نشریه پژوهش در پزشکی
سال سی و هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 147، پاییز 1392)

Abstract

Wet cupping is a traditional method of treatmentwhose actual mechanism and impact is not completely known yet in spite of its effect on the prevention and treatment of diseases. This research was conducted on Mice (BALB/C) in Hamedan’s University of Bu-Ali Sina on 2012 to determine the effect of one and two instances of wet cupping on hematology parameters.

this experimental research was conducted on 24 mice in three groups. Experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 were wet cupped once and twice respectively with the aforementioned method and their hematological indices such as white blood cells; lymphocytes, granulocytes, red blood cells, hemoglobin and platelets were determined. The interval between the wet cuppings of experimental group 2 was 10 days and the control group was not wet cupped. Hematology indices were measured and statistically analyzed using ANOVA test after the first and second week.

the amount of RBC on the 14th day in the control group, experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 were 10.7±0.36, 9.9±0.23 and 11.1±0.16, respectively (P<0.05). Also, the amount of hematocrit in control group, experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 was measured at 47.7±0.61, 45.6±1.1 and 51±0.66, respectively. There was a significant increase in the group that received wet cupping twice.

apparently, wet cupping increases RBC and hematocrit indices onmice over time. It can be probably effective in anemia caused by chronic kidney diseases. At the end, wet cupping is recommended for treating chronic kidney diseases caused by anemia due to its effects on erythropoietin hormone.

Abstract Dental caries are one of the major clinical problems. Bacterial treatment is an alternative technique for pathogen microorganism replacement. The most common bacterial treatment technique is using probiotic bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate short-term consumption of probiotic yogurt on salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in adult. A crossover, double blind, randomized clinical trial was performed on 32 healthy adults having Streptococci mutans and 28 healthy adults having Lactobacillus. The samples were randomly divided into two groups for each microorganism. A control group consuming conventional yoghurt and a sample group consuming probiotic yoghurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacteria for 3 weeks. 0.7 ml unstimulated saliva was collected from each participant directly into graduated test tubes 1 day prior and after each intervention. Mitis Salivarius Agar and MRS were respectively the selective media for Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. Periods 1 and 3 were run-in and washout periods of 1 and 2 weeks respectively. The data were analyzed with Wilcoxon and chi-square tests. The decrease in Streptococcus mutans colony count in the sample group was not significant (p<0.7). However, Lactobacillus colony count showed a significant decrease (p<0.01) in the sample group. It seems that short-term consumption of probiotic yogurt cannot change Streptococcus mutans populations, but significantly reduces the level of salivary Lactobacilli.

Abstract

Regarding the prevalence of chronic pain in human society, the new strategy and methods for treatment of chronic pain are necessary. Therefore, the present study has investigated effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on self-efficacy among chronic low back pain patients.

The target population of this clinical trial study was consisted of 23 women with chronic back pain whom patients were randomly selected and were divided into experimental and control groups. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) was administered to the experimental group, and control group did not receive any treatment. Data were gathered through administration pain self-efficacy questionnaire. Mann-Whitney Test was used for data analysis.

Mann-Whitney Test revealed a significant difference in the post-test scores in both the experimental and control group.

According to the results findings, mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy is effective in increasing self-efficacy in patients with chronic low back pain.

Abstract Due to the growing prevalence of the phenomena of anxiety and reports of successful treatment with hypnotherapy, this study was conducted because of the inadequate empirical research in this field in Iran. The study was a clinical trial from patients of a clinic. 26 patients whom their anxiety disorders were identified through DSM-IV questioner participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned in experimental and control conditions. Their anxiety was measured by Zung question. The rate of anxiety was similar in both groups. Hypnotherapy was conducts for case group during five weeks by a psychologist with master degree under controlled professor. At the end of fifth week, their anxiety was measured for the second time. Data were analyzed and compared using covariance test in two groups. The experimental and control groups were similar in the 13-member that early anxiety’s control group and experimental group were 50.31± 11.45 and 59.12.±7.7 respectively (P<0.1). The anxiety after five weeks in the control group and hypnotherapy group were 58.10 ± 12.35 and 32.9 ±6.63 respectively. In the hypnotherapy group anxiety were significantly reduced (43.3 reduction) (P<0.000), but there was not any significant change in the level of anxiety in control group. it seems that hypnotherapy can reduce anxiety and so it is a valuable treatment that can to be considered.

