Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Volume:22 Issue: 3, 2015

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic multipotant cells, which multiply through attaching to culture plates. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are inherent immune sensors and regulators of immunomodulatory activities of MSCs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of zymosan on stem cell polarization into anti-inflammatory phenotypes through the production of nitric oxide and apoptosis induction in activated T cells. In this study, MSCs were isolated from mice femur and tibia bone marrow and incubated for 24 hours. Isolation of MSCs with a tendency to stick to the flask was performed during the renewing of the medium. MSCs were grown to 70 percentage of confluence in the medium, and then, they were stimulated with TLR2 agonist (5 and 25 µg/ml doses) and incubated with 5% carbon dioxide for 1 and 12 hours in 37? C. Supernatant medium was collected to measure nitric oxide production using Graise test. Percentage of apoptosis in activated T cells was measured using anti-CD3PE, acridin orange/propidium iodide (PI/AO) staining and flow cytometry. We found that the rate of apoptosis in activated T cells increased significantly in cells incubated with a 5 µg/ml dose of zymosan for 1 hour in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant increase was observed in nitric oxide production of cells treated with the same dose for 12 hours (P < 0.05). Based on these results, we can conclude that different doses, TLR agonist type, and duration of incubation impact nitric oxide production and apoptosis rate in activated T cells.

Metabolic syndrome is composed of interrelated cardiovascular and cardiometabolic risk factors. Moreover, recent researches have illustrated the association of systemic diseases and periodontitis. Thus, the early diagnosis of this syndrome, as a cardiometabolic risk factor, seems necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with periodontal disease. In this cross-sectional study, 900 subjects from the data bank of the Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Study (KERCADRS), Iran, were assessed. The community periodontal index (CPI) was used as the evaluation tool for periodontal treatment needs and health condition. The control group consisted of healthy individuals. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with periodontal disease was significantly higher than the healthy group (53.6% vs. 33.1%, P < 0.001). High waist circumference, triglyceride disorder, high fasting blood sugar (FBS), and high blood pressure were significantly higher in patients with periodontal disease (P < 0.05). After controlling the effect of confounding variables (age, gender and BMI), the adjusted odds ratio of existence of periodontal pockets were 1.58 (95% CI: 1.1-2.2, P = 0.012) for metabolic syndrome patients. Our results showed a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among patients with periodontal disease. Therefore, screening these patients for cardiovascular disease risk factors is suggested.

Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is the leading cause of preterm birth and perinatal mortality and morbidity, and complications. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of progesterone agents (rectal suppositories and weekly injection of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate) on latency period in women with PPROM. This randomized, double-blind study included 171 pregnant women with PPROM between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. The participants were randomized into 3 groups; 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (n = 57), rectal progesterone (n = 57), no treatment (n = 102). The first group was administered rectal progesterone 400 mg daily, second group 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate 250 mg weekly, and the third group was not administered any medicine. The 3 groups were followed until delivery. All groups were compared in terms of latency period duration, gestational age and weight at delivery, chorioamnionitis, neonatal infections, neonatal and fetal mortality, and sepsis. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Gestational age at the time of rupture of membranes (P = 0.664) and parity (P = 0.275) were similar in the 3 groups. The duration of the latency period was significantly longer among the progesterone groups (P = 0.006) compared with the no treatment group. The 3 groups were significantly different in terms of gestational age at delivery (P = 0.378), mode of delivery (P = 0.845), birth weight (P = 0.185), admission at neonatal intensive-care unit) NICU ((P = 0.336), and chorioamnionitis prevalence (P = 0.915). Progesterone agents may prolong the latency period in women with PPROM, but its effect on pregnancy outcome is uncertain. Further randomized trials are required to determine the effect of this treatment on pregnancy outcome.

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an aggressive malignant tumor arising from parafollicular cells of the thyroid. MTC occurs in hereditary (25%, hMTC) or sporadic (75%, sMTC) forms. The hMTC form has an autosomal dominant inheritance. RET proto-oncogene mutations, especially the 10, 11, and 16 exones, are associated with MTC. The aim of this study was to determine the type and frequency of RET proto-oncogene exon 10 in patients with MTC. The study participants included 347 individuals, including 207 patients and 140 of their first degree relatives. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes using salting out/Proteinase K method. All individuals were tested for RET mutations in exon 10 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)- DNA sequencing method. A total of 14 germline missense RET mutations were identified in cysteine codons 611, 618, and 620 in 11 patients (10 mutation in males, 4 in females), and 3 of their first-degree relatives (frequency: 3.6%) which were as follows: four C611Y (three FMTC, one relative), one C618R (FMTC), one C618S (sMTC), one C620G (sMTC), four C620R (one FMTC, three sMTC), and three C620F (one FMTC, two relatives). The most predominant mutations in exon 10 in our FMTC and sMTC patients were C611Y and C620R, respectively. We did not find any mutations in cysteine codon 609. In the present study, 6 different types of missense mutations were identified in exon 10 of RET in the nonsyndromic form of MTC. Based on the results of this study, mutation detection using DNA sequencing in exons 10, 11, and 16 of RET in patients with MTC and their relatives is recommended.

