نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 120، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1396)

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram-positive and sporulating bacteria. The main habitat of the bacteria is soil and Bt able to production of a wide variety of insecticidal crystal protein's properties. The aim of the study was detection of cry1, cry2, cry3, cry4 and cry5 genes in the B. thuringiensis isolated from soil samples by Multiplex-PCR method.
Material and In this cross-sectional study, 200 grams of soil samples randomly were collected from at 10 cm depth and totally 100 soil samples were taken from different parts of Tehran. According to the protocol approved by WHO, suspected colonies on Bt isolated and strains were confirmed by the microbiological and biochemical tests. After DNA extraction Multiplex-PCR using specific primers in thermal cycler gradient the presence of cry genes were evaluated.
Out of 100 soil samples studied, 41 strains were confirmed as B. thuringiensis. MPCR results showed that 14 strains carrying the crystalline toxin, 7 strains (50%) cry1, 4 strains (5.28%) cry2 and 3 strains (5.21%) cry3 genes. Cry4 and cry5 genes were not observed in any isolates (0.0%).
Based on great diversity of crystal protein genes and the absence of reliable phenotypic methods for detection of the presence of crystal proteins, simultaneous identification of these genes can be low cost and high speed response for identification of crystalline genes produced by B. thuringiensis.

Reproductive disorders is one of the major issues in diabetics which various chemical and herbal medicines have been used for its treatment from ancient times. Due to the antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties of Avicennia marina, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of aqueous extract of mangrove leaves on serum levels of LH and FSH, estrogen, progesterone, prolactin and ovarian follicle numbers in diabetic rats.
In the present experimental study 32 female Wistar rats were allocated into equal groups of control, non-treated diabetic and treated diabetic groups with aqueous extract of mangrove leaves with concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg. The diabetes in non-treated diabetic and treated diabetic groups with mangrove extract was induced using an intraperitoneal (ip) injection of alloxan. Aqueous extract of mangrove leaves injected into treated diabetic groups, alternate days for one month. Saline solution was injected to the animals of control and non-treated diabetic groups. At the end of treatment, serum levels of LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone and prolactin were measured by ELISA. 5 µm sections of ovarian tissue were prepared and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). Then, ovarian follicle numbers were examined by light microscope. Data obtained were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey statistical tests.
Dose-dependent administration of aqueous extract of mangrove leaves with concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg was significantly increased serum levels of LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone and prolactin, compared to the non-treated diabetic group (p The results indicate significant and dose-dependent effect of extract of mangrove leaves on increase serum levels of gonadotropins, estrogen, progesterone and prolactin in diabetic rats. Also it has protective effect on ovarian tissue. Therefore, consumption of Avicennia marina could be effective in improving hormonal disorders and ovarian tissue damage in patients with diabetes.

life style inactive In most countries Increase Health problems Including the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease And as a major problem in these communities will be considered. This study investigated the effect of 8 weeks Combined training on Adiponectin and lipid profile are disabled boys.
In quasi-experimental study that was conducted 23 boys for disabled Purposefully and voluntarily choose to participate in research And then randomly divided into two groups: training(N = 13) and control (N = 10) groups. A combination of strength training exercises include running for eight weeks And three times a week by 60 to 80 percent of maximum heart rate And resistance training with weights of 40 to 85% of one repetition maximum level. Fasting blood samples were taken after 8 to 10 hours at 7 am to 9 am in two stages, 24 hours before the start of practice and 48 hours after the last training session took place.The normal data using statistical test of Kolmogorov - Smirnov was found. To study the changes within the group variables Paired t-test and independent test And changes between groups, ANOVA And LSD post hoc test was used in a meaningful way. Research data using SPSS version 20 at a significance level of P The results showed that Training group incorporate changes in adiponectin (P=0.001) and HDL (P=0.027) a significant increase Changes significant amounts of LDL (P=0.016) has been significantly reduced. In addition, a statistically significant difference between the two groups On average Adiponectin (P=0.003) and LDL (P=0.026) was obtained after an eight-week protocol.
It seems that a combination of exercise can be As a non-drug method Some factors to improve adiponectin and lipid profile in children's disabled And to enhance Health recommended that this section of society The lifestyle of the people to be included.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder associated with neuropathy, renal diseases, peripheral vascular disease, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure and inflammation. The use of supplements, herbal extracts, and exercise training for the treatment of diseases and metabolic disorders has increased among people. Thus, the aim of this study was the study of The effect of a period rhythmic aerobic exercise with ginger consumption on serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and insulin resistance in obese middle-aged women with diabetes mellitus.
In this research study, 46 obese diabetic women (BMI > 30, blood fasting sugar more than 150-250 mg/dL, 45-60 years old) were selected and randomly assigned into four groups, ginger (n=12), aerobic exercise training ginger (n=12), aerobic exercise training (n=12) and control (n=10). Participants in supplementary groups received Four 250 mg capsules ginger extract 1000 mg daily for 10 weeks. Aerobic training program included 10 weeks of training, 3 sessions per week and each session was 60 minutes at 55% maximum heart rate during the first week and gradually increased with the progress of the training program to 75 percent of maximum heart rate. Each session consists of warm up (10 minutes), the main part of the training involves performing aerobic exercises in a standing position (40 minutes) and recovery in sitting (10 minutes).
The data showed in training Ginger group, significant difference in serum TNF-α (p=0.028), IL-6 level (p=0.012), Insulin resistance (p=0.009), insulin (p=0.007) and fasting glucose (p=0.000) The results of analysis of variance showed that a no significant difference between the effects of different interventions do not exist for TNF-α(P=0.324) and IL-6(P=0.084) But there are between insulin resistance (p=0.001), insulin (p=0.007) and fasting glucose (p=0.001).
According to obtained results, it appears that aerobic training plus ginger extract consumption have better effect on serum inflammatory factors in obsess women with diabetes type 2.

