مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 464 (هفته چهارم اسفند 1396)

Solamargine is one of asteroid-glycoalkaloids existing in Solanum nigrum Linn. Different studies have shown the cytotoxic effects of solamargine on the wide various cancer cell types. Angiogenesis is the factor that helps invasion and metastasis of tumors. Therefore, inhibition of angiogenesis is the target of many clinical treatments. In this study, we evaluated the effects of solamargine on inhibition of angiogenesis.
The effects of solamargine on the angiogenesis was assessed using chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model that is a known method for studying angiogenesis in vivo. So, Ross fertilized eggs were divided into five groups including control, sham exposed [treated by phosphate buffered saline (PBS)], and treated with various concentrations of solamargine (5, 10, and 20 µM). At the end of each experiment, chicken chorioallantoic membranes were photographed by research photostereomicroscope, and the number and length of vessels were measured.
Findings: Solmargine could significantly decrease the number and length of vessels in a dose-dependent manner. As, the most inhibitory was seen by solmargine 20 µM (number: 5.31 ± 1.80, length: 60.88 ± 7.31 µm) in compare with control group (number: 23.88 ± 2.67, length: 119.39 ± 8.87 µm).
The results proposed that solmrgine has significant inhibitory effects on the angiogenesis.

Kidney transplantation is the most absolute approach for treatment of end-stage renal disease. Transplantation from a living donor has better outcomes and less rate of acute rejection in comparison to brain-death donors. Iran is the only country in which kidney vending is legal. In this study, we have aimed to assess depression, anxiety, and stress in kidney vendors and compare with control group.
This case-control study was conducted in centers affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, during 2016-2017. 85 living donors were included as cases, and 84 age- and education-matched persons as controls. The questionnaire of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) was filled by both groups and demographics were recorded. Data were analyzed through using Student t and chi-square tests via SPSS software.
Findings: Kidney donors and controls were not different in terms of age (P = 0.133), marital status (P = 0.105), number of kids (P = 0.091), and level of education (P = 0.264), but members of two groups were different in terms of income and occupation (P Income level and type of occupation were effective factors on decision making of kidney vending in kidney vendors. Anxiety level was significantly higher in kidney vendors in comparison to control group in this study. It is recommended to find sources etiology in further studies.

Hemostasis is a hemodynamic process in which the platelet play a major role. Platelet transfusion is one of the effective treatments in patients with thrombocytopenia, which has been increased during the recent decades. There is limited data regard the factors that influence the amount of increase in platelet levels in patients with thrombocytopenia who undergo platelet transfusion.
35 patients with thrombocytopenia who underwent platelet transfusion in Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran, between the years 2012 and 2014 were enrolled. Platelet levels were measured 1 hour before and 24 hour after platelet transfusion. Changes in platelet levels were evaluated considering demographic and clinical characteristics of patients.
Findings: The average platelet count after platelet transfusion was significantly higher than before it (P = 0.001). Gender, splenomegaly, fever, and receiving heparin had significant effect on the change in platelet count (P Variable factors could influence the efficacy of platelet transfusion in patients with thrombocytopenia. Future prospective studies with enough sample sizes are needed in order to warrantee the results.

This study aimed to identify the relative frequency of some of the most important complications of prematurity in a population of about 1,000 of premature newborns in Isfahan City, Iran, in order to use it for further decisions.
This cross-sectional study was done between the years 2012 and 2017 in university hospitals in Isfahan City. Information of 1000 premature infants with weight of less than 1500 grams were collected and demographic variables such as gestational age at birth, birth weight, and infant's gender, as well as prematurity complications such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), chronic lung disease (CLD), and neonatal sepsis were recorded and analyzed.
Findings: The mean gestational age at birth was 30.19 ± 2.26 weeks. The mean birth weight in the study population was 1223.96 ± 227.77 grams. 798 newborns (79.8%) had respiratory distress syndrome which also had the most prevalence frequency. Furthermore, the number of newborns who had chronic lung disease was 80 (8.0%), with the lowest prevalence. Patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis was seen in 14.1, 12.6, 8.5, and 20.6 percent of newborns, respectively.
We demonstrated that alongside the low death rates in this study, managing disorders related to prematurity period should be considered more, especially caring for respiratory management should be considered remarkably since respiratory distress syndrome stands as the most prevalent disease among premature newborns. Efforts also should be made to reduce the number of diseases such as intraventricular hemorrhage that worsen the prognosis.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are special antigen-presenting cells that are important for activation of immune response and tolerance. Dendritic cells have been divided in two subtypes of conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Autoimmune diseases are characterized by break down in immune tolerance. Current therapeutic approaches for treatment of autoimmune diseases are based on nonspecific agents. These agents often cause serious side effects. By advances in understanding phenotype and function of dendritic cells, several protocols have been described for in-vitro generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs). Tolerogenic dendritic cells play an important role in maintenance of immunological tolerance via anergy, generation of regulatory T lymphocyte population, or deletion of autoreactive T cells. Important insight gain from in-vitro studies and animal models have led to the development of clinical use of tolerogenic dendritic cells for treating autoimmune diseases. In this review, we describe the different agents and mechanisms for generating tolerogenic dendritic cells, and applying them for induction of specific tolerance and suppressing autoimmune response in animal models and clinical trials. At the end of this review, we discuss the challenge faced in further developing of tolerogenic dendritic cell therapy in autoimmunity.