Serum progesterone level (as early as 4 weeks gestation) reflects the relation between embryo and corpus luteum. The purpose of the present study was to compare serum progesterone level on day 14 after embryo transfer among 3 groups of patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles; normal pregnancy (viable intrauterine pregnancy), abnormal pregnancy (miscarriage, ectopic, and biochemical pregnancy), or nonpregnant. In the present study, 103 patients undergoing ICSI, were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into 3 groups according to pregnancy outcome; normal pregnancy, abnormal pregnancy, and nonpregnant. Baseline and stimulation characteristics and day 14 progesterone level of patients were compared among groups. Day 14 serum progesterone levels were significantly different among groups; 54.3 ng/ml in normal pregnancy, 39.8 ng/ml in abnormal pregnancy, and 26.2 ng/ml in nonpregnant groups (P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed among the groups in terms of age (P = 0.081), BMI (P = 0.247), baseline follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (P = 0.133), and baseline anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) (P = 0.576), male factor infertility (P = 0.790), total number of retrieved oocyte (P = 0.891), metaphase II oocytes (P = 0.918), and estradiol level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) or human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) administration (P = 0.838). We determined the 39.5 ng/ml progesterone concentration as the cut-off point with 62% sensitivity and 69% specificity. Despite using the same dose of progesterone supplements, day 14 serum progesterone level was significantly higher in women who achieved normal pregnancy after ICSI compared with others.

Secondary caries is one of the most common problems in restorative dentistry. The release of flouride ions could substantially benefit the tooth enamel and neigboring dentin because flourid can combat caries. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the solubility rate and release of fluoride from tooth-colored restorative materials (Iono CID, Fuji II LC, FugiIX, FugiII Glass iomomers and Pekalite, Z100, and Maxxion composits) in acid and deionized water environment. In the present study, 6 fluoride-containing and 1 non-fluoride-containing restorative material were used. From each material, 10 specimens were prepared. The amount of fluoride released was measured for 10 weeks using a special electrode and TISAB III buffer. Water absorption and solubility in water were calculated as a percentage of primary dry weight. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and ANOVA. All materials showed the highest fluoride release rate in the first week; this rate decreased gradually. The highest fluoride release rate was observed in Fuji II LC and the highest solubility and water sorption rate in Iono CID. A significant statistical difference was observed between Pekalite composite and the other materials in terms of fluoride release in water and acid environment (P < 0.001). A significant statistical difference was observed between water absorption rate of Z100 composite and other materials in this study (P < 0.001). A significant statistical difference was observed between solubility rate of Z100 composite and Iono CID (P = 0.050). The results from this study showed that fluoride release, solubility, and water absorption rate depend on material type. Since, there was a significant statistical difference between light-cured glass ionomers and self-cured glass ionomers, using this material in similar conditions is recommended.

Themajor objective of root canal treatment is to disinfect the entire root canal system, which requires that all contents of the root canal system be eliminated as possible sources of infection. This goal may be accomplished using mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation. To reduce or eliminate bacteria various irrigation solutions have been applied during the treatment. This research aimed to determine thecytotoxicity of calcium hydroxide powder as compared with calcium hydroxide reinforced with chlorhexidine. This study was carried out using on experimental-laboratory method on L929 fibroblasts based on cell culture and the direct effect of materials on cell line culture. The material to be tested were evaluated every 1,12,24,48and 72 hours by MTT(Metheyltetrazilium bromide) test.In this study L929 cells which not treated with any materials were used as negative control.The data related to the given materials were read by Elias(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) instrument. And then were analyzed with SPSS software and one-way ANOVA. Both materials in 0.016 up to 0.00025 concentrations suppressed proliferation. There was a significant difference in various dilutions and different time periods (1,12,24,48,72 hours)(p<0.05).Calcium hydroxide reinforced with chlorhexidineand calcium hydroxide powderin 0.016 concentration and 72 hour showed 75% and 45% cell cytotoxicity,respectively. Cell cytotoxicity of calcium hydroxide reinforced with chlorhexidine is more than that of other materials. Since calcium hydroxide reinforced with chlorhexidine have a higher antimicrobial effect,it is cautiously recommended as a sealing material between treatment(provided that it slightly penetrate to periapical tissues)

