نشریه جمعیت
پیاپی 79 (بهار 1391)

According to estimates, more than 5/1 billion Muslims live around the world. Of this population, 45 percent are living in six Muslim countries: Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Turkey and Egypt. Until now, many factors such as levels of development and geographical regions have been considered a basis for the analysis of demographic trends. But it has been less attention to religion as a determinant of age structure changes. The story of demographic transition and its dimensions is essentially based on the pattern of Western Christian societies. Currently, many development experts believe that the development linear models are not efficient enough; hence there should be more attention to the social, cultural similarities and differences between countries and communities. In this paper, according to this assumption that Muslim countries will experience a certain pattern of demographic transition, the age transition will be discussed. In this paper, similarities and differentials of trends and patterns of fertility, mortality and especially age structure are studied in six Muslim countries.

In present paper, immigrants entered to Tehran city have been compared with immigrants entered to other regions of Tehran province in terms of selected characteristics such as demographic (e.g. age, gender, marriage status), social (e.g. literacy status, education level) and economic (e.g. activity and occupational status, occupational class). Two percent of data of Population and Housing Census of Tehran Province in 2006 was employed. Results indicated that there are substantial differences between both groups of immigrants in such characteristics. These differences can be explained based on theory of selective migration. According to this theory, selecting immigration among people is U-shaped; namely, individuals with very low or very high education and expertise do immigrate greater than those with moderate education and expertise, but people with very high education and expertise immigrate mostly to metropolitan and more developed cities and people with very low education and expertise immigrate to smaller cities and less developed regions.

Registration of four vital events of birth, marriage, divorce and death in many developing countries is subject to many shortcomings and insufficiencies. Basically, such shortcomings are because of social, economical, cultural and political factors that often cause fluctuation of such information. Hence, problems of data registration are because of lack of complete coverage of vital statistic particularly for death event. In this research, the problem of late registration of vital events in Mashhad city in 1388 has been studied and demographic characteristics of reporters of vital events of birth, death and characteristics of owners of registered birth and death and influential factors in late registration or low registration are assessed. The method is secondary analysis. Statistical population includes clients to report births and deaths with delay more than one year to offices in Mashhad city in 1388 for registration. The instrument comprises of four questionnaires. In analysis of the data, using tests and statistical indicators, data are describes and analyzed. Chisquare test, Gama, Pearson correlation, Eta statistic, Kendal correlation coefficient and Phi have been used. Results showed the most important factor for mistimed registration of birth and death (delay more than one year) are: lack of knowledge on regulations of vital registrations, illiteracy of reporters, family problems, using the health insurance, using leave from compulsory military task of the second child, lack of obligation to cancel the ID, lack of ID of the parents, using certificate of restriction of inheritance.

Quality of life is a subject that recently is considered in social science researches. Many human development indicators (life expectancy, education, personal health, welfare, and...) are somehow related to quality of life. Although, at first step, a comprehensive definition cannot be provided for this concept, but it can be assessed in both objective and expectation domain of human life. This article reviews researches in the country and also using the World Health Organization definitions, have a sociological perspective towards the subject. Quality of life is the concept that it considered in this article. The main question is that “what variables affect the quality of life?” This article also examines differences in quality of life among women in Mashhad according to their employment status. This paper will address two following questions: What indicators and factors can be used for the concept of quality of life? What is the stake of each factor in differences of quality of life among study subjects (employed and unemployed women)?

Urbanization in our country was accelerated with the discovery and exploration of oil resources and this new income resource provided background for breaking traditional economy and society. Provincial centers were presented as manifest for development, ladders for progression and endless income resources by attracting the greatest capitals. Ahwaz that has passed about a century of its new life has been formed primarily based on immigration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the trend of absorbing immigrants in the city of Ahwaz and qualitative assessment of consequences of such immigration with geographical perspective. This is a developmental research based on a survey. The findings of this research indicate that despite negative rate of immigration in 2006 census in Khuzestan province, Ahwaz is considered as absorbing immigrants due to its geopolitical situation and its prime city of the province. Moreover, immigration is one of the most important factors shaping uneven physical development pattern of the city, insecurity, overpopulation and environmental issues in this city.

Norouz is one the historical festival remained from ancient period. It has been originates from ancient Iran and still many people in various regions of Iran Plateau celebrate Norouz with the initiation of spring. Noruoz in 9 countries of Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Ghazzaghistan, Azerbaijan and Albani with the same name is considered as holiday and one of the fundamental celebrations and festivals in Asia. Hence, vast geographical areas of Norouz celebration, and simultaneous to spring and its historical background and its emphasis on friendship between people and kindness among people in the world, caused receiving more attention of United Nation to this event. Norouz, originated from Iran and had a history of more than 3000 years and nowadays, more than 300 million people celebrate it every year. One of means to identify countries which celebrate Norouz is studying quality and quantity of their population and assessing the human geography and demographic and social indicators. To identify the characteristics of population of countries with Norouz festival, comparisons of statistical data particularly, demographic indicators of each country can be made.

One of the most fundamental principles of urban planning and management is consideration of population changes and appropriate knowledge of the structure of its population. Since, the effect of historical developments and social and political and economic factors on equilibrium of population structure in all parts of the city is not similar, there are space inconsistencies in population structure in urban areas, which leads to the formation of different needs among urban areas. Hence, to promote welfare and enjoyment of citizens and policy in the distribution of urban services, recognition of this divergence are necessary. This study identified the most important indicators of population and the spatial contrast among the 44 regions of Mashhad as the second metropolitan city of country. To do that, we used descriptive- analysis method using data derived from library studies and documents. For explaining the relationship between the variables studied, using the correlation test and the T-test, in the form of software SPSS, for data analysis. Also for displaying special difference with the help of GIS software, maps were designed and in order to better understand the spatial structure of populations and how to establish it among the urban areas, each of the indicators is evaluated in three categories. The results show a significant relationship between population structure, distribution of urban facilities and services with urban growth and physical development.