فصلنامه حیات
سال بیست و دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 72، زمستان 1395)

The challenges that patients face after intestinal ostomy surgery can lead to impaired adjustment and self-efficacy. There is evidence suggesting these variables have reciprocal effects on each other. Therefore¡ the present study aimed to determine the correlation between adjustment and self-efficacy in patients with intestinal ostomy.
Methods & Materials: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 76 patients with intestinal ostomy hospitalized in hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences using convenience sampling method in 2015. Research instruments were comprised of the demographic and disease information questionnaire¡ the Stoma Self-efficacy Scale¡ and the Ostomy Adjustment Inventory. The SPSS software v.19 using descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the data.
The results of Pearson correlation test showed a significant and positive linear correlation between the mean score of self-efficacy and the dimensions of adjustment: acceptance (P The results revealed that the dimensions of social engagement and acceptance of ostomy were the most important factors in relation to self-efficacy. Therefore¡ in order to care for patients with intestinal ostomy especially in the early months after surgery¡ it was recommended to help patients adjust themselves to the physical appearance of ostomy and maintain their social engagement¡ by designing and implementing appropriate educational and supportive interventions.

Post-traumatic stress disorder is one of the psychiatric disorders and exposure to trauma is a key factor in its development. This disorder affects important aspects of a person’s life such as professional quality of life. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between post-traumatic stress symptoms and professional quality of life among psychiatric nurses.
Methods & Materials: In this descriptive analytical study¡ 160 nurses in psychiatric wards affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences¡ were selected using census sampling in 2013. Data were collected using questionnaires including professional and demographic characteristics¡ the Weathers’ PTSD checklist (PCL-C) and Hudnall Stamm’s Professional Quality of Life (PQOL). Data were analyzed by the SPSS software v.20 using the Pearson correlation coefficient¡ independent t-test¡ one-way ANOVA and linear regression.
There was a significant correlation between PTSD score and professional quality of life scores in psychiatric nurses (r=0.32¡ P Post-traumatic stress has a correlation with professional quality of life in psychiatric nurses. Therefore¡ factors related to PTSD are suggested to be identified and prevented.

Concerns about death may negatively affect health-related quality of life. However, little is known about the relationship between death anxiety and quality of life in life-threatening illnesses especially in hemodialysis patients. This research aimed to determine the relationship between death anxiety and quality of life in hemodialysis patients.
Methods & Materials: In this descriptive correlational study, 200 hemodialysis patients were selected via stratified random sampling from hospitals affiliated with Zanjan University of Medical Sciences from April to May 2016. Data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire, the Templer Death Anxiety Scale and the McGill Quality of Life questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics, correlation test and linear regression model using SPSS v.22.

The average score of death anxiety and quality of life were respectively 46.54±10.85 and 82.55±19.01. There was not a significant relationship between death anxiety and quality of life (P>0.05, r=0.044). In the regression analysis, gender was the only significant predictor for death anxiety. This model explained 11.3% of the variance of death anxiety. Moreover, the results of regression model indicated that social support and religious beliefs were only significant predictors for quality of life in hemodialysis patients, and 17.2% of its variance was explained by this model.

In the current study, no significant relationship was observed between death anxiety and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, it is suggested that further research should be conducted in this area.

