نشریه انسان و محیط زیست
سال هشتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 13، تابستان 1389)

Nanotechnology is science of employment materials device and systems in Nano scale that applications of Nano technology is reach in environmental engineering. For example water treatment by Nano filtration wastewater treatment clean energy production and nanotube for toxic gas adsorption. In this paper and research several application of this science for example fuel cell for energy production from clean sources, using from Nano filters for remove of hard water, water treatment for power plants, several application of carbon nanotube in the industry for example hydrogen storage in fuel cells for increase of yield them, toxic gas adsorption, using them instead of gas sensors.

Environmental effects of exploration and extraction of mineral Resources as an integral part of today's mining project are developed. In a new mineral economic activities of exploration and extraction while have an economic justification that are not be dangerous for existence of a human. Thus correct understanding regarding environmental dimension of the problem cause economic activity to be guide by thoughtful. The environmental impact of mining in concept of rock movement and mineral ingredients to achieve the mineral substance are dedicated the most important part of environmental pollution of mining. Disorganization and displaced land especially open mines will remain like an enteral legacy on earth until combined with the surface process that lead to reaction, the most important product of this reaction is pollution. Abundant of copper element in nature and focus on sulfide ore is due to oxidation of sulfide minerals in the presence of weather, water and bacteria phenomenon occur that we call acid mine. This phenomenon is considered as the most important and most common problem of environmental pollution of the world sulfide mining. The use of biotechnology and bio leaching of copper extraction especially copper production from low grade mine of copper instead of common methods not only reduce the environmental implication of copper production it will also increase production, reduce production time, reduce operational costs and investment in extraction. In this paper according to the subjects were told regarding investigation new method and environmentally friendly extraction of copper from concentrate and comparison common methods of melting will be discussed.

Quantity and quality of noise pollution is not known for people maybe because it is not touchable like air, soil and water pollution. Probably, part of this problem rises from its invisible nature and also indirectly stems from the political and economic systems of the society. However, it should be noticed that, getting used to one type of pollution is not preservative, because it denotes the reduction of individual sensitivity thresholds and decreased physical and mental powers. Continuing noise pollution is not suitable for none of the organisms, accordingly the main purpose of this study is to help urban health preservation against noise pollution resulting from motorized vehicles. The methodology used in this paper, is descriptive with the utilization of accessible information records and references and objectiveobservations. This paper especially emphasizes on planning potentials and physical designs such as developmental pattern, location, composition, distribution of land uses and the extension of green spaces along with other noise pollution reduction procedures.

Study of environmental and sanitary environment of land fill of urban solid wastes is very important due to creation of different pollutions. The most important pollutant, is leachate of the resulting from solid wastes. Solid waste leachate may penetrate in to surface and underground water and pollute these resources. Rasht solid waste land fill has been located in 15 km Rasht at Saravan area. This place near one of the sources of Siahroud River,namely Kacha River. Kacha River joins Siahroud River, and is named Zarjoub. Then it joins Goharroud River in Pirbazar area and enters eastern part of Anzali wetland. This river evacuate the pollution resulting from solid waste leachate to gather with other urban, industrial and agricultural pollutants that it receives with in its route at Anzali wetland. In this research conducted in the year 2007-2006, the statues of Rasht city, and also Kacha River was studied regarding the pollution due to leachate. For this purpose, parameters BOD,DO,PH,TP and COD were studied in two seasons of winter and summer. The results of this research show that all parameters under our study exceed the mounts authorized by environmental protection organization. Furthermore, the pollution resulting from leachate showed remarkable increase in comparison with the results of 1977 experiments

In geothermal heat pumps, the heat exchange with ground is performed by the ground heat exchanger. In fact, the ground heat exchanger is installed to extract or inject the thermal energy from/to the earth. The borehole depth of this heat exchanger has a major effect on the system investment cost and operation; thus, this parameter must be computed with a high accuracy. There are various methods to compute the borehole depth of ground heat exchanger. The geothermal heat pump capacity and the regional soil characteristics are the main parameters which affect the borehole depth and size of the ground heat exchanger. In this paper, the important soil characteristics are first introduced. Then, the main five methods for computing the borehole depth of ground heat exchanger are investigated with their effective parameters. Finally, these methods are compared and their application priority is determined.

In order to survey on probably variety of temperature in a planted area compare to none planted area selected 50 Ha of planted land of near the Dez dam in shahyon of Dezful. For data comparing selected area 10 Ha as well as buffer zone in out of planted land. Then based on Random-systematic method, 3 thermometer maximum-minimum in the stable line altitude 520 meter up the sea level in planted land & 3 thermometer in none planted land in same line were installed too. Harvested data duration one month after assemblage and analysis showed that temperature difference in two areas was very salient and it was proximate to 3 c. Temperature vibration in plated land lower than none planted land meaningful.

One way to expand the level of the international environmental regulations, expand the scope of the international responsibility of the countries are incomplete mentioned regulations. In this regard, in a previous years have been made serious efforts so that this issues has caused significant changes.Nowadays, In the scope of the international responsibility arising from environmental damage can be named such as widening the scope this kind of responsibility, Expanding the scope of this responsibility to the responsibility of the risk of liability arising from errors.Range of environment responsibilities to the private sector.The acceptance of criminal liability for environmental damage and some other development named All of suggests a changes in regime in the area of environmental responsibility at the international level and Bazel convection is a good example to illustrate the mentioned changes.

Globalization as a result from the traditional chronological/spatial order collapse is occurring regarding the isolation of Space/Time from Place; this is isolated Space/Time in a infinite field get combined to prepare for possibility of interaction as a social material. Therefore it seems that, the realm of data stream influence in the globalization trend of “Urban/ Space/Place” Identity is related to several connections of people and this data stream and the whole society that it is going to establish a new situation by a new vision of Place Identity Definition. A serious look must be taken at Islamic culture and data stream influences as the main part of establish the identity of urban spaces/places; in spite of some definition such as virtual space, virtual body and virtual city look so familiar, they are not described scientifically in Persian resources. One of the aims of this article is presenting a precise research in this field. As the most important end, this article tries to approach a theoric base for the influences and several factors concerning Place Identity.