نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و یکم شماره 3 (پیاپی 110، خرداد 1395)

Recently, it has demonstrated that the signaling by the α7 nicotinic receptors produces the anti-inflammatory condition in both macrophages and T cells. Moreover, activation of macrophages and T cells have a very important role in multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study, the therapeutic effect of nicotine, on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, and its effects on T-helper cells responses have been evaluated.
In this experimental study, EAE was induced by guinea pig spinal cord homogenate and complete Freund’s adjuvant in wistar rats. Animals were allocated in two therapeutic groups (n=7 per group). Treatment with nicotine (2.5 mg/kg-daily) was started in treatment group when the treatment group developed a disability score (at day 12). EAE control received vehicle alone with the same schedule. Signs of disease were recorded daily until the day 36 when animals were sacrificed. The Splenocytes were checked for proliferation by MTT test and cytokine production by ELISA. The level of nitric oxide in serum was checked by griess test. The clinical scores were analyzed by Mann Whitney-U and the other data were analyzed by Student’s t-test
Nicotine administration after the occurrence of clinical symptoms significantly regressed the clinical features of EAE. Alongside with the decrease in nitric oxide, nicotine significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory IL-17 as well as IFN-γ. The levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 were not altered significantly. Lymphocyte proliferation was significantly decreased in treatment group compared to control group.
The results of this study show that nicotine has immunomodulatory benefits and can be used for control of MS disease.

Back ground & aim: Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) is a native medicinal plant in Iran that its rhizome has been traditionally used for treatment of bowel spasm and diarrhea. So in the present study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice rhizome on mechanical activity of isolated colon of male rats has been studied.
In this experimental study, colon tissue of adult male rats were dissected and separated into two groups: experimental and control. Then mechanical activity of tissue strips were recorded by power lab A-D instrument in basal condition, and after administration of phenylephrine and epinephrine and propranolol in the presence and absence of licorice rhizome extract (with effective dose 0.036 mg/ml). Also the mechanical activity of control group strips were recorded at the same condition with extract solvent (ethanol %70). Data were analyzed statistically with using Independent-Samples T Test.
The mechanical activity of tissue in presence of extract and epinephrine significantly decreased (p≤0.05) with compare to the control group. while the mechanical activity in the presence of extract and propranolol significantly increased (p≤0.05) With compare to the control group. but the mechanical activity of tissue doesn’t significant change in the presence of phenylephrine and extract with compare to the control group
According to the present study it can be concluded that hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice maybe has modifying effect on colon motility via synergist effect with beta adrenergic receptors and independent of the alpha adrenergic receptors.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most important neurotrophin that it will lead to the development of metabolic syndrome. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor directly related to conditions such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's and depression. The purpose of this research was investigate effect of eight weeks endurance training on Neutrophic factor that derived from the rat's brain , Insulin and resistance to Insulin.
Statistical Society in this research consist of Male Sprague Dawley rats. Among them, 24 rats at 8 weeks of age and weight of 43/31 ± 72/280 grams were purchased from Pasteur Institute in Shiraz. Then transferred to the laboratory and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (endurance training). Also before the start of the study, the rats a period of one week to adapt to the new environment and the activities during the treadmill. During eight weeks the endurance exercise mice group running on treadmill machine without slope(zero percent slope) with speeding 8 till 20 meter per minute and about 60 minute in each session and 3 session in a week. Control mice group during this time did not have any exercise activity. 24 hours after the last training session at the end of week the eighth, the rats sacrificed to measure the parameters studied until biochemical alterations resulting endurance investigate training effects. For analysis data, was used of independent T-test that was considered as significance level (a=0/05).
Analysis of the findings showed that Eight weeks of endurance training has not significant effect on the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat(p=0/011). Eight weeks endurance training leads to a significant reduction on Insulin (p=0/005) and eight weeks endurance training leads to significant reduction resistance to Insulin (p=0/001).
Hence get conclusion that endurance training have significant effect on reduction of Insulin and dont have any effect on Neutrophic factor that derived from brain.

