Checklist (HBSC-SCL) questionnaire and physical activity was assessed on the credentials PACE . Data analysis was done using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis via SPSS software.
Findings: 86.8% of students did not have enough physical activity and 62.5% suffered from general health problems which were unrelated to the amount of physical activity based on the statistic data. The risk of headache in girls who did not get enough physical activity was 0.470, for dizziness 0.430, and for fatigue 0.478 times of those who had adequate physical activity; this relationship was significant. Breakfast had influence on public health (1.699) and significantly reduced headache, heartburn, fatigue and aggression. In addition, body mass index was associated with physical activity, too.
According to results of this study, there was a relationship between the physical activity and life style with health problems. Thus, suitable educational programs must be performed to improve life style especially eating breakfast and doing physical activity for improvement of general health status.