Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Volume:24 Issue: 5, Sep - Oct 2017

There is still no finding available that can show the malignant clinical course in patients with middle cerebral artery stroke. The aim of this study was to compare Doppler ultrasound findings in patients with malignant and non-malignant middle cerebral artery stroke in order to obtain its prognostic value in detecting malignant course.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 patients with acute ischemic stroke in Shafa University Hospital Kerman, Iran, 2017. All patients were admitted within 24 hours of onset of symptoms, and brain CT-scan was performed to confirm ischemic stroke. If more than 50% of the middle cerebral artery showed signs of hypo density, it was considered massive MCA infarction (MMI), while others were excluded. In the first 24 hours, trans cranial Doppler ultrasound was performed for all patients. Patients were then examined until discharge or death. If the case of fixed unilateral mydriasis in the clinical course or a displacement of more than 5 mm in septum pellucidum in the control CT-scan on days 3 to 7 (depending on the changes in the consciousness level), m-MCAI was diagnosed. Data were analyzed using SPSS.
In the malignant cases, the mean PSV and MFV in MCA in the contralateral side of the lesion were significantly higher than the non-malignant cases. A significant increase in mean PSV and MFV in ACA in the contralateral side of the lesion was found in malignant compared to non-malignant cases (P=0.01). Significant difference was observed in terms of mean RI of ICA of contralateral side of the lesion between malignant and non-malignant cases (P=0.02).
Our study showed increase in PSV and MFV in MCA and ACA in the contralateral side of the lesion in cases that lead to malignancy, which can be helpful in identifying early cases that advance to malignancy.

The determinant role of different movements to strengthen the quadriceps on rate of knee joint co-contraction, hamstring to quadriceps muscle activity ratio and vastus medialis to vastus lateralis muscle activity ratio provides useful information for therapists, coaches and athletes about the role of each movement in the rehabilitation of patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury, osteoarthritis and patellofemoral pain syndrome. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of the generalised and directed co-contraction of knee joint muscles during free weights squat, smith machine squat, smith machine squat with one leg and the dead lift movements.
14 healthy power lifters (age: 26±7 years) were participated in this study.A portable EMG system with six pairs of bipolar surface electrodes was used to record the activity of the gastrocnemious medialis, long head of biceps femoris, semitendinosus, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and vastus medialis muscles at a sampling frequency of 1200 HZ. Participants had enough experience to perform free weights squat, smith machine squat, smith machine squat with one leg and the dead lift movements. Participants carried out each movement 5 times at an intensity equal to 50% of one-repetition-maximum level. Repeated-measure ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis.
Rate of medial co-contraction in dead lift movement was higher than that in smith machine squat with one leg (P= 0.042), and free weights squat (P= 0.044), respectively. Ratio of hamstring muscles activity to quadriceps during the implementation of dead lift was higher than that in free weights squat (P=0.022). The generalised co-contraction value at the knee joint was the lowest in dead lift movement and highest in smith machine squat with one leg.
In order to strengthen quadriceps muscles in people suffering from anterior cruciate injury, dead lift movement is more effective than free weights squat. For athletes exercising to strengthen muscular groups, smith machine squat with one leg is more effective compared with the other three movements.

Defense mechanisms represent a crucial component of our capacity to maintain emotional homeostasis. The present study is carried out with the purpose of determining the predictability of psychological health and sport success by defense mechanisms used by elite athletes.
A sample of 385 (285 male and 100 female) elite athletes were chosen in 2014. Participants completed Mental Health Inventory (MHI), Sport Success Scale and Defense Style Questionnaire. Analysis of the data involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including Pierson’s correlation and multivariate regression analyses.
The results revealed that there were significant positive relationship between mature defense mechanisms with psychological wellbeing and sport success. Also there were significant negative relationship between neurotic defense mechanisms and immature defense mechanisms with psychological wellbeing and sport success, while the neurotic defense mechanisms were significantly associated with distress psychological. The results of regression analysis showed that psychological wellbeing could be predicted by mature and neurotic defense mechanisms. Also sport success could be predicted by immature and neurotic defense mechanisms.
It can be concluded that psychological health components and sport success are influenced by defense mechanisms through self-regulating processes which operate with the aim of reducing cognitive discrepancies and minimizing sudden changes. Therefore, modification of defense mechanisms can improve mental quality of life and sport success in athletes.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease in Iran. The pentavalent antimonials as first-line drugs are losing efficacy because of side effects, disease relapse and drug resistance. Application of Lucilia sericata larvae (maggot therapy) to diabetic and refractory wounds approved to be satisfactory for accelerating healing process. In this study, therapeutic effects of L. sericata maggot was evaluated in vivo against leishmanial ulcer using BALB/c mice as animal model.
Female BALB/c mice were inoculated with promastigotes at the base of tails and kept for 28 days until the emergence of early ulcers. The mice were then underwent 4 treatments as follows: Glucantime alone, Glucantime plus maggots, maggot alone and positive control. The control and treated mice were monitored for a period of 5 weeks during which the wound diameters were measured and recorded on a weekly basis. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and ANOVA T- test.
Statistical analysis showed significant difference (P Maggot therapy accelerated closure and healing process of leishmanial wounds in BALB/c mice and appeared promising as a new combinatorial therapeutics for leishmaniasis. However, further clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of maggot therapy modalities for leishmanial lesion care.