Abstract The role of serum lipid profile in development of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The main purpose of current study was to compare the serum level of total cholesterol (TC), low-density cholesterol (LDL-CH), high-density cholesterol (HDL-CH) and triglysrides (TG) between patients with ICH and matched healthy subjects. There were 116 patients with ICH and 116 patients with low back pain as control group contributed in this retrospective control case study. The serum level of TC, LDL-CH, HDL-CH and TG were compared between two groups utilizing independent samples t-testand Mann Whitney U test. The serum level of TC was the same between two groups (189±49 mmol/L v.s 178±49 mmol/L; p=0.256). The serum level of LDL-CH (113±32 mmol/L v.s 96±39 mmol/L; p=0.001) and HDL-CH (43±10 mmol/L v.s 38±41 mmol/L; p=0.0001) was significantly higher and TG (123±69 mmol/L v.s 144±70 mmol/L; p=0.003) was significantly lower in the ICH group compared with control group. Hypercholesterolemia, but not hypocholesterolemia, and increased serum level of TG are associated with increased risk of ICH. Based on the large controversies exist regarding the findings of previous studies, more studies are required to determine the role and mechanism of action of cholesterol and TG in increasing the risk of ICH.

Abstract Lymph proliferative is the popular disease after organ transplant. The prophylactic use of ganciclovir is one of the solutions in preventing this disease. In this study, the effect of prophylaxis ganciclovir in the prevention of PTLD in children was examined. In this cohort study, case group of children who had undergone a liver transplant in January 2011 to March 2012 have been received prophylaxis ganciclovir. The control group of children, who underwent liver transplantation from March 2009 to December 2010, not received prophylaxis ganciclovir. The incidence of PTLD and mortality in the two groups were compared. Patient follow-up in relation to lymph proliferative disease and its side effect was carried out. Background information was obtained from the patient’s file. The data was analyzed by SPSS software. In total, 203 children with liver transplant were entered into the study. Control group of 108 children, 45 girls and 63 boys. The mean age of control group was between 8.7± 5.6 and in the case group was between 9±5.6. Case group of 95 patients, 37 were girls and 58 were boys. In the control group, 12 (11.1%) and in case group 5 (5.3%), PTLD were diagnosed (p<0.02). The mortality rate in the control group was 5(4.6%) and in the case group was 0. The difference was significant (p<0.05). Prophylaxis ganciclovir is effective in decreasing the rate of PTLD and the mortality resulting from that in children after transplant.

Abstract there are serological evidences about association between Mycoplasma pneumonia and cardiovascular diseases. It has been suggested that this Microorganism may have an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is to determine the presence of mycoplasma genome in atherosclerotic plaques by PCR. This study was done on fifty atherosclerotic plaques specimens from patients with aortic aneurysms and carotid artery stenosis and limb ischemia. All patients underwent surgery. The specimens were analyzed by PCR for the presence of 16srRNA genus specific gene. Male and female were 43 and 7, respectively. Risk factors were consisted of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, history of IHD and myocardial infarction. Statistical analysis was performed through SPSS program version 16. This investigation showed the presence of Mycoplasma genome in 20% of atherosclerotic plaques. In positive cases, eight patients had aortic aneurysm and two patients had carotid artery stenosis. Among all patients, hyperlipidemia in 26%, hypertension in 52%, mellitus diabetes in 20%, smoking in 52%, IHD in 38% and history of MI in 10% of cases were seen. Our results demonstrated the presence of Mycoplasma genome in atherosclerotic plaques. The results supported the correlation between Mycoplasma pneumonia and atherosclerosis. In addition, display inflammation by this organism accompanied by risk factors, had important role in atherosclerosis progression.

