مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 431 (هفته سوم تیر 1396)

Eukaryotic cells have membrane organelles. Due to the high prevalence of toxoplasmosis and lack of effective drugs especially on dormant cystic stages, we aimed adding small interfering RNA (siRNA) in culture medium on the proliferation period of microorganism in order to transmit siRNA into the tachyzoite of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) named addition before barrier arise style (ABBAS).
T. gondii was proliferated in mouse. Based on dihydrofolate reductase gene sequence, was designed siRNA using in-silico method. The flow cytometry method was used to estimate the transmission rate of tagged siRNA into the parasite. Statistical analysis was accomplished using SPSSsoftware.
Findings: The transmission rate of tagged siRNA into the parasite was 73% using ABBAS. The mean death time of siRNA-treated mice was approximately 2 days later than control group.
T. gondii possess an inner membrane complex (IMC). Probably success of this method in passing more siRNA into the cytoplasm of tachyzoites is due to the fact that siRNA molecule enters the cell prior to absolute formation of the membrane or when the membrane possesses larger pores.

Soil contamination with parasites is a serious risk for parasitic infections in humans and animals. Because of the importance of soil, as an important source for transmission of parasites to humans and animals, this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of various forms of parasite oocytes and helminthes ova.
A total of 150 soil samples were collected from 150 sites in public places of Isfahan City, Iran, in 2016. Isolation of parasites from the soil was performed by saturated solution of sodium nitrate. Then, the samples were observed under microscope and positive isolates to sporulation and better recognize, were poured in 3% potassium dichromate. All the isolates were studied for further investigations with acid-fast specific staining.
Findings: from 150 samples, 84 were positive and the rest were free of any contamination. 33 samples had multiple simultaneous contaminations. 2 samples were positive for Toxoplasma gondii oocytes, 12 samples for Isospora sp. oocytes, 6 samples for Eimeria sp. oocytes, 10 samples for Cryptosporidium sp. oocytes, 13 samples for Toxocara canis oocytes, 6 samples for Toxocara cati oocytes, 4 samples for Toxascaris leonina oocytes, and 65 samples for larvae of soil nematodes.
Soil is considered as an important potential source in transmission of parasitic infections. Environmental hygiene is required for prevention of soil pollution and control of soil-borne parasitic infections especially. According to our study, the prevalence of parasites in the soil is decreased.

Following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), T3 level reduces and this situation can affect the function of cardiovascular system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oral levothyroxine on need for inotropic agents and bleeding in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.
In this randomized clinical trial study, 70 patients undergoing CABG randomly divided into two groups. The case group received oral levothyroxine (20 mg: the first dose at the night before surgery and the followings two hours after intensive care unit (ICU) admission and then every 12 hours for 24 hours, a total of 4 doses) and the control group received placebo with the same dose. Hemoglobin levels, requirement to inotropic agents, occurrence of bleeding, and volume of hemorrhage and blood products consumption were determined and compared between the two groups.
Findings: No significant differences were detected between the groups in the need for inotropic agents, blood hemoglobin, bleeding, and blood products consumption. But, blood loss volume in the intensive care unit was significantly less in the case group compared to the placebo group (P = 0.005).
Our study showed that administration of oral levothyroxine is associated with lower volume of blood loss in intensive care unit; but caused no significant decrease in the need for inotropic support.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of deep vitrectomy surgery at the Feiz Ophthalmology center in Isfahan, Iran.
This was a retrospective descriptive study on patients underwent deep vitrectomy in Feiz Medical Center during 2011 to 2015. Reviewing patient's medical records and information including demographic data was done and the data were analyzed.
Findings: In this study, 2437 patients undergoing deep vitrectomy were reviewed, with a mean age of 54.25 ± 17.40 years, of them, 56.4% were men. 35.2% and 37.2% of patients had visual acuity of hand motion and counting fingers, respectively. Vitrectomy was performed in right eye in 49.2% of the patients. The most common cause of vitrectomy was proliferative diabetic retinopathy (35.3%), followed by retinal detachment (29.3%). 7.5% of patients had a history of previous vitrectomy.
Deep vitrectomy surgery is common in ophthalmology centers and is more common in men, and in the age category of 50-70 years. Generally, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinal detachment were the most common causes of deep vitrectomy in this study.

The incidence of colon cancers is more than any other types of malignancies; however, they have severe symptoms and poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the survival and recurrence rate among patients with colon cancers reffered to Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran, during 2001-2010.
This study was performed on 100 patients. Hospital records were used to gather information about each patient and in cases with missing information about their current status, patient's address or phone number were used to resolve the shortcomings. Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the survival rate and log rank test to compare survival rates.
Findings: 36 patients (36%) were women and 64 (64%) were men. One-year and 5-year survival was 89% and 47%, respectvely. Moreover, 54% of patients were alive and mean and median survival time was 57.78 and 62.00 months (4.81 and 5.17 years), respectvely. It was also found that only receiving chemotherapy after surgery and local recurrence had significant impact on survival (P This study showed that disease stage, chemotherapy after surgery, local recurrence, and lymph node involvement are effective on patient's survival. Therefore, early diagnosis and combined treatment could increase survival rate in patients with colon cancers.