Attention impairments are the hallmark feature of subclinical depression. The present study used Navon task to compare the allocation of attention to the local and global stimuli in depressed and nondepressed participants.
The primary sample included 186 female high school students from Shiraz city who were selected using cluster sampling. The final sample included 145 participants with a stable mood during two-week mood monitoring (75 nondepressed and 70 depressed). A computerized version of Navon task was used to measure attention to local and global stimuli.
Depressed participants showed relatively faster reaction times to the global stimuli than to the local stimuli when compared with those in the nondepressed group, which implies a more global scope of attention.
Findings are discussed in line with the available conceptualizations of attention changes in depression. In addition, the results are explained in terms of the defocused attention hypothesis and functional perspective of depressed mood.

Infants and young children are the most vulnerable group to malnutrition. Malnutrition can cause child growth disorders. Child growth measurement is a basic instrument to measure the child malnutrition. This study was conducted to determine the malnutrition prevalence in children 2-6 years of age in Kerman rural kindergartens.
The current study is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 1154 of children under 6 year old. Weight and height was measured using standard instrument and method. Data entry was performed by SPSS 18. It is advised to assess child growth in developing countries by using WHO Anthro software. So, weight, height and BMI for age indicators was calculated by WHO Anthro software based on Z-score. To data analysis t-test and x2 test were applied.
1154 children. (597 boys and 557 girls, mean age of 58.4±10 months) were evaluated. Sever, medium and mild stunting (defined as height for age below the -1Z-score) prevalence was observed in 1.6%, 5.5% and 19.1% of children respectively. Sever, medium and mild underweight (defined as weight for age below the -1Z-score) prevalence was observed in 0.7%, 6.7% and 26% respectively. Sever, medium and mild wasting (defined as BMI for age below the -1Z-score) prevalence was observed in 1.3%, 9.5% and 25.6% respectively. Overweight (defined as BMI for age above the score) and obesity (defined as BMI for age above the score) was observed in 4.5% and 2.4% respectively. No significant difference of malnutrition prevalence was observed between boys and girls (p>0.05).
The study results show that underweight and wasting prevalence in studied children based on WHO criteria is high. So emphasis on more efforts to reduce malnutrition in rural children of Kerman. It should be considered as a health priority in this community.

Thromboembolism is an acute cardiovascular disease that ranges from clinically unimportant to massive embolism. Both acquired and hereditary risk factors contribute to the disease.
We aimed to determine the prevalence of two hereditary predisposing factor of the disease, prothrombin G20210A and factor V Leiden (G1691A) polymorphisms, in Kerman population.
factor V and factor II genes of 112 healthy individuals were examined to detect factor V Leiden (G1691A) and prothrombin G20210A variants. Genomic DNA of subjects was isolated from leukocytes of the whole blood using salt-saturation method. We used amplification refractory mutation system technique to find G1691A and G20210A variations.
We found two subjects with prothrombin G20210A mutation and three individuals with factor V Leiden variant, both in heterozygote state. The frequency of the polymorphisms were 1.79 and 2.68, respectively. No homozygote or compound heterozygote individual was detected for these two variants in this study.
our findings about the polymorphisms frequency were different from what was detected in other provinces of Iran or in some region of neighboring countries. This discrepancy of the variant frequency can be explained by gene flow phenomenon.

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases. Topical antibiotics and retinoids are the first-line therapy in mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Due to increased resistance of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) to topical antibiotics, searching for new formulations of drug release such as niosomes is considered in order to increase efficacy and decrease drug resistance. This study compared the efficacy of niosomal erythromycin4% versus combination of erythromycin 4% and zinc acetate 1.2% in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris.
In this double-blind clinical trial, 70 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris of both genders aged between 12 to 30 years were included. The patients were evaluated by counting of the lesions and assessment of quality of life during the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks.
At the end of the study, 40% and 66.6% of the patients in niosomal erythromycin group showed a reduction in the number of non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions, respectively. These percent for erythromycin and zinc acetate group were 46.6% and 63.3%. One hundred percent of excellent response (8 out of 30 patients) was observed in niosomal group (P=0.002). A significant improvement in the quality of life was also observed in niosomal group (P=0.001). Side effects were much less severe in the niosomal group than control group.
The results showed that niosomal erythromycin has higher efficacy and less severe side effects in comparison with combination of erythromycin and zinc acetate.

Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a benign primary bone neoplasm that usually occurre in the long bones. The skull is affected in only 1% of cases, predominantly in the sphenoid and temporal bones. Maxillary sinus involvement is exceedingly rare. The case is a 26 year-old man presented with history of gradually increasing swelling in the right side of face without any history of trauma or systemic disorders. Based on history, clinical examination and paraclinical finding biopsy was done and pathology report was giant cell lesion.

Using herbs for the treatment of diseases has a long history. Chelidonium majus from the family of Papaveraceae is one of the best-known and most widely used herbs used in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to review its active components, as well as its therapeutic and toxic effects on body tissues.
This short overview was done by searching for relevant contents in many databases including: Magiran, Iran medex, IranDoc, SID, Medlib, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. All articles that met the inclusion criteria were studied and evaluated.
The various compounds available in the plant such as: alkaloids, flavonoids, and opioid derivatives, as well as its ability to produce nitric oxide(NO) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF) and its multiple capabilities in affecting the activities of various body tissues in hepatic, renal, neurological, reproductive and hormonal systems have made it a leading plant in the listofmedicinalherbs.The levels of the active compounds in the plants are influenced by location, altitude, ambient temperature and harvest time, a fact which partly justifies the controversial reports on the effects of this extract on body tissues.
Because of the multiplicity and diversity of its active ingredients, Chelidonium majus has the potential to be used for the diagnosis, treatment and control of hard to treat diseases (HTDS). However, it is recommended to do more research on its mechanism and its possible adverse effects.