نشریه انسان و محیط زیست
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 17، تابستان 1390)

Today, one of the most significant risks that worker face is noise. Many workplaces expose you to high levels of noise for prolonged periods, which can cause many occupational disorders. This paper presents a model to select the first priority area for noise control measures. For this purpose, criteria were defined. These criteria included: the number of workers exposed, their exposure times and sound pressure level ranges in different plant parts. The weighting factors were determined according to the weighting methods and above criteria. Finally, a formula has been suggested as an index of noise control Priority (NCPI). The value of these weight factors has been different based on the environmental noise levels and their risk levels. After the numbers of stations that have the mentioned ranges of sound pressure levels were calculated in different plant parts, then the priorities for noise abatement were identified according to NCPI equation. Regarding the working conditions at Fajr petrochemical plant, we decide to have two choices as first priority one of the outdoor parts and another of the enclosed spaces. The results indicate that section "Compression" of part Air had been at the top places polluted of this industry (NCPI= 0.32) and salon "RO" is placed in the first rank than other indoor areas (NCPI= 0.82). through these calculation, the first priority will be easily determined, and the main sources will identified, so we can reduce worker exposure in the most hazardous areas

This study aims to put some language problems forward that influence on people's word view based on linguistic ecology. The problem is that nowadays the lexicon and grammar of most languages are considered as some means in the hands of the authorities of power and money to distract the reality through grammar and make their favorite attitudes in people's mind. The people also are not aware of this and they themselves participate to this distraction. This article with some clear evidences from economic and science discourses tries to investigate the mentioned subject and show that there is a need for language planning. It has been proved that language planers as well as policy makers should make people aware of the disaster and try to change the wrong attitudes and form some new ones in favor of reality. The last word is a suggestion for Persian and Literature Academy to consider linguistic ecology problems I its future linguistic plans

Ecotourism is the new branch of tourism industry that the main motivations of it are tourism, observation and enjoy the natural and cultural landscapes and it is one of the new sources of revenue based on sustainable development. It is environmentally responsible travel that promotes the environment preservation. Shadegan wetland can became the one of the major hubs in ecotourism because of unique landscape of flora, cultural attractions, having beaches and adjacency of Persian Gulf countries. The aim of this study is investigation the strengths and weaknesses, and also threats and opportunities arising from the development of ecotourism industry in Shadegan wetland and analysis of these factors using of SWOT model. In this evaluating model, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are the best strategy for the strategic planning process. Firstly based on visits, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of ecotourism were recognized in wetland. Then based on experts and tourists ideas, weights and scores and given to each factors. The weighted factors were calculated by multiplying of weight of each factor on its score. Based on results of analysis of internal factors(with final score of 2.9) and external factors (with final score of 3.06), it was clear that Shadegan wetland has potential to become one of the main ecotourism hub with integral management based on environmental, social and economical ingredients.

Chlor-alkali units using mercury-cells, cause air pollution by mercury emission to the atmosphere, soil pollution with solid waste production, water pollution and aquatic organisms and effluent pollution. Specific standard of mercury in the environment (water, air and soil) has not been published yet. But what is clear is mercury a toxic element and has a high potential for biological accumulation having serious physical problems such as Minamata disease. This paper has investigated mercury emissions from Chlor-alkali units and harmful effects of mercury on the environmental and humans. The method used in paper is survey research method. Chlor-alkali units are types which have done environmental impact assessment before establishment, till their effects of physical, biological and economic and social conditions to be estimated. Chlor-alkali industry is introduced as a major source of mercury release to the environment. For this reason, intergovernmental negotiating committee to prepare a global legally binding instrument on mercury 24-28 Jan 2011 which was held in Chiba, Japan, was appointed that all countries with national action plans during a specified time determined action have to change the process of these units. Bandar Imam Petrochemical uses about 30 tons of mercury provided by external sources. The process method of Chlor-Alkali unit of Chlor-Alkali unit of Bandar Imam Petrochemical Complex will change from using mercury to approved membrane. It is estimated that until 1392 the total mercury would be removed from the manufacturing process. Bandar Imam Petrochemical Chlor-alkali unit Measures towards reducing mercury waste have done in this paper to be discussed.

