مجله علوم پزشکی رازی
سال بیست و یکم شماره 12 (پیاپی 129، اسفند 1393)

More than 90% of women use drugs during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate oral morphine-induced histopathological changes in Wistar rat fetuses’ liver. Animals were divided to 1 control and 3 drug level induced groups. 0. 1، 0. 2 and 0. 3 mg/ml of morphine sulphate (99. 98%) in drinking water (25 ml) were administered orally to pregnant rats from day 8 to 20. On gestation day 21، fetuses were removed surgically and after removing liver of fetuses، samples of tissue stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) method and studied under light microscope. The data evaluated by SPSS software، ANOVA and analysis varieties. In the experimental groups with dose 0. 1، 0. 2 and 0. 3 mg/ml of morphine، liver sections appeared with vacuolated hepatocytes، dilated sinusoids، and increased number of kupffer cells، lymphocytes and neutrophils. The results in experimental groups with doses 0. 2 and 0. 3mg/ml of morphine were significant comparing with control group (p≤ 0. 001). The results indicate that the lowest dose of morphine (0. 1mg/ml) induced very low toxicity in fetuses but the middle dose (0. 2mg/ml) and the high dose of morphine (0. 3mg/ml) induced adverse reactions. It is concluded that oral morphine sulphate induces significant histopathological changes in the liver tissue، and the severity of these changes increases with time، period and dosage

Psychiatric disorders and behavioral disturbance are prevalent in epileptic patients and in previous studies the reported rates of personality disorders range from 4% to 38%. Comorbidity of personality disorders in epileptic patients could cause dysfunction, poor compliance, maladjustment and other psychological distresses which are important in the treatment of epilepsy, therefore the diagnosis and treatment of personality disorders could be helpful in management of epilepsy. The aim of this study was assessment of personality disorders in epileptic patients. The samples were recruited from epilepsy clinic of Rasoul Akram Hospital. Characteristics of epilepsy were collected by reviewing the files and assessments such as EEG and interviewing with patients. Personality disorders were assessed by MCMI III. the most prevalent personality disorder was depressive personality and 36% of the patients had at least one personality disorder. The socio-economic status in patients with personality disorder was poorer, but characteristics of epilepsy had no significant relationship with comorbidity of personality disorders. Personality disorders in epileptic patients are prevalent and require attention

A Thalassemia intermedium is an autosomal recessive disease that from clinical and also genotypic view contains a very heterogeneous group of hemoglobinopathies and severity of disease is placed between thalassemia major and minor. High levels of fetal hemoglobin have a major impact on the severity of this disease, so that increased production of HbF, reduces these verities of disease. Many factors both within and outside of the beta-globin locus, including some polymorphisms in BCL11A gene, can increase the production of fetal hemoglobin and modify the clinical symptoms of beta-thalassemia intermedia patients. This research is a retrospective study. In this study, common polymorphism rs11886868 in intron 2 of BCL11A gene using Tetra-primer ARMS PCR method was genotyped among 50 patients with beta thalassemia intermedia disease. The values of fetal and total hemoglobin were determined by study of electrophoresis data for each patient. Data were analyzed using independent-samples t test, paired-samples t-test and Chi-square statistical method through SPSS v.16. Genotyping study of BCL11A polymorphism showed that a total of 45 patients were heterozygous (CT) and 5 were homozygous (CC) in polymorphic site. Average levels of fetal and total hemoglobin in patients were 75.2±32.04g/dl and 8.9±1.33g/dl, respectively. People who were heterozygote (CT) in polymorphic site, had a higher average of fetal and total hemoglobin in comparison with patients without this status, however, this increase was not statistically significant (p-values were 0.93 and 0.51, respectively). Our data showed that in the presence of T allele in polymorphic site, the values of HbF and Hb would be increased. However, that increase was not statistically significant

Teenage pregnancy is a public health issue that affects teenage mothers and community at large-scale. Teenage pregnancy has side effects for mother and embryo. The present study compared pregnancy outcomes in teenage and primiparas. Present study was a descriptive-comparison with 382 pregnant women in two groups, 122 teenage mothers and 260 primiparas above 20 years old admitted to Kowsar Teaching Hospital in Qazvin in 2012-2013 using convenience sampling. Data gathering tool was a questionnaire with three sections including demographics, pregnancy and delivery information, and neonatal outcomes. Data were analyzed using Chi square test and t-test through SPSS v. 16. Results showed that weight gain in pregnancy and complications such as abruption, preeclampsia, placenta previa, miscarriage and IUGR in two groups were no significantly different (p>0.05). Vomiting, insomnia and urinary tract infection were more frequent in teenage pregnancy but diabetes and pyelonephritis were higher in primiparas (p=0.04). Post-partum was similar in both groups. Duration of delivery was significantly shorter and vaginal delivery was higher in teenage pregnancy (p=0.04). This study showed that some pregnancy outcomes between the two groups have significant association, which denotes the necessity of paying more attention to vulnerable groups of teenage. Hence, promoting the level of education in mothers can prevent unintended consequences

