نشریه انرژی ایران
سال هفدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 65، زمستان 1393)

The present research aim’s to investigate of the relationship between the social acceptance of solar energy systems and their effective factors in Tabriz. The general view governing the research is quantitative and according to the purpose of research is type of applied and in terms of the amount of supervision and control is method of field and in terms of information collection is descriptive and causal، communication. And also، the methodology on the base of it’s nature is method of survey. For implementing this aim، 384 persons were chosen among the Tabriz citizen’s by using the single stage cluster random sampling. They were asked to response to the questionnaire of provided. The amount of influencing of effective factors in accepting of using solar system by people investigated through descriptive and inferential test. The results show that social acceptance of solar system of Tabriz citizen’s is affected by five factors such as: education، income، occupation، marital status and their knowledge.

The catalyst layer is often the thinnest layer in the fuel cell، but is often the most complex part due to multiple phases، porosity، and electrochemical reactions. The performance of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is strongly affected by the cathode catalyst layer performance. In this study، a steady state isothermal one-dimensional agglomerate model is considered and developed for the cathode catalyst layer. After writing the governing equations for the catalyst layer، differential equations for independent variables of current density، oxygen concentration and activation overpotential obtained that form a coupled system of first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODE’s) with the related boundary conditions. Then coupled system of ODE’s is solved through coding in Matlab software version 2011، using a shooting method، boundary value problem (BPV). After validating the model against experimental and theoretical results، a comprehensive parametric study is performed on the effects of fourteen parameters including operational parameters namely temperature، pressure and saturation liquid water، and structural parameters such as platinum loading، ionomer volume fraction، porosity and thickness of catalyst layer، radius and porosity of agglomerate and etc. on the catalyst layer performance. It was found that saturation liquid water، ionomer volume fraction and agglomerate radius have the greatest effect on the performance.

Wanton growth in worldwide crime statistics severely threatens the society in terms of economics، society، culture، and security. Thus، the effect of lighting factors and scales of urban spaces on the security of neighborhoods is investigated in this study. The methodology in this research was analytical-descriptive and data were almost collected by observation and field data collection in urban neighborhoods. In order to rank the security levels، six scales were investigated: main streets light، the amount of energy consumption for lighting ways، alleys and sidewalks light، light from city signs، parks light، and light in front of houses. Then، the coefficient of the effect of each parameter on the neighborhood security was calculated using Entropy Weighting model، and the quality level of each neighborhood and the ideal level were determined using Reverse Analytical Hierarchy Process. The investigation of scales revealed that minor ways and sidewalks light، and light from city signs had the highest influence coefficients; and the amount of energy consumption for lighting ways had the lowest influence coefficient.

Building façade، as an influencing parameter on the energy consumption of building، has drawn attention of many engineers. In this research، the effect of using different facade materials on the energy consumption has been investigated. For this reason، a test room has been simulated by EnergyPlus software under three different climatic conditions: Tehran، Bandar-Abbas and Tabriz. Results indicated that the brick finishing facade has the best performance by 6. 9% energy saving in Tehran climate. Also، the firebrick facade material with 23% energy saving and the painted concrete facade with 7. 1% energy saving has been suggested for Bandar-Abbas and Tabriz، respectively.

In this article، for the option installation DG generators in CNG stations، the optimum electrical capacity and corresponding economical parameters are determined، according to maximize net present worth. In addition، the sensitivity relative to various parameters is investigated. The present study takes into consideration not only the constraint of maximum possible value of investment but also those constraints relative to proper power flow and accepted fault levels in the power grid. A new approach which simultaneously takes into account the electrical load profile and the power bills has been adopted in the modeling. consumed electrical load profile of CNG station under study located in Tehran، during one day period، has been extracted through a Power Harmonics Analyser device.

Trobm wall or Solar wall categorized as a passive solar thermal mehtods for construction heating. In this manuscript the air flow inside the Trombe wall is simulated by Finite Volume Method. The commercial CFD code «Ansys Fluent» was used for Simulations. First، a refrence model is introduced and the results are represented. Then، using the refrence model، the effective parameters on Trombe wall performance are studied. For studying the parameters، 32 diffrent model are simulated and their results are compered.

In recent years، the various usage of fuel cells in vehicles has absorbed attention in industry and academic area. The fuel cells، are considered as a modern power sources in transportation. Hybridization of the fuel cell system with a secondary peaking power source is an effective approach to overcome the disadvantages of the fuel-cell-alone-powered vehicles. Two of the possible combinations is fuel cell/ battery and Fuel cell/ battery/ ultra-capacitor composition. Typically، one energy source is storage like battery and ultra-capacitor، and the other is conversion of a fuel to energy like fuel cell. Obviously، the performance of the drive train relies mainly on control quality. This work presents an enhanced method for distributing power demand through the hybrid power sources. Fuzzy logic control is considered for this purpose. Genetic algorithm has implemented for tuning this strategy by means of off-line simulation in two combined driving cycle and evaluation in 4 separated driving cycles. Multiple objective fitness function deals with effective parameters for getting reliable and acceptable results from optimization process. Finally، this optimized strategy present a fully-advanced method for energy management system of fuel cell hybrid vehicles.