prison inmates, especially its negative effects on female prisoners, the need for educational interventions, psychotherapy is essential for them. This study aimed to teach emotional regulation on impulsivity, and styles of decision-making was conducted among female prisoners in Yasouj.
This trial, the clinical and interventional. Group test under emotional regulation skills training program 8 meeting And on model-based control group received no intervention was grass, then the training group and the control group pretest-posttest to Mlamd. The instruments consisted of two questionnaires Barratt Impulsiveness, decision making styles were Scott and Bruce. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22
The findings show the effect of emotion regulation training program on reducing overall and impulsivity impulsivity, cognitive, behavioral and among female prisoners were unplanned. The program will also increase training rational and intuitive decision making styles and decision making styles loss avoidance, is dependent on immediate and significant impact
According to the results that teaching emotion regulation, reduce impulsivity and increase in prisoners styles decisions were reasonable, professional communication can be in the form of emotion regulation training enhances knowledge and skills in managing people as well as increased negative impulsivity styles It was a rational decision.

Childhood obesity is associated with an increased risk for several metabolic and cardiovascular complications, such as insulin resistance and hyperhomocysteinemia .The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of regular aerobic exercise with vitamin C consumption on the homocysteine levels and insulin resistance in obese girls.
In the present semi-experimental study, 28 obese girls aged between 8 and 12 Years and body mass index 95th percentile, were selected and randomly divided into as follow: control, exercise training, vitamin C and exercise training vitamin C (combined) groups. Aerobic exercise was consisted of exercise movements at 50% to 70% maximal heart rate and 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Vitamin C and combined groups consumed 500mg vitamin C tablets every other day. Fasting blood samples were collected before and 48 hour after the last intervention. For statistical analysis, One Way Analysis Variance (ANOVA), post hoc Tukey and independent t-test were used.
Eight weeks of aerobic exercise, vitamin C and the combined intervention were resulted a significant decrease in the levels of glucose, insulin, homocysteine and insulin resistance in obese girls (P These findings suggest that both of aerobic exercise and vitamin C consumption non-drug can cause down regulation of homocysteine and insulin resistance levels in obese girls. Thus combined effect of regular aerobic exercise and vitamin C intervention is associated with the augmentation of these effects.

Psychological flexibility is a major component of health-related behaviors and refers to ability to get in touch with the present moment as it is, without any psychological defense and in line with the personal values. The purpose of this study was to comparing Psychological flexibility in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and normal control group.
In a case-control study 61 patients with irritable bowel which were referred to gastroenterologist, were selected via convenience sampling and compared with normal control group in psychological flexibility. Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and Meaningful Live Questionnaire (MLQ) were used as research tools.
Findings: T-test results indicated significant differences between groups in terms of psychological flexibility includes Acceptance (P Discussion & According to this study, patients with irritable bowel syndrome had lower levels of psychological flexibility than normal group and it can effective in initiating or exacerbating their symptoms.