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosalung infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The type III secretion system is an important and identified virulence determinant of P. aeruginosa that delivers effector proteins into targeted host cells. Three effector proteins have been described in P. aeruginosa: exoS, exoT, exoU. Unlike many studies that have been done on bacterial virulence factors in acute conditions, fewer studies have been done on virulence factors of bacteria in chronic disease and conditions such as cystic fibrosis.

this study investigated 51 sputum samples containing P. aeruginosa from child patients with cystic fibrosis for their possession of genes associated with the type III secretion system (exoU, exoS, exoT). PCR assays using specific primers were used to determine the distribution of the type III secretion toxin-encoding genes exoU, exoT and exoS for the test strains.

In this study from 51 samples, 34 of samples (6.66%) were resistant to trimethoprim, 19 of samples (2.37%) were resistant to gentamicin, and 11 samples (5.21%) were resistant to amikacin and cefepime, 10 samples (6.19%) were resistant to tobramycin, 8 cases (6.15%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 7 samples (7.13%) were resistant to imipenem, 5 (8/9%) were resistant to ceftazidime and 3 cases (8.5%) were resistant to meropenem. In the current study, from the total of 51 sputum samples, 46 samples (90%) possessed the exoT gene, 40 samples (75%) possessed the exoS genewhereas 13 samples (25%) possessed the exoU gene.

In this study, the resistance against antibiotics of aminoglycosides (gentamicin), fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) and broad-spectrum cephalosporins (cefepime or Ceftazidime) was observed in 13/7% of the samples showing the emergence of multi-drug resistance in these samples. Our results demonstrated that most of our isolates harbored type III secretion toxin-encoding genes, but isolates containing the ExoS-encoding gene are significantly more common among CF patient isolates indicating that ExoS-secreting strains are selected for survival in CF patient airways.

Abstract

The objective of current research is to study the quality of Digital Integrated Library of Medicine workshops in Iran (INLM).

This study was performed with qualitative approach using grounded theory. Sampling was done with purposeful method. Twenty eligible teachers were elected for this study, but after 10 interviews, data saturation was occurred. Data were collected by semi- structured interview. Mean time for interviews was 60 to 75 minutes. Purposeful and continuous analysis of data was performed simultaneously with their collecting. Finally, facilitator and deterrent factors for promoting the quality of INLM workshops were evaluated.

The main variable, which is effective factor on quality of workshops, was named “individual-directorial” factor, which contains 7 subsidiary categories: education, motivation, workshop timing, workshop location, workshop tooling, workshops continuity, and workshop notification.

It seems that there are a collection of individual and directorial feathers to held workshops with higher quality.

Abstract Transcendental leadership is a success secret of organizations in performance of the assigned tasks. What leadership style is dominant in multitasking organizations and what leadership style is ideal for increase level of excellence and how and to what extent the mentioned organizations transcend have been less studied. This research was conducted in 2012-2013 considering information gap in research area of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The research has been conducted in descriptive method. To study leadership styles, Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) has been used and to study organizational excellence, EFQM Excellence Model was used. These two questionnaires have been studied on 441 members of faculty board, personnel and students in 21 centers, which provide research services of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, which had been selected with cluster random sampling..In this research, mean ranks of 0 to 4 were determined for determining three styles of transformational leadership, transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles and organizational excellence among the studied people based on the maximum 1000 scores (EfQm, version 2010) and correlation between these two factors was specified, analyzed and reported with multiple regression analysis. The most prevalent leadership style in this study was transactional leadership style with rank 3.22 and transformational leadership style with rank 3.16 and finally laissez-faire leadership style with rank 2.95. In other words, profile of dominant leadership style in research area of university is transactional leadership style while this style alone doesn’t play role in organizational excellence of research area (P=0.49 and beta=0.04). On the contrary, transformational leadership style has had absolute effect on excellence (P<0.01 and beta=%37). Mean rank of excellence in the university is 496 and the best rank belongs to Masih Daneshvary Centre and Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Diseases Research Center (605) and the least rank relates to Faculty of Rehabilitation with rank of 395. It is necessary to note that Masih Daneshvary Centre and Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Diseases Research Center have had the highest score together in transformational and transactional leadership style. It seems that: first, excellence in university should be seriously considered and considering that heart research area is motor of scientific development in universities and it should be increasingly considered. Second, although dominant leadership style in university is transactional, it has no acceptable correlation with excellence and it is recommended to study causes and necessary actions for solving the mentioned problem and use transformational leadership style.