Tibia fractures are the most common long bone fracture. Due to minimal soft tissue and its blood supply, inadequate treatment of injuries could be a major cause of morbidity and disability. The intramedullary nail is the preferred method of treatment; however, despite all previous studies, no accurate method to measure nail length prior to surgery exists as yet. Due to the importance of this issue in stability and alignment and reduction of operation time, in this study, we compared several methods of measuring tibia nail length. This was a cross-sectional study in which the nail length was estimated using different methods such as X-ray of the opposite leg, tubercle-medial malleolar distance (TMD), and olecranon to fifth metacarpal distance. In addition, the length of the tibia canal was measured using a metal rod during the surgery. Subsequently, the obtained results were compared. None of the studied methods showed a significant difference between the estimation and the length of used nail. However, the results from the combination of the two methods of olecranon to fifth metacarpal and X-ray of the opposite leg had the closest correlation with the length of used nail. The aim of this study was to determine the best method of preoperative estimation of the length tibia canal for the reduction of operative time and better fracture fixation. Among these methods, the combination of olecranon to fifth metacarpal and opposite leg X-ray showed the strongest correlation.

Before the surgery of lower impacted third molars, it is essential to evaluate the relationship of the roots to mandibular canal using radiographies in order to avoid postoperative complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of panoramic radiographs in assessing this relationship. This was a prospective study. The study population consisted of 103 candidates for impacted lower third molar surgery. Before surgery, panoramic radiographs were taken and the relationship between mandibular canal and the root of impacted lower third molar was determined. Subsequently, a comparison was made between radiographic findings and postoperative complications 1 week after surgery (gold standard) and the compatibility between them was determined. Based on panoramic findings, 36 (35%) patients had mandibular canal involvement. Moreover, complications after surgery were observed in 12 (11.7%) patients. Fisher's exact test showed that postoperative complications had a significant relationship with radiographic findings. In 70.9% of the patients, there was compatibility between radiographic findings and the results of the gold standard. Considering the limitations of this technique, this method is proposed as a primary technique for evaluating the involvement of the third molar and mandibular canal, and if the involvement is suspected, using advanced techniques such as computed tomography scan (CT-scan) is indicated.

An abstract is the best source of information within a content. The structured abstract is the best representation of the main source. Writing an appropriate abstract requires adherence to standards of abstracting. The aim of this study was to investigate the compliance of Persian abstracts of research papers in medical journals of universities of medical sciences (type 1) with the Vancouver guideline and ISO 214 standard. In the present survey, the descriptive method was adapted. The study sample included Persian abstracts of research papers in medical journals of universities of medical sciences (type 1) of Iran. The last issue of the journals was available online on October 2012. The data collection tools consisted of two separate checklists reflecting the ISO 214 standards and the Vancouver guideline for abstract writing. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and Microsoft Excel. The criteria of»discussing the results «and» having keywords «had the most compliance with the Vancouver guidelines and ISO 214 standards. The «keywords based on Persian medical subject headings» and»discussing subsidiary and secondary results «had the least compliance with the Vancouver guideline and ISO 214 standards, respectively. The average total rate of compliance with the Vancouver guideline was 74. 01%, and the ISO 214 standards was 75. 70%. The compliance of abstracts with the Vancouver guideline and ISO 214 standards is higher than average, but «keywords based on Persian medical subject headings» and «discussing subsidiary results and secondary results» needs improvement.

Celiac disease or gluten-sensitive enteropathy is a relatively uncommon digestive disease. Moreover, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disorder. Some IBS patients have celiac disease, with similar IBS symptoms in addition to some serious complications. The only possible treatment for this condition is changing the patients diet (gluten free diet). Given the importance of celiac disease and the similarity of its symptoms with IBS, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of celiac disease in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in Kerman, Iran. This was a cross-sectional study performed during 8 months on patients of 15-84 years of age diagnosed with IBS in Kerman in 2013. Serological test of immunoglobulin A anti-tissue transglutaminase (IgA anti tTG) was request in all IBS patients for the diagnosis of celiac disease and bulb and duodenal (second part) biopsy and pathologic findings were used for definite diagnosis in seropositive patients. The study included 143 patients with irritable bowel syndrome [57 males (39.86%) and 86 females (60.14%)] with a mean age of 34.57 ± 1.24. Serological tests showed that 8 (5.59%) patients were seropositive for celiac disease and duodenal biopsy showed 4 (2.79%) patients were seropositive and (2 males (Marsh2) and 2 females (Marsh1)) were positive for serologic and pathologic celiac disease. Among these patients, 1 patient (male) had constipation–predominant IBS, and 3 patients (1 male and 2 females) had diarrhea-predominant IBS. This study indicated a 5.59% prevalence of positive serologic and 2.79% prevalence of positive serologic-pathologic celiac disease in patients with IBS in Kerman. This was lower in comparison with similar studies in other regions of the country. This difference may be due to the effects of demographic, genetic, and environmental factors of each region.