مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 475 (هفته سوم خرداد 1397)

The aim of this study was to compare the body image in two groups of patients with obesity, undergoing gastric bypass surgery and Sleeve gastrectomy.
This descriptive study was performed on 126 morbid obese patients (two groups of 63), who underwent gastric bypass and Sleeve gastrectomy procedures from January 2017 to October 2017 at Alzahra Medical Training Center in Isfahan, Iran. Body image of all patients was assessed preoperatively and 6 months after the surgery using Multidimensional Body Self-Relation Questionnaire. All data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Findings: Paired t test indicated that the mean of total body image score increased significantly in both groups after the surgery (P The mean total body image score was significantly improved at 6 months postoperatively. But in long term, following more weight loss and flabby or loose skin, their body image would change or decrease consequently. Therefore, it is recommended to follow up these patients in a longer periods.

Hemodialysis is one of the most significant alternatives for kidney transplantation which is dependent on efficient vascular access. Compared to arteriovenous fistulas (AVF), these catheters increase the risk of bacteremia more than 10 times. Infection is the second cause of death in patients under hemodialysis, and the cause of 30-60 percent of the central venous catheter replacement. To prevent catheter infection, foremost, we have to distinguish the risk factors and their effects. The plastic adhesive drape is used extensively to prevent the bacterial transmission from skin to the surgical site. Sterile drape utilization is a controversial discussion and there is no convincing evidence for disinfectant effect yet. Our purpose was is to investigate the sterile drape utilization to reduce the incidence of central venous catheter infection.
A prospective randomized single-blind clinical trial was done. 80 internal jugular veins were embedded in two groups of 40 people (with and without sterile drape). The 2 groups were followed regarding the evidence of early infection.
Findings: In the with sterile drape group, two patients on the third visit complained about redness of the catheter exit site, and in the without sterile drape group, one person on the third visit complained about secretion of the catheter exit site. No evidence of infection was detected by the physician. In without sterile drape group, one blood culture was done which was negative. No correlation was found between age, sex, weight, and the levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) with the incidence of infection.
In our research, utilization of sterile drape did not have any significant effect on reduction of catheter early infection.

Colorectal cancer is the third cancer which results in death in western countries. Some of the risk factors of this cancer are age, inadequate diet, obesity, inactivity, genetic changes, etc. Considering the relationship between genetic changes with colorectal cancer is the subject of recent studies, and one of the subjects which have been focused is T241M polymorphism in Xrcc3 gene.
In this case-control study, 90 patients with colorectal cancer and 83 healthy people were included. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, and genotype distribution in the region of polymorphism was studied. By designing of primers, the considered area was amplified and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) method.
Findings: We observed the association between T241M polymorphism and colorectal cancer. Besides, there was a meaningful relationship between aging and family history with this cancer. On the other hand, smoking was not associated with colon cancer, but it also showed a significant role in the incidence and metastasis of rectal cancer.
The relationship between T241M polymorphism and increased risk of colorectal cancer, along with family history of cancer, old age, and smoking were reported as risk factors for colorectal cancer. Therefore, the results of this research can show the need for further investigation in subsequent studies.

One of the complications after cataract surgery is pruritus. In this study for the first time, the effects of intravenous injection of ondansetron, propofol, and dexamethasone on reducing the incidence of pruritus after cataract surgery were compared with the control group.
In this clinical trial study, patients were randomly divided into four groups of dexamethasone, ondansetron, propofol, and normal saline for intravenous infusion. After entering the recovery for up to 6 hours, the patient was asked about itching, nausea, and vomiting. Information was compared between the four groups.
Findings: The level of pruritus around the eyes during 0 to 1 hour after the surgery was significantly lower in the ondansetron and dexamethasone groups than others (P Propofol plays a major role in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Ondansetron is effective in reducing nausea and vomiting and itching after the surgery. Dexamethasone is also effective in reducing pruritus around the eyes after the surgery. It is recommended to do more researches with more samples in addition to eliminating the limitations.

Jujube is a medicinal plant, with strong antioxidant properties that is consumed in worldwide as food and medicine. Recent studies indicate that jujube extracts can suppress inflammation and reduce oxidative stress. Considering that brain ischemia is the third most common cause of death in developed countries, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of juvenile neuronal protection against stroke-induced damage on the blood-brain barrier, and the activity of two anti-oxidants, glutathione peroxidase and catalase.
In this experimental study, 15 groups of 7 Wistar male rats were used as follows: 2 control groups of saline, 2 sham groups, 2 groups of stroke, and control and stroke groups at doses of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day of jujube extract. After 30 days of oral administration, the animals were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 60 minutes. After 24 hours of reperfusion, the activity levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase were investigated in the areas of cortex and hippocampus; the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was investigated as well.
Findings: Oral administration of jujube extract at the dose of 250 mg/kg/day reduced the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in stroke model. Doses of 500 and 250 mg/kg/day of jujube in the cortex and hippocampus, and the dose of 100 mg/kg/day in the hippocampus increased catalase activity.
The results of this study clearly show that jujube has a significant potential for stroke prevention.