Substance abuse is the most important problem for mental health specialists in the contemporary societies. This study was aimed to examine the role of personality traits and demographical factors in attitude towards substance abuse and its outcomes. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, from students of Damghan University, 95 boys and 105 girls selected by simple random sampling and they completed the The Attititde to Addiction Scale, The Personality Five-Factor Questionniare and Demographical Questionniare. Data were analyzed using correlation and stepwise multiple regression through SPSS v. 19. There was a significant relationship among neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness and income with attitude to substance abuse and related outcomes (p<0.001). Also, gender, literacy and age merely have significant relationship with attitude to outcomes of substance abuse (p<0.001). Agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, openness and income had significant role on prediction of inclination to substance abuse (p<0.001). Also, conscientiousness, openness, neuroticism, gender, agreeableness, literacy and age had significant role on predicting the outcomes of substance abuse (p<0.001). Personality traits and demographical factors have important role in tendency towards substance abuse and related perceived outcomes. For primary prevention of substance abuse it is important to pay attention to these factors in planning and implementation of preventive programs during clinical trials

due to this fact that hyperhomocysteinemia had role in increasing incidence of pregnancy and delivery problems such as preeklampsia, it seems that performing present study for assessing serum level of homocysteine in pregnant women with preeklampsia was necessary. Present study was performed for comparing homocysteine level between term pregnant women with and without preeklampsia. Fifty term pregnant women with higher than 37 weeks gestational age between 2005 and 2007 were recruited. Pregnant women with history of chronic hypertension, diabetes, epilepsy and those using methotrexate, carbamazepine, phenytoin and other anticonvulsant drugs, were excluded. Pregnant women with more than 300 mg protein in 24-hours urine sample or +1 results with Dipstick test for proteinuria and blood pressure more than 140/90 mmhg were defined as case group. Equal and matched pregnant women were selected for control group. Independent student t-test and logistic regression model were used as statistical test. SPSS software was used for data analysis and p-values less than 0.05 were assumed as significant. Mean of serum level of homocysteine in pregnant women with preeklampsia was significantly higher than other pregnant women. According to the role of homocysteine in incidence of preeklampsia in pregnant women, prescribing drug and control of dietary regimen were recommended for control of serum level of homocysteine in pregnant women

One of the models for measuring environment is Dundee Ready Education Environment (DREEM) that one of its usages is comparative analysis of student's perception of educational environment. The aim of this study was comparison between educational environments of main clinical wards in teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences based on DREEM. This study was descriptive cross-sectional. The questionnaire was modified DREEM including 44 questions that performed in four main clinical wards (internal medicine, gynecology, pediatric and surgery) of educational hospitals by distributing among stagers (N=161) and interns (N=106). Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient test, ANOVA through SPSS 16 software. The mean score for the questionnaire was 96.15 out of 176 that with attention to modified DREEM interpretation guide, environment was rather positive than negative. Total mean and all domains except student's academic self-perception were significant between stages (p=0.00). The total mean and all domains were significant among the wards (p=0.004) The educational environment in all main clinical wards had more positive than negative points. Further studies are needed to assess and ensure the quality of clinical learning environments from the perspective of students using a modified DREEM questionnaire. Moreover, comparison between educational environments using other evaluation methods can lead us to a more suitable tool in this setting.

In this study, the impact of comprehensive geriatric assessments on the quality and the length of life in disabled elderly cancer patients were evaluated. In an interventional study, 70 patients with cancer were randomly divided into two treatment and control groups. Patients were evaluated during a six-month study using comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) test. The patient’s mean age was 4.2 ± 67.1 years. It was shown that CGA intervention had no impact on physical activity tests, including instrumental activities of daily living and activities of daily living, but a significant improvement was shown in patient’s psychological status using geriatric depression test. The results of the current study showed that CGA interventions have a positive effect on the quality of the life of the elderly cancer patients

Falls is due to people's failure of balance recovery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of trunk extensor muscle fatigue on static balance control in young healthy adults compared to middle aged participants. Ten young adult females (23 ± 1.6 years) and 6 middle-aged females (51 ± 5.4 years) participated in stand immobile test on a force plate, with their feet together and eyes closed under two conditions; before and after fatigue. Fatigue was achieved through repetitive extensions of the trunk until a subjective fatigue level was reached. We measured center of pressure (COP) displacements in the A/P and M/L directions using a force plate to assess static balance. We did not observe any significant interaction between age and fatigue. The COP variability was higher for the middle aged compared to the young adults in both the fatigue and no-fatigue conditions. The results of this study indicate that trunk extensor fatigue does not affect static balance differently for young compared to middle aged subjects. This study also suggests that postural control decreases significantly with increasing age. Trunk extensor fatigue did not significantly affect the balance control of upright stance.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common nutritional disorder, and since the iron content of the diet is relatively stable and it is difficult to increase dietary iron intake, supplements are used for treatment. Studies have reported the concomitant effect of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in increase of iron content and reduction sensitivity to oxidants. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of iron supplementation alone and in combination with DHA on indices of iron deficiency anemia in women with iron deficiency anemia. In a double-blind clinical trial, 76 women aged 15-45 years randomly divided into two groups, df (receiving 500 mg DHA + one tablet of ferrous sulfate containing 50-mg of elemental Iron) and pf (receiving placebo containing 500 mg corn oil + one tablet of ferrous sulfate, 50 mg of elemental iron). Before and after 12 weeks, fasting blood samples were taken from both groups and blood indices were measured. After intervention, the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), the percentage of hematocrit (HCT), serum iron, in both groups compared with baseline, significantly increased. Total iron-binding capacity was significantly reduced in both groups. Mean corpusclar volume (MCV) level was significantly increased only in df and increase of Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) in any of the groups was not significant. Average change of these parameters between the two groups was not significant. DHA supplementation does not effect on blood indices of iron anemia.