مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل
سال هجدهم شماره 7 (پیاپی 106، تیر 1395)

Physical and mental changes that caused by pregnancy, causing high levels of stress, which is associated with adverse outcomes for the mother and fetus and pregnant women require coping strategies during pregnancy to combat with these created challenges. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between coping strategies and perceived stress of pