نشریه پژوهش در پزشکی
سال سی و هشتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 150، تابستان 1393)

Various studies indicated that epithelial cells derived from the amniotic membranes of human term placenta have inhibitory effect on components of the innate or acquired immune system. On the other hand، during pregnancy one of the most inhibitory mechanisms of fetal survival maybe though to close contact between AECs and maternal myeloid derived (DCs) that leads to generate immunological tolerance avoid from tissue graft rejection by maternal immune defense. In the presence study we look out for generating tollerogenic DCs from human monocytes derived iDCs by co-culturing with human term amniotic isolated epithelial cells to demonstrate inhibitory effect of AECs on phenotyping changes and maturation of cultured DCs. This change included: expression of immature (CD14، CD1a) or mature (CD80، CD86، CD83) CD markers and MHC I، II by flow cytometer technique. The cultivation system improved by addition of LPS، IL4&GM-CSFgrowth factors and insert chamber contact manner during 7 days culture. Cytokine research was done by ELISA method (IL12،IL10). The surface expression of CD markers CD14، CD1a، CD80، CD86، CD83، HLA-DR and CD40) and secreted cytokines (IL10 and IL12) of cultural MDDCs during maturation of mature and immature DCs between two groups: test and controls (in the absent of AECs) no significant differences were observed. Any effects have been concluded from maturation and differentiation of MDDCs by co-culture with hAECs. Growing on future study by various changes in culture system our suggestion is implicate.

Diet as one of the most important lifestyle factors play an important role in the control and treatment of diabetes and related outcomes. Among dietary factors legumes as a functional food are rich source of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, fiber, polyphenols and other antioxidants. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of legume intake in therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC) diet on inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic patients. In this randomized crossover trial, 24 subjects with type 2 diabetes in the age range of 50 to 80 years were selected. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups receiving TLC (control) or the TLC diet with legumes (replacing meat with 2 servings of legumes in their TLC diet, three days a week). Period of each diet was 8 weeks with a 4 week wash out period. At the beginning and end of two dietary periods, fasting blood samples were taken to measure the fasting plasma glucose and inflammatory markers C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6, CRP, TNF-α). In both diets after 8 weeks intervention fasting plasma glucose, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 significantly decreased compare with baseline values (p<0.05). Compare with TLC diet, TLC diet with legume significantly decreased CRP and TNF-α (p<0.05). Replacement of 2 servings of legumes instead of meat 3 days a week in the TLC diet resulted in improved inflammatory markers CRP and TNF-α.

Understanding the electrophysiological effects of toxins, may facilitate new drugs discovery. Buthotusschach (BS) has been shown to be one of the most dangerous scorpions in tropical part of Iran. Present study was aimed to investigate the electrophysiological effects of two active fractions (F4 and F6) isolated from BS scorpion toxin on action potential (AP) characteristics of snail neurons. Intracellular recording was made from F1 cells of Helix aspersa in the presence and absence of extracellular application of F4 and F6fractions (50nM and1µM) isolated from BS scorpion venom. In control condition, the resting membrane of neurons (RMP) -43.11±0.33 mV,the AP amplitude was 49.34±0.39mV and the time to peak of AP was 17.02±0.32 ms. While addition of F4 fraction to the bathing solution had a dual effects on membrane potential in a voltage dependent manner. Therefore,it caused membrane hyperpolarization at 50nM (-48.81±0.54 mV; p<0.001), but its 1µM concentration shifted the membrane potential towards depolarized voltages (-40.35±0.25 mV; p<0.001).The amplitude of AP was significantly decreased only by low dose of F4 fraction (45.38±0.46mV; p<0.001).The time to peak was significantly (p≤0.001) increased by both concentrations of F4 fraction. While F6 fraction made the RMP more depolarized. In addition, Ringer containing 50nM of F6 fraction led to a significant increase in the amplitude (52.27±0.39 mV; p<0.001) and the time to peak of AP (28.04±0.92 ms, p<0.001),whereas at higher concentration had no significant effect on these parameters. F4 and F6 fractions caused changes in the AP characteristics, which based on the role of sodium channels in the amplitude and the time to peak it seems these fractions possibly changes the aforementioned parameters through effects on sodium channels.

Considering the importance of getting informed about the ocular volume and dimensions in treatment and surgical projects, and also the lack of information about the ocular volume in Iran. This investigation was performed in 1392 in Kermanshah. This cross-sectional study carried out on 60 healthy individuals referred to imaging center at Imam Reza hospital in the city of Kermanshah, Iran. The precondition for people to enter the study was the approval made by in-house physician based on person’s state of health and the absence of any pathological lesion in orbit on the basis of images obtained by MRI. After performing MRI, all images were stored on a compact disc. Therefore, by using computer software, calculated dimensions and volumes using the formula and evaluted the role of age and gender in both eyes by the t-test. This study was performed on 60 persons were the mean age is 38.9 ±10.9. The mean ocular volume for both eyes was 5594±785 mm3;and the mean axial long was 22.06±1.46 mm and the mean transverse diameteris 21.93±1.17 mm. Age and gender in two eyes wasn’t influnce in ocular volume and another dimension. it seems the volume and dimentions of the ocular in Iranian society is different from other countries, which suggests further investigations in the mater.

This study aimed to translate the SERVQUAL questionnaire adapted for hospital services by Babakus et al. to Persian language. This questionnaire consists of five dimensions in two categories for expectations and perceptions. The hospital services’ quality gap is assessed by the difference between expectations and perceptions. This is a descriptive study. Four translators using forward-backward technique translated the English version of questionnaire into Persian language. The content and face validity of the translated questionnaire was tested and confirmed. In order to test the reliability and construct validity the questionnaire was administered to 200 patients admitted to Taleghani hospital from January to May 2013. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Given the nature of this study and the lack of ability to use test–retest method, the internal consistency of the questionnaire was tested using Guttman split-half coefficient and in order to examine the dimensionality exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and correlation tests were used and a two-construct measure model was justified (CFMIN/DF=3.897, CFI=0.997). This study showed that translated version of SERVQUAL questionnaire has acceptable reliability and validity and is a practical instrument for evaluating service quality of hospitals from the patients’ perspective.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging pathogen of growing significance that has been more frequently isolated in nosocomial specimens. These bacteria have ability of gene transfer between its types and other bacteria as caused for resistance against antibiotics and resistance scattering of bacteria. The aim of this research is determination of resistance for antibiotics and minimum extent of MIC concentration and separated Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in Tabriz hospital. 61 clinical samples were collected within 9 months during 2013-2014 at Imam Reza medical center in Tabriz, Iran for identification of bacteria. The activity of various antimicrobial agents for 12 different antibiotics was determined with disk diffusion methods according to CLSI guideline (PadtanTeb) and MIC test carried out for imipenem, ciprofloxacin and amikacin antibiotics on samples. Out of the 61 clinical Acinetobacter baumanniiisolates collected, 59 (96.7%) were multi drug resistant (MDR). Respiratory tract specimens were the most common place of Acinetobacter isolation. To determine the disk diffusion agar method, the highest levels of antibiotic resistance were seen against imipenem, ceftazidime, ceftriaxon, and ciprofloxacin (99%). Colistin(89%), amikacin and tobramycin (50%) were the most effective antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii. MIC test among all samples shows that, 73.3% of factors have MIC ≥32 to imipenem, 93.3% of factors have MIC ≥ 32 tociprofloxacin and 38% of factors have MIC ≥ 256 to amikacin. Our results confirm the high prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii resistant isolates and the ensuing therapeutic problems in Iran and determination of the resistance patterns of these bacteria according to MIC is necessary. It would be a good idea to consider surveillance of antibiotic usage and restriction of using broad-spectrum antibiotics before development of resistance to these agents.

providers and policy makers to identify programs and plan capable to balance birth could use Information about women’s beliefs and preferences regarding their choice of birth control methods. The aim of the current study is to investigate socio-behavioral and reproductive factors influencing the choice of contraceptive methods among a large number of Tehranian women. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2551 women divided into five groups according to their birth control methods, which included: hormonal, mechanical, natural, permanent and mixed methods of contraception. All socio-demographic, behavioral and reproductive data were extracted from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study data bank. The mean age of subjects was 39.4±10.5 Hormonal(0.66%) and natural (37.12%) methods were the least and most popular methods among participants, respectively. The odds of hormonal (OR: 0.96; 95%CI: 0.94-0.98), mechanical (OR: 0.97) and mixed methods (OR: 0.91) declined with increasing age. Compared with higher educated women, participants with secondary school (OR: 2.08) education were more likely to use permanent methods. Women with 3-5 living children had more tendencies to use permanent contraception. The past history of abortion decreased the odds of choosing hormonal methods of contraception(OR: 0.60). Age, education, parity, number of living children, abortion and smoking are associated with choice of contraceptive methods among Tehranian women and these information could be used for family planning.

Anemia is one of the most important issues in children's general health and among the most common type of anemia is iron deficiency anemia in this group. This study was performed with the aim to determine mothers behavior based on health belief model of using iron complementation in children 6 to 24 months in Shahrekord city. In this descriptive study, which was performed in 1391, 83 Mothers with children (6-24 months) were enrolled and completed the questionnaire designed based on health belief model. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed in a pilot study (a=0.79). The data were analyzed by software SPSS-16, Spearman correlation test and Fisher test. Age of mothers was 28.95±4.05 and 83% of mothers were housewives and high percentage (44.6%) had university education. Awareness, sensitivity and perceived severity of majority were and perceived benefits (59%) were good. However, the attitude of a considerable percentage (41%) towards removing the barriers (perceived barriers) was poor. Also, the performance of the 34.9 percent was poor. Between awareness, education and number of children, there was significant relationship (p<0.001) between performance and perceived barriers was significant inverse relationship (p<0.001, r =- 0.49). It seems that attitudes of mothers toward remove of obstructs in given the iron drop to the child has been poor. Therefore, necessary to develop continuing education programs and effective in the field is felt.

Cardiovascular disease and coronary disease is at the top of the main causes of death in developed and developing countries. In many studies have been done in recent years, the role of heart rate recovery (HRR) as a predictor of mortality in patients with efficient factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and vascular involvement are well known. In this research relationship between HRR and significant CAD has been studied. This research is a diagnostic study. In this study patients from 2012/15/2to 2013/15/2 due to chest pain were referred to Loghman Hakim hospital were studied. Patients with atypical chest pain and positive exercise test underwent angiography. If the exercise test was negative nuclear scan also requested. If nuclear scan was negative, patients were considered Non-CAD. Patients with positive scan underwent coronary angiography. After exercise test HRR in minutes 1 and 2 was calculated. An independent interventionist who was unaware about ETT results interpreted angiographic results. In this study, a total of 106 patients were studied; who 41 patients(38.7%) were female and 65 patients(61.3%)were male.11 patients(10%) had abnormal HRR1 and 8 patients(8%) had abnormal HRR2.25 patients(23.6%)had significant CAD in angiography and 81 patients(76.4%) had non-significant CAD. Positive predictive value of first minute HRR was 83.2% and negative predictive value was 81.8%; and for second minute HRR time it was 80.6% and 75% sequentially and p-value was<0.9.It seems that there is no relationship between HRR and CAD and we can’t use HRR to predict significant CAD at least in this time.