The aim of this research was studied effectiveness and comparing cognitive behavioral therapy and hypnotherapy on pain self-efficacy and pain severity in girls with primary dysmenorrhea.
The method of research is Quasi experimental and research design is pretest- posttest with control group. The study population included all second high school girls with primary dysmenorrhea in the year of 2015 in the city of Ardabil who among them the sample consisted of 54 students were selected and were assigned in 3 groups (2 experimental groups and 1 control group). self-efficacy questionnaire, visual analogue and scale Researcher- made questionnaire was used for collection data. For experimental groups, Pain control training based on cognitive-behavioral approach and self-hypnotism training was executed at 10 sessions in 45 minutes whereas control groups was in waiting list
The effectiveness of therapies on pain self-efficacy was 49 percent according to the chi Eta in one way covariance analysis. There was no significant Difference between cognitive behavioral group and hypnotherapy on pain self-efficacy justified mean with Bonferroni correction but there was significant Difference between cognitive behavioral group and control group and between hypnotherapy group and control group on pain self-efficacy justified mean. The results of Kruskal Wallis showed that there is significant Difference between 3 groups in pain severity. For the comparison of groups, U-Mann Whitney index showed that the pain severity was reduced significantly in cognitive behavioral and hypnotherapy group compared with control group and hypnotherapy is More effective than cognitive behavioral therapy.
Therefore, cognitive behavioral therapy and hypnotherapy are effective in increased pain self-efficacy and reduced pain severity in girls with primary dysmenorrhea

The high incidence and poor prognosis of the lung cancer makes it a major health problem in the last few decades. Determination of frequency of different histopathology types of primary lung cancer has great importance in creating integrated treatment programs and to recognize the effective factors causing the disease. Overexpression of MMPs has a direct relation with invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors in different tissues. The aim of this study was to effect polymorphism in MMP-2 gene with suffering to lung cancer and its metastasis in case and control groups by PCR-RFLP.
In the present case-control study, The MMP-2 polymorphism was analyzed by restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) in 50 patients with lung cancer and 77 cohort sample. All samples were examined by a specialist doctor. DNA isolation was performed using DNA extraction kit (Cinnagen, Iran). MMP9 gene was amplified by specific primers and PCR product was digested with FSPBI restriction enzyme. Data analysis was used by Chi square SPSS software.
The examination of allelic distribution and genotypic distribution in patients with lung cancer and control showed that the allele frequency of C and T in patients with lung cancer were 90 and 10 (P=0.04) and in the control were 80/15 and 30 (P=0.05) percentage respectively. Also genotype frequency of CC, CT and TT in patients with lung cancer were 82, 16 and 2 (P=0.05) and in the control were 69/93, 31/16, 3/1 percentage respectively (P=0.5). Comparison of non-metastatic genotypes and control groups did not showed a statistically significant difference (P=0.5), but compared to CC genotype in metastatic and control groups (P=0.05) allele C directly involved in the metastasis.
It seems that individuals with C allele can increase susceptibility to lung cancer. Also these findings indicate that CC genotype as a risk factor facilitating the spread of metastasis of lung cancer.

Neonatal sepsis is Any systemic bacterial infection proven with positive blood culture within the first month of life. Neonatal Infections are transmitted after birth by direct contact with hospital personnel, mother and contaminated equipment. Nosocomial infections are infections occur after the third day of life and not transmitted directly from the mother's genital tract. Risk factors for nosocomial infections are prematurity, low birth weight, aggressive measures, frequent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and long-term stay in the hospital.
This longitudinal descriptive study was done over 8 months on 100 neonates with suspected late-onset sepsis in the neonatal and Nicu ward of Imam Sajjad Hospital of Yasooj. In these neonates , organisms that was growth in blood cultures and risk factors involved in nosocomial infections were evaluated. Because of negative results of blood cultures , laboratory(CRP positive,Abnormal WBC & Plt) and clinical parameters ( intubation) were considered as a measure of hospital infections. Chi-square test was performed for the association between potential risk factors and severity of nosocomial infections. SPSS was used for statistical analysis and the significant statistical association was shown with P Sent through blood cultures from patients 61 (61%) cases were male and 39 (39%) were female, except for a 1 positive blood culture with Staphylococcus aureus, No blood cultures were positive. Among those selected patients, 57% (57 cases) had gestational ages less than 37 wks and others had more than 37 wks, that in premature neonates there were significant statistical correlation with sepsis (P= 0). Of the patients on admission, 78 cases (78%) had ages less than 24 hrs that we found significant statistical correlation with sepsis in those neonates (P= 0.01). 57 cases (57%) of patients had birthweight less than 2500 grs that had significant statistical correlation with sepsis. 38 cases (38%) of neonates had history of invasive procedures specially using mechanical ventilator that had significant statistical correlation with sepsis (P= 0.001). Also blood sampling more than 3 times in 24 hours had significant statistical correlation with sepsis in neonates.
Nearly all of sent blood cultures except for one case, were negative and prematurity, birthweight less than 2500 grs, admission age less than 24 hrs,blood sampling more than 3 times in 24 hours and invasive procedures specially using mechanical ventilator were introduced as risk factors of nosocomial infection and more sever sepsis in selected patients.