مجله پژوهش فیزیک ایران
سال دهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1389)

We have investigated hall effect on YBa2Cu3-xMxO7-δ (M=Ni, Fe) bulk samples, with dopant amount 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.045 for Ni and 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03 for Fe, with magnetic field (H=2.52, 4.61, 6.27 kOe) perpendicular to sample’s surface with constant current 100 mA. Our study shows that as both dopants increases, TC decreases and it decreases faster by Ni. In these ranges of dopant and magnetic field the Hall sign reversal has been observed in all samples once and also ∆max has occurred in lower temperatures, its magnitude increases by Ni, and in Fe doped samples except in sample with dopant amount x=0.03, which almost decreases, that it can show effect of magnetic doping on hall effect.

Bi1.8Pb0.4Sr2-xBaxCa2.2Cu3Oy (x-0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) samples were prepared by a conventional solid state reaction method. The effect of Ba substitution at Sr site in Bi-2223 high-TC superconductors have been investigated by the XRD, SEM, dc electrical resistivity and ac susceptibility. XRD and SEM analysis indicated Ba substitution decreased temperature of 2223 phase formation. The highest 2223 phase fraction was obtained for the sample with x=0.1 (A1 sample). This phase decreased by increasing Ba concentration (x>0.1). Ba doping up to x=0.1 decreased impurity phases but doping more than 0.1 increased. Dc electrical resistivity data and ac susceptibility measurements showed the transition temperature of grains and grain boundaries (Tc, Tcj) increased and the transition width (ΔTc) decreased for A1 sample. This behavior can be described by decreasing impurity phases and increasing 2223 phase. Flux pinning force and intergranular critical current densities (Jcm) of A1 sample increased. It was suggested it is because of a small precipitation of Ba in grain boundaries as effective pinning centers. Ba doping more than 0.1 reduced the intergranular coupling and increased weak link behavior by increasing impurity phases. It decreased Tcj, Jcm and flux pinning force.

In this paper, Bi1.64-xPb0.36CdxSr2Ca2Cu3Oy (BPCSCCO) superconductor with x = 0.0, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 is made by the solid state reaction method. The magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed using AC susceptometer. The microstructure and morphology of the samples have been studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray. The results show that the partial substitution of Pb for Bi in the Bi-based superconductor increases the volume fraction of Bi-2223 phase. We also found that by doping of Cd, the high Tc phase is promoted and stabilized in the Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. The results of the X-Ray diffraction patterns and magnetic susceptibility measurements show that the low amount of Cd and long annealing time enhance the fraction of Bi-2223 phase. The maximum value volume fraction of Bi-2223 phase for sample with annealing time of 270 hours and 0.04 of Cd doping is obtained

We have studied the thermally activated flux creep of a newly fabricated superconductor Y3Ba5Cu8O18 with the superconducting transition temperature 102 K. Analysis of the transition spread from the normal state to superconducting state in the electrical resistivity revealed that the thermally activated flux creep explains the electron share in the vicinity of the transition temperature Tc. The activation energy U in a magnetic field below 15 kOe has been calculated by the corrected thermally activated flux creep model, and the pinning energy is exponentially related to the magnetic field.

In this paper, the Y1-xCdxBa2Cu3O7-δ superconductor with x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 are prepared using the solid state method and the structure, electrical resistance, critical current density and critical temperature of it, have been studied. The results show that these doping do not affect so much on the structure and lattice parameters. The electrical resistance of samples increased with doping. A little amount of doping cadmium improve critical current density such that the sample x=0.1 has a maximum critical current density among the samples. The critical temperature with doping cadmium up to x=0.2 has little fluctuation and its variation can be ignored, but by increasing up to x=0.5 the critical temperature decreases gradually.

This paper describes the details of synthesizing nano crystalline YBCO superconductor using a sol-gel combustion method and the effect of sol pH and sintering temperature on particle size was investigated. The sintering temperature was chosen 880°C and the samples were annealed at this temperature for 5 hours. The morphology and structure of the nano scale products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed the samples prepared using the sol with pH of 5 and 7 have mean particle size of 500 and 200 nm, respectively. In order to investigate the effect of sintering temperature on the size of YBCO particles three sets of samples from the sol with pH of 7 were sintered at 800, 880 and 950°C. The results showed the samples sintered at 800, 880 and 950°C have the average particle size of 100, 200 and 400 nm respectively.

Fulx-pinning mechanism and activation energy of MgB2 doped with 10 wt % malic- acid has been investigated by measurement of critical current density and resistivity as a function of magnetic fields and temperatures. The field dependence of the critical current density, Jc(B), was analyzed within the collective pinning model. A crossover field, Bsb, from the single vortex to the small vortex bundle-pinning regime was observed. For sintered sample, the temperature dependence of Bsb(T) at low temperature is in good agreement with the δℓ pinning mechanism, i.e., pinning associated with charge-carrier mean free path fluctuation. The activation energy was decreased linearly by increasing magnetic field.

The magnetization and the critical current density of newly discovered NdO0.82F0.18FeAs superconductor with a critical temperature, Tc,, of 51.5 K has been studied as a function of applied magnetic field and temperature. It was found that this compound exhibits a standard superconductivity with diamagnetic onset close to Tc at a very low applied magnetic field. It was shown that there was a strong paramagnetic behavior at applied magnetic larger than 50 kOe. This behavior is clearly shown in magnetization curves as a function of applied magnetic field.

Single crystals of Ba1-xKxBiO3 compound for 0 < x <0.6 from insulator to superconducting region have been grown by electrochemical method. The crystals have been characterized by powder x-ray diffraction and Laue x-ray to determine the crystal structure, formed phases and potassium concentration. Inelastic x-ray scattering spectrum of the crystals has been studied to investigate the phonon properties of this system. The potassium concentration and momentum dependences of the phonon modes have been investigated. The low energy phonons are almost unchanged by increasing of potassium concentration, while the high energy modes are increased considerably by potassium concentration in agreement with Raman and reflection experiments. An anomalous and strong phonon softening has been observed for the high energy phonon modes when the system transitions from insulator to metallic and superconductor system. This anomalous effect suggests a strong electron-phonon interaction and a sign for phonon mechanism of superconductivity in Ba1-xKxBiO3 system.

We investigate the effect of dipole-dipole and quadrapole- quadrapole interaction of a weakly interacting Bose gas near the transition temperature on the energy spectra of the thermal and condensate parts. We use the two fluid model and mean field approximation. We show that the effects of the condensate part on the shift of energy is greater than the case of contact potential

In this paper, some electronics properties of new superconductor Sr2VO3FeAs, such as density of states, band structure, density of electron cloud and bound lengths in the ground state have been calculated. According to N(Ef) in ground state CV/T value has been estimated. The calculations were performed in the framework of density functional theory (DFT), using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method with the general gradient approximation (GGA).

Reitveld full profile refinement analysis has been done on Synchrotron diffraction data from a powder sample of YBCOx at RT and 500°C. Anisotropic peak broadening for (h00) and (hh0) lines has been observed by Williamson-Hall (W-H) analysis and that is in agreement with formation of twin's microstructures along (110) crystal planes in the sample. In addition, size and strain of the crystallites has been inferred in our study also.

In this paper, we investigate the coherent quantum transport in grapheme-based ferromagnet-superconductor-ferromagent junctions within the framework of BCS theory using DBdG quasiparticles equation. The coherency with the finite size of superconductor region has two characteristic features; subgap electron transport and oscillations of differential conductance. we show that periodic vanishing of the Andreev reflection at the energies called geometrical resonances above the superconducting gap is a striking consequence of quasiparticles interference. We suggest to make devices that produce polarized spin-current with possible applications in spintronics.

Charge and spin transport properties of a clean $SNS$ Josephson junction (triplet superconductor-normal metal-triplet superconductor) are studied using the quasiclassical Eilenberger equation of Green’s function. Our system consists of two p-wave superconducting crystals separated by a Copper nano layer. Effects of thickness of normal layer between superconductors on the spin and charge currents are investigated. Also misorientation between triplet superconductors which creates the spin current is another subject of this paper.

We have performed a first-principle calculation of electronic structure of RuSr2GdCu2O8, a ferromagnetic-superconductor, by employing a full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method within the density functional theory. Hydrostatic pressure applied up to 6 GPa by varying the volume of the unit cell with constant a:b:c ratio. Optimization of internal parameters showed that there exists shear stress due to the residual forces in Ru-O layers which leads to anti-phase rotation of RuO6 octahedra in experimental structure of this compound. Partial charge analysis showed that applying pressure leads to hole injection in Cu-O sheets and by applying charge transfer model, we obtained 1.9 K/GPa for the rate of increase in superconducting transition temperature with pressure. The exchange coupling interaction J between the adjacent Ru atoms was calculated by energy difference between the AFM and FM configuration of magnetic structure of Ru atoms. According to the result of the calculations, the magnetic moment of Ru atoms decreased and exchange coupling parameter J increased by applying pressure.

We study numerically the electronic heat capacity, spin and charge current in a diffusive Superconductor-Ferromagnetic-Superconductor systems، with singlet superconducting leads and non-uniform ferromagnetic layer. Specially, we focus on ferromagnetic layer with domain wall and conical structures incorporation the spin-active interfaces. We investigate, how the 0-π transition is influenced by non-uniform magnetization texture and also the appearance of spin-current in such structures. We find that for ferromagnetic layer with domain wall structure, only the one component of spin-current is non-zero and for conical structure, three components of spin-current are non-zero. Also we find that specific heat of such junctions can be tuned by changing the superconducting phase difference. Interestingly, spin-current shows a discontinuous jump at the 0-π transition points of the critical charge current.

Charge creation in superconductor layers affects current–voltage characteristics (CVC) of the Josephson junction array and creates a breakpoint region in CVC. This charge may oscillate in the form of longitudinal plasma wave, (LPW), or nonregularity. In this paper we intend to distinguish the region with LPW from the nonregular region.

We have calculated the electronic structure of Sr2RuO4 using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method in the spin polarized local density approximation. By this calculation, we identify the contribution of different electronic states near Fermi surface and study some electronic parameters like crystal electric field, exchange splitting, and hybridization between different atoms. Calculations are performed in two different approaches: LSDA and LSDA+U. By applying U, we have aimed to measure the electrons correlation near Fermi surface. Thereupon, we will answer if this system realm on the correlated systems region or not?

Electron-phonon coupling parameters are calculated for La2-x BaxCuO4 cuprate superconductor in a wide range of dopings, from undoped to overdoped compounds. In this study we aim to study the quality of such calculations based on DFT method so, the results of σ GGA+U electronic structure calculations are also investigated. The obtained value for electron-phonon coupling is in the same order of previous calculations but, the value obtained for the Hubbard U parameter shows that, such methods are poor in the estimation of electronic correlations to decide about the role of phonons in these compounds based on their results. Moreover, existence of several structural phase transitions with temperature and doping, lead to larger error in these calculations. Based on the calculated phonon dispersions, structural phase transitions can be resulted which shows the ability of DFT in the study of structural properties and the weakness of the strongly correlations in this properties.