Moral courage is a virtue that helps people overcome their fears and limitations and make the right decision and take the right action when encountering any situations. Due to the nature of their profession, nurses daily face many moral issues, and their correct decisions and performances require moral courage. The aim of this study was to determine the moral courage of nurses employed in hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
Methods & Materials: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015. The research population was composed of nurses employed in hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The study samples were 155 people. The moral courage questionnaire of Sekerka and colleagues (2009) was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA on the SPSS software v.22.
The mean score of moral courage of nurses was 63.72±5.91 (15-75). The highest and lowest mean scores were for the dimensions of moral agency (13.73±1.22) and endures threats (11.40±1.80) respectively. The work experiences of nurses had a significant positive relationship with moral courage and beyond compliance (P In this study, moral courage of nurses was at a desirable level. According to the findings, while taking steps to strengthen this virtue, we could strengthen nurses’ moral reasoning to make right decisions and perform ethical practices. In addition, strengthening nurses’ moral courage and reasoning can help them play their role as the patient advocate.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that needs lifelong special self-care behaviors. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes need self-care education for the control of diabetes and the prevention of its complications. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of self-care education on the control of diabetes complications, medications and HbA1C in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Methods & Materials: This study is a non-randomized clinical trial (IRCT2015051322258N1) carried out on seventy four adolescents aged 12-18 years old with type 1 diabetes referred to the Iran diabetes association. They were selected using convenience sampling method and allocated into two groups (intervention: 34 people, control: 40 people). An educational intervention was performed in five sessions for the intervention group. After education, the patients were trained and followed up using mobile services for three months. The instruments consisted of a demographic characteristics form and a section of the self-care behaviors scale evaluating medications and the control of complications. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software v.18.
Before the education, no significant difference was observed in the mean scores of medications and control of complications and level of HbA1C between the two groups of intervention and control (P>0.05). After the education, there was a significant difference between two groups in the mean scores of medications and control of complications and level of HbA1C (P Self-care education and the follow up after educational sessions can lead to the reduction in diabetes complications and HbA1C level among adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Although compassionate care is recognized as a core component of nursing care, there is not still a precise definition about this complex and challenging concept. This study aimed to analyze the concept of compassionate care in nursing using a hybrid model.
Methods & Materials: A three-phase hybrid model (theoretical, field work, and final analysis) was used in this study. In the theoretical phase, the concept of compassionate care was searched in main databases from 2000 to 2016. In the field work phase, in-depth, face to face interviews were done with 11 nurses. The content analysis method was used to analyze the data. Final analysis was done in the last phase.
The results of the final analysis showed that compassionate care is a process in which nurses interactively communicate with patients, try to explore patients’ concerns by putting themselves in their positions and understanding their situations, and do their utmost to eliminate these concerns.
According to this concept analysis, the constructive interaction between nurse and patient is one of the most important features of compassionate care that has not been mentioned in previous definitions. Also in this study, the nurses emphasized that they did their best to resolve the patients’ concerns. Therefore, the current study could be the basis for future studies in the area of compassionate care.

Unhealthy snacks consumption has an important role in childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention for mothers on the consumption of healthy snacks in children aged 1-5 years using social cognitive theory.
Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was (IRCT2013062912456N2) conducted on 126 mothers who had children 1-5 years old in 2013. The mothers were selected from Hamadan health centers and divided into two groups of intervention and control. The intervention consisted of four sessions, a booklet, a short video, and 6 written messages. The constructs of SCT and food consumption frequency were assessed at baseline, 10 days after the last session and 2-months after the intervention. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test, independent t-test, repeated measures and covariance analysis using SPSS software version 16.
At baseline, the two groups were similar in the demographic characteristics, the constructs of SCT, and unhealthy snacks consumption frequency (P>0.05). Considering that the interaction effects of group and time in the repeated measurement analysis of variance were significant, the means of two groups were compared at each stage using independent t test and significant differences between the two groups were observed at two stages after the intervention.
This intervention had a positive effect on the consumption of healthy snacks. Therefore, SCT and the implemented procedure could be used to develop interventions to modify snack consumption patterns in children.

Improving and modifying lifestyle is necessary for health maintenance and promotion. Modification of lifestyle can have an important role in the long-term health of women with Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the status of health promoting lifestyle and its socio-demographic predictors in women with PCOS.
Methods & Materials: This analytical descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 174 women with PCOS referred to gynecology and infertility clinics in Urmia-Iran, in 2015. The data were collected through the socio-demographic and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and multivariate linear regression were used to analyze the data through SPSS software version 21.
The mean (standard deviation) of total score of the health promoting lifestyle was 2.2 (0.3) out of 4. The highest mean score was in nutrition subscale [2.9 (0.5)] and the lowest mean score was in the subscale of stress control [1.2 (0.5)]. Based on the multivariate linear regression model, the variables of BMI, spouse’s education level, the first supporter and menstrual bleeding amount were predictors of the health promoting lifestyle in women with PCOS.
Considering that the mean of total score of the health promoting lifestyle and some of its subscales were in the middle of the range of possible scores, it is necessary that besides other therapies, the improvement of health promoting lifestyle in women with PCOS, according to the influencing socio-demographic determinants, be on the agenda of health providers.