مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 394 (هفته دوم مهر 1395)

Microelements deficiency in patients with multiple trauma in intensive care units are very important and can lead to severe complications and increased mortality and morbidity rates in these patients. Magnesium has various roles in the body but a few studies demonstrated its relationship with inflammatory factors and their impact on mortality rate in critically ill patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the relation of serum level of magnesium at arrival to intensive care unit and inflammatory factors and mortality rate in patients with multiple trauma.
80 patients multiple with trauma hospitalized in intensive care unit of Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran, aged 16 to 85 years were included. Serum levels of magnesium, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin 1 (IL1), interleukin 33 (IL33), and interleukin 6 (IL6) were measured. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores were calculated for each patient. Pearson’s correlation test was used to analysis the relationship between these variables and serum level of magnesium.
Findings: All 80 patients were included in final analysis. Mean magnesium level was 33.0 ± 69.1 mg/dl; 46 and 34 patients (57.5 and 42.5 percents) had low and normal levels of magnesium, respectively. Pearson’s correlation test showed lower levels of IL1 and higher levels of platelet, and serum sodium and potassium and bilirubin and longer duration of ventilation in hypomagnesemic patients.
There is significant relationship between serum levels of IL1, sodium, bilirubin, and platelet, and duration of ventilation with serum level of magnesium and no relationship between and mortality rate of patients with multiple trauma and serum level of magnesium.

Several investigations have suggested that many factors affect the creation and perpetuation of morphine addiction such as exercise. Applying exercise with different lengths and types showed different effects on this addiction. This study aimed to assess the influence of four weeks of aerobic exercise on the desire to consume morphine in male rats.
This study was done on 24 male wistar rats divided into 4 equal groups of saline, morphine, saline-exercise and morphine-exercise. At first, the rats were trained to receive small pallets with pressing active lever in self-administration apparatus. Then, all animals were anaesthetized and the jugular vein was cannulated. After recovery, the animals were placed into the self-administration apparatus 2 hours a day for 11 days. The first 6-days, animals were food-restricted and the later 5 days, were without food restriction. The exercise groups ran on the treadmill for 4 weeks before surgery. Finally, the numbers of lever pressing were recorded and evaluated. After 11 days, withdrawal symptoms were measured.
Findings: The number of active lever pressing, and withdrawal symptoms were significantly difference among the groups; but there was no significant difference in number of passive lever pressing between the groups (P The results of this study showed that probably, aerobic exercise can prevent tendency to consumption of morphine and reduce withdrawal symptoms in rats. It is possible that exercise exerts the effect on morphine addiction via the dopamine system.

This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effect of dendrosomal nanocurcumin against Candida species and the effect of this on the expression of CaMCA1 and HSP90 genes, which may induce programmed cell death in fungal cells.
Sensitivity to curcumin and nanocurcumin in four candida species were evaluated according to CLSI (M27-S4) guideline. Then, the expression of HSP90 and CAMCA1 genes of the treated cells with dendrosomal Nanocorcumin was examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.
Findings: The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) level of nanocurcumin was 1 mg/ml for Candida krusei and 0.5 mg/ml for other strains. The RT-PCR results revealed the increasing of the expression of CAMCA1 gene. This expression was significant in Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis while no increasing was observed in Candida krusei. The expression of HSP90 gene was decreased in Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis and was without any change in other strains.
The results of current study showed that nanocurcumin is a more efficient antifungal agent compared with curcumin. The antifungal effect is through induction of apoptosis in yeast and increasing in gene expression confirms the mechanism of apoptosis. In this study, it was observed that this effect is due to increasing in gene expression CaMCA1. Decrease and no change in gene expression of HSP90 showed that nanocorcumin does not impose antifungal effects through this gene.

Macrosomia is a risk factor for adverse delivery outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of macrosomia among singleton life-birth, and identify factors associated with it.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 4342 pregnant women who gave singleton live-birth in Tehran province, Iran, during 6-21 July 2015. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire through interview with mothers and review of their medical records. To identify factor associated with macrosomia, logistic regression model was used.
Findings: The macrosomia rate was 3.4% in this study. In univariate analysis, higher maternal age, height, body mass index, gestational age, birth order and history of stillbirth and male infant sex were associated with macrosomia. Moreover, multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between macrosomia and higher height, body mass index, gestational age, birth order and male infant sex.
According to the results, factors such as mother’s age, height, body mass index, and gestational age, birth order and male infant sex were associated with macrosomia. Considering these factors could be effective in determining at-risk neonates and reducing maternal-infant side-effects of macrosomia.

Aqueous extract of pineapple (Bromelain) is used in medicine. Bromelain has anticancer effect on leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma and melanoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anticancer effect of bromelain on mouse breast cancer (4T1) cells under in-vitro conditions.
Mouse breast cancer (4T1) cells were incubated with different concentrations of the bromelain for 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The growth-inhibitory was investigated via 3 (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s tests were used to evaluate the statistical significance of the difference between the experimental and control groups.
Findings: Bromelain significantly inhibited proliferation of 4T1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In all concentrations, cell viability decreased with respect to the control incubated cells in the absence of extract (P Results showed that bromelain has cytotoxic effects on the growth and proliferation of 4T1 cells for 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation. This study is ongoing to assess the extract mechanism of action.