Gestational diabetes is defined as Diagnosing impaired glucose tolerance, for the first time during pregnancy ,The purpose of study was to compare the effect of aerobic and resistance training on fasting blood sugar, insulin and insulin resistance in women with gestational diabetes.
The study is Semi- experimental interventional. A total of 34 women with gestational diabetes voluntarily participated which were selected from the available sampling pool. The subjects were simple random assigned in 3 groups. 12 subject (age 28/92 ± 3/60 years) participated in an aerobic training group (3 days/week, 30-45 min/day, 50-70%maximum heart rate), 11subject (age 30/27 ± 4/14 years) participated in a resistance training group (3 days/week, 2-3 set of 15 repetition, 50-70%maximum heart rate and Rating of perceived exertion), and 11 subject(age 29/18 ± 4/23 years) were in control group who did not participate in any exercise program during the study period. Blood samples were collected in the pre-test and post-test to assess the level of blood sugar and insulin . statistical analysis of covariance was used to compare the groups. The data were analyzed by software 23SPSS significant level was considered p≤0 / 05 .
The results of this study indicated a significant difference in insulin plasma levels (p = 0/031), insulin resistance index (p = 0/008) and insulin sensitivity between groups. Paired samples T Test results showed that resistance training leads to significant decrease in fasting blood sugar (p= 0/012) and non-significant reduction in aerobic group (p = 0/31), in training groups was observed non-significant changes in insulin levels, insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity.
It seems likely resistance training compared with aerobic training are more effective in reducing fasting glucose levels in women with gestational diabetes.

The consumption of food supplements in order to eliminate oxidative damages induced by exercise are common among athletes. Previous studies have shown that bovine colostrum has antioxidant properties, but no study has ever been done to evaluate its effectiveness on Oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. This Study was carried out to investigate the effects of supplementation with bovine colostrum along with aerobic and anaerobic exercise on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in male Wistar rats.
Methods and materials: In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into six groups (control, colostrum supplement, aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise, colostrum supplements and aerobic exercise, colostrum supplements and anaerobic exercise). Groups receiving colostrum daily for ten weeks dosing 300 mg / kg bovine colostrum powder were fed orally. Exercising groups worked out three times a week for a period of 10 weeks on a custom-made treadmill for rodents. Blood samples were taken before and 24 hours after the last exercise session on an empty stomach. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey at &alpha The plasma levels of oxidative stress index (MDA) in all groups except colostrum supplement and anaerobic exercise compared with the control group was significantly reduced (p The results showed that colostrum supplementation with ten weeks of aerobic exercise had better effect in the control of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity compared to anaerobic exercise.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. This represents about 10% of all new cancer cases and 30% of all cancers in women. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a vast class of recently discovered noncoding genes in the human genome, have been implicated in the regulation of several biological processes. The aim of this study was to comparison of GAS5 and NEAT1 lncRNAs expression between patients with breast cancer and normal individuals.
forty samples tumor and tumor adjacent tissue (normal) were collected from Shahid Faghihi hospital, located in Shiraz. All samples were examined by a pathologist. After RNA extraction from tissues cDNAs were synthesized according to protocol and RT-qPCR carried out using SYBR®Premix Ex TaqTM II kit. Expression levels were analyzed by ΔΔCT method. changes in the expression of GAS5 lncRNA was 1.5 fold downregulated and NEAT1 lncRNA was 2 fold upregulated.
Our study demonstrates that expression of lncRNA GAS5 in tumor samples had decreased in compared to normal tissues. Also expression of lncRNA NEAT1 in tumor samples had increased in compared to normal tissues.
Due to the previous reports, these lncRNAs act as tumor suppressor in breast cancer and had differential expression in tumor and normal tissues, we can use them as biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Also expression of these lncRNAs in different breast cancer subtypes and patient with other blood; raises the importance of this molecules as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

This study is planned to assess the quality of life in mothers with educable mentally retarded daughters motivating to provide a model to measure the quality of life and to identify the factors affecting it and it is tried to describe the concept of quality of life for families with disabled people and examine the factors affecting it and the relationship between these indicators and how to measure them in families with mentally retarded children.
The research method is descriptive analytical. The sample size is 75 mothers with mentally retarded daughters who were participated in this study through census sampling. With a research literature review and literature pertaining to quality of life, the intended measures were extracted (inductive method) and study information were collected after obtaining the informed consent from participants using standard questionnaires (survey) and was analyzed using correlation analysis techniques, univariate correlation, logistic regression analysis, path analysis and structural equation.
Results indicate the fact that family performance (family interactions, parenting, mental and physical health), mother abilities (resilience and aggression) and personal beliefs affect the quality of life for families with disabled children. Personal beliefs are important determinants of quality of life.