Environmental consideration to be ignored for many years in developing countries. In the last three decades of 20th century, environmental factors have played an important role in the speed of developing nations and in contrast, human development is disturbed ecological balance as habitat able space. Such as environmental issues in the present age can be mentioned water problem ad required to optimize utilization of the water. Because of the rivers have an important role for supplying fresh water consumed in industrial, agricultural and urban and according to the crisis of water shortage and industrial development in Iran about 1400, is very important to planned and serious consideration for the water quality of river. In this regard, Zayandehrud river as most important river in the central plateau with 1720 million cubic meters volume has developed a dynamic regional ecosystem the quality is particular because of the multipurpose such as supply drinking water of Isfahan, neighbor cities and agriculture water. With these explanations, this vital artery and a major source of water have long faced with the threat of contamination. According to the developed Isfahan in different diminution in near future and lack of planning for this issue, this issue will become serious threat to the economic and environment. Therefore in one hand the water shortage crisis and on the other hand water of Isfahan and surrounding provinces supply by the Zayandehrud river, calls for extensive research about the quality and quantity of pollution and use of management tool in order prediction of water quality and prevent pollution of this river. Present study with descriptive method, document and statically evaluation has explored the pollution sources and environmental pollution of this river. The result show that main pollution source of Zayandehrud is as follows: A: waste water of agriculture B: Waste water of industrial C: Waste water of urban and house hold. These major pollutant sources discharges to the river have negative affected on the water quality particularly in downstream. Finally with combination and environment view in order to decrease environmental pollution affected and improve quality along the river, is present propose plans to environmental satiability and to achieve sustainable development.

Disorganized conditions and decaying urban fabrics from one hand and the necessity to develop large cities from one hand and the necessity to develop large cities from other hand, has resulted in special attentions to be paid by the urban authorities towards decaying urban fabrics. Up to now, various attempts on national and international level have been under taken to regenerate and revitalize urban distressed areas. The present study has given some proposals about some events for confronting with the problem of urban distressed areas of today's urban texture.The search method based on problems solving technique by identify opportunities and weaknesses of those fabrics.

Nanotechnology is the origin of technological developments and is considered as the next industrial revolution, and many countries are trying to meet their needs by means of this technology. This technology is in early stages of its growth and detailed predictions about the development process and its dimensions are not possible. The early toxicology studies show that nano-particles can influence human health and also can have environmental effects. Considering the importance of this issue, assessment of environmental risks in the initial stages of knowledge generation and ideas can produce beneficial effects on preventing the spread of environmental damage and also have growing impact on sustainable development of this technology. In this study which is the result of MSc thesis, at first various areas of nanotechnology research and also various factors of environmental and human health risks have been identified, using literature reviews. Then, necessary information was extracted from all research indexed in Scopus site. Finally received data are classified and analysis, based on data mining processes. The results showed that nano-particles, nano-fibers and inorganic structures, have the greatest impact on the overall environmental risk. Also, researches in nano-particle area have most effects on Carcinogenicity, Danger to aquatic environment and Sensitization by skin contact, between other research areas. Therefore, controlling these three factors can have a significant impact on decreasing the environmental and human health risks. Also sensitivity analysis of nano areas on various aspects of risks has been described thoroughly.

In order to designate an appropriate land use for a region, selected land use should be proper in terms of social and environmental factors. In the other hand the role of each criteria may be different of other criteria's role in point of affection in the decision making process. In this research in order to estimation land use for Darabad region, has been applied Analytical Hierarchy Process. In this regard after gathering site and library information about case study and identify related experts and interview with them three alternatives which are Ecotourism, Protection, Logical exploitation in order to proper management and also tree view of objective, criteria and sub criteria are designed and with using 21 questionnaires with experts comments, each of the tables for binary comparisons related to the Analytical Hierarchy Process are scored.The result shows that among three alternatives which are Ecotourism, Protection. Logical exploitation in order to proper management of Darabad region respectively alternatives Ecotourism, Protection, Logical exploitation has been prioritized.