Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Volume:17 Issue: 1, 2013

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the commonest consequence after surgery which can lead to multiple difficulties on different body systems. The aim of this study was to compare Dexamethasone and Metoclopramide effect in preventing PONV and pain. In a clinical trial, 60 ASA 1-2 patients who were candidate for elective inguinal surgery were randomly divided into two equal groups. One group (M) received the intravenous 10mg Metoclopramide and the other group (D) received 8mg Dexamethasone 10 min before extubation and 6 hours after the end of the surgery. The indication of PONV, the time to the first request for analgesic and the amount of analgesic in the course was recorded 24 hours after surgery. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. The indication of PONV had no significant difference in both groups (P>0.05). The time to the first request for analgesic in group (M) was less than group (D) (p=0.063) and the amount of used analgesic in group (D) was less than group (M) (p=0.177) but had no significant difference. Prescription frequency of analgesic was significantly lower in dexamethasone group (P=0.033). There was no statistically significant difference between two groups in the rate of PONV, but due to the analgesia effects of Dexamethasone, using this drug after surgery is recommended.

The study was performed to investigate the effects of morphine dependency and morphine withdrawal on the reproductive system of adult male rat (Wistar).

32 adult male rat divided into 5 groups. Animals in the control group (n=8) received normal saline (1ml/kg) twice daily subcutaneously for 30 consecutive days. Animals in dependent group (n=8) received morphine (10mg/ml/kg). In 2 other groups (n=4) withdrawal syndrome signs were evaluated with naloxone injection (4mg/kg). Receiving morphine for 30 days، animals of the withdrawal group (n=8) didn’t receive any drug for 14 consecutive days (spontaneous withdrawal).

The data showed that in the morphine dependent animals serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone as well as partial weights of prostates and seminal vesicles، weights of prostates and seminal vesicles، and seminal vesicles contents reduced as compared with control group (p<0. 05). In the withdrawal group seminal vesicles contents were lower than the control group (p<0. 05).

Results of this study indicate that morphine dependency influence the sex hormone concentrations in serum and reproductive system and may cause reduction in fertility and libido decline in men.

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood often is could lead to frequent relapses or steroid dependency. Levamisole has been used for this purpose in recent years. But its short and long-term efficacy is still under investigation. This study was done to evaluate the effects of levamisole in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome among children. 20 children (11 boys، 9 girls، mean age 6. 3+ 3. 3 years) with steroid dependency or frequent relapses were included in the study. After induction of remission with prednisolone 60 mg/m2/day، levamisole was added in a dose of 2. 5mg/kg on alternate days while prednisolone dose was reduced to 40 mg/m2/every other day. Then prednisolone was gradually tapered and discontinued. Then the relapse rate and the total cumulative dose of prednisolone before and during levamisole therapy were compared. The duration of levamisole therapy was 25 18. 5 months. The relapse rate was 2. 43±0. 98/y before and 0. 73±0. 78/y during levamisole therapy. The difference was statistically significant (P<0. 0001). The cumulative steroid dose was 513±192 mg/m2/months before levamisole which was reduced to 292±101 mg/m2/months following levamisole introduction (P<0. 0001). Levamisole was effective in15 (75%) patients. No side effect was reported during levamisole therapy. levamisole is efficacious in managing steroid-dependent frequent-relapsing idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood and long-term relapse-free periods may be expected.

Physician–patient communication is a fundamental aspect of cancer care especially when the bad news is broken out for the patient. Because of the rising trend of breast cancer incidence in Iran and the important effects of physician communication style at the time of diagnosis on patients'' quantity and quality of life more studies in this area can improve physician–patient communication and also help develop local training protocols.

32 women with breast cancer who were supported by Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences، met the inclusion criteria and participated in this qualitative study using purposeful sampling method and an open-ended questionnaire of ‘heartfelt writings’. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis by Lundman and Graneheim methods.

The findings indicated two themes of «creating hope» and «building trust» as the preferences of patients receiving the news of breast cancer diagnosis from their physicians.

Hope and confidence are preferences of women with breast cancer at the time of disclosing diagnosis. Due to the role of physician''s communication skills in creating two mentioned components، conducting training courses for them is recommended.

Consideration of risk factors of Cancer and their clinical consequences is important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive role of psychosocial and demographical risk factors for odds ratio of suffering by of cancer. In a Case- Control study، 335 included 163 patients with cancers (solid tumors) of those patients that attended to Cancer Institute Hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences for chemotherapy and 172 healthy persons of staffs in Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected by convenience sampling. Demographical questionnaire and Irrational Health Belief Scale (IHBS)، Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC)، and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II) used for collected data. Then، data analyzed by Chi Square، T test and Logistic Regression with PASW. Inappropriate socio-economic Status (OR=4/856; %CI: 1/907-6/562)، age (OR=6/823; %CI: 1/826-8/286)، familial cancer history (OR=7/996; %CI: 1/830-10/283)، existence of irrational health belief (OR=3/589; %CI: 1/048-4/131)، health locus of control (OR=4/386; %CI: 1/833-6/924) and life style (OR=5/738; %CI: 1/714-7/463) significantly differentiated patients with cancer from healthy persons (P<0/001). Sex factor do not significantly able to differentiate two groups (P>0/05). In this model، psychosocial and demographical risk factors except to gender increase the odds ratio of suffering by cancer. These variables all together may explain greater variation in probability of cancer. These results have applied implications in preventive intervention programming for cancer and related complications.