Methicillin resistant of staph aurues is an important pathogen bacterium in hospital infections. These organisms caused severe disease and multi drug resistance in the worldwide. Satureja mutica is labiatae family member and has medicinal properties. Zinc oxide nanoparticle has numerous application in pharmaceutical and medical and direct mechanisms for toxicity dissolution for zinc oxid nanoparticle and zinc ion release. Coagulase is a virulence factor for staph aureus and all of the pathogen staph has this factor. Aim of this study is crude extract of . satureja mutica and zinc oxide nanoparticle on methicillin resistant staph aureus. While it could effective in treatment or complementary treatment in infection and used for gene virulence inhibitor.
In this study firstly MIC nd viability percent of hydroalcoholic extract of satureja mutica and zinc oxide nanoparticle by microdilution and MTT methods against MRSA that is coa gene was obtained. After exposure to the MIC of extract and nanoparticle gene expression modifications was examined by PCR.
Hydrochloric extract of satureja mutica and nanoparticle zinc oxide had MIC equal to 1800 and 26.6 µg/ml propertly.After RT-PCR electrophoresis result showed that satureja mutica in this concentration have inhibitor effect on coagulase gene expression.
The results showed that reduce of coa gene expression invitro by RT-PCR with satureja mutica but no effect on gene expression housekeeping arec zinc oxid nanoparticle also have inhibitory effect on bacterial growth but doesn’t inhibitory effect on coa gene expression.

Chedyak higashi syndrome,is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe immunodeficiency, predisposition to bleeding, frequent bacterial infections, albinism dynamic and progressive neurological disorder. Accelerating the early phase of a lymphoproliferative disorder that is associated with the body's major organs such as the liver and spleen lymphocytic infiltration is determined (1). The disease is very rare, as the first case was reported in 1943 (2). Diagnosis can see large cytoplasmic inclusions specific leukocytes in bone marrow samples under a light microscope to be certain. The Deadly Syndrome large granules in the cytoplasm of all white blood cells observed are dark blue. The coarse granules are created by the integration of primary and secondary granules (3). Treatment of this disorder antibiotic prophylaxis for opportunistic pathogens followed by bone marrow transplantation (4). Referred patient with prolonged fever and intermittent hospitalization and outpatient treatment, despite not improving and he does not suggest a specific diagnosis (5). In this study, we report a case with uncommon manifestations of the disease in addition to diagnosis and treatment of protests and discuss it.
Case Report: A 4-month-old little girl is about 2 months ago, after two months with intermittent fever vaccine has been associated with anorexia, fever and weakness associated with the fever lasted more than a week and go to the pediatrician for medication acetaminophen and again presented with fever eased off. Patient was hospitalized in intensive care after a blood test, ultrasound examination of blood cells Higashi Chedyak diagnosis was made. Patient has a bright face, eyebrows almost albino, quiet along with a bit of weakness in the evaluation of patients for immune deficiency disease found nothing. Patient symptoms such as weight loss, diarrhea, vomiting, loss of consciousness, no patient has been associated with weakness. The blood cells were pancytopenia was so sick with a sharp drop in platelets to prevent bleeding together of platelets and fresh frozen plasma were administered to the patient. Patients include CBC, WBC: 700 and Plt: 27000, respectively.
Cardiovascular system problems such as failure or heart rhythm disorders were observed and echo normal and no noise and murmur was heard in echo and rhythm was Gallup. X-ray of the lungs pleural effusion was brief.
A small number of lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid with round nuclei and cytoplasm was negligible. In reviewing the patient's skin in addition to being albino eyebrows and face the patient, in the buttock subcutaneous edema that was associated with fatty infiltration. Patients buttocks after infection, the body suffers from toxic Seppi sent followed with septic shock that ultimately led with cardiac arrest and died.
Chedyak higashi syndrome affects several body systems that regulate gene transfer defects in the lysosomes, leading to the transfer is incomplete vesicles towards lysosomes and the lysosomes. In the case of disease clinical symptoms of frequent infections, fever, head and eyebrows light hair, light skin and enlarged liver and spleen as well as other cases have been reported. Blood disorders such as pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia in these patients, there was a sharp decline and severe bleeding and infection are the leading cause of death in these patients.