Coronary disease is the most common cause of death in the world. Because of common risk factors، atherosclerotic stenosis of coronary and carotid arteries occurs together. This study evaluated the prevalence of carotid stenosis in diabetic candidates for angiography

In a cross-sectional study، 152 diabetic candidates for angiography referred to cardiology clinic of Shariati Hospital in 2011 went under angiography and Doppler echocardiography. Data were analyzed employing chi-square and ordinal regression.

Results indicated a negative correlation between carotid stenosis and coronary disease (P=0. 017) which means without coronary disease، there was 1. 7 times less risk for carotid stenosis. Age، duration of diabetes، side of carotid stenosis، and plaque size showed no effects on these variables، while female gender (P=0. 03)، no history of variables like smoking (P=0. 026)، hypertension (P<0. 001)، cerebral vessels disease (p=0. 003)، and family history of coronary disease (P=0. 01) showed significant effect on relation between coronary disease and carotid stenosis.

In diabetic patients with female gender، with history of smoking، hypertension، cerebral vessels disease and family history of coronary disease، carotid stenosis and coronary disease have co-incidence without relation to these factors. It appears that diabetes independently causes involvement in both carotid and coronary arteries.

There is growing evidence for neuropsychology dysfunction in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Moreover، the phenomenological، etiological and neurological relationship between these two disorders lead to raising this question whether there is any difference in PTSD and OCD patient’s performance on verbal and nonverbal memory. Twenty individuals with PTSD، 15 subjects with OCD، and 17 normal subjects participated in this study. All subjects were matched by age، sex، and socio-economic status. Patient groups were recruited from different hospitals and clinics in Tehran. The instruments consisted of Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM (SCID)، Beck depression inventory (BDI-II)، Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS)، Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R)، Wechsler memory scale third edition (WMS-III) and Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT). To analyze the data، one-way ANOVA، Multivariate Covariate، Univariate Covariate and Bonforroni Post-hoc Comparison were used. PTSD patients had a weaker performance in all comparisons and the performance of OCD patients in non-verbal memory was lower than control group. It seems that PTSD patients represented such a performance due to the effect of symptom intensity of this disorder، chronic illness and also differences in neuropsychology system.

Previous researches have shown that children with autism spectrum disorder and mental retardation have some dysfunctions in attention and inhibition functions. The present study evaluated the performance of attention and response inhibition in autism spectrum disorders، mental retardation and normal children. The method of this study was Ex post factor، so 15 children with autism spectrum disorder، 15 children with mental retardation and 15 normal children were selected through Stroop neuropsychological test and CPT. Data analysis was performed by using methods of ANOVA and LSD post hoc test and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric via SPSS-17. Data analysis showed that there is a significant difference among the three groups in the function of selective attention (p<0/0001) and inhibition (p<0/0001). In addition، It clearly illustrated that there is no significant difference between children with autism and mental retardation (p<0/535) in the components of continuous performance test. Furthermore، a significant difference was observed between autism and normal children (p<0/0001)، and mentally retarded and normal children (p<0/0001) Based on the components attention and response inhibitions were significantly different among the three groups; consequently، the performance of mental retarded children were weaker than autism spectrum disorder and normal children and the performance of children with autism spectrum disorders were weaker than normal children.

many of Iran- Iraq war veterans، stricken to post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and therefore، they and their wives have several problems. The aim of this study was the comparison of social support and religiosity in PTSD patients، their wives and control group. This research was a causal-comparative study. For surveying the study variables، 25 PTSD patients، 25 PTSD patient’s wives and 25 normal subject were selected by convenience sampling method. The Duke’s social support questioner and the religiosity scale of Atkins and Havdon were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by the use of descriptive components and one way ANOVA method. the results showed that the amount of social support in PTSD patients and their wives was lower than control group، but between PTSD patients and their wives didn’t seen any significant differences. The amount of religiosity in PTSD patients and their wives was higher than control group. Also in this case didn’t seen significant different between PTSD patients and their wives. In social support and religiosity components there is similarity between PTSD patients and their wives، but there is deference between these two groups with control group.

Asthma is a common respiratory disorder which often exacerbated during sleep. This study was done to determine sleep disorders among patients suffered from asthma. In this cross-sectional descriptive study، 95 asthmatic patients were selected using convenient sampling method. A questionnaire consisting of both demographic information and Global Sleep Assessment was employed to gather data. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 15. The prevalence of disorder differs from % 1/1 (sleep waking)، to %78 /9 (interruption in sleep maintenance). As there is a high prevalence of sleep disorders among asthmatic patients، early detection and treatment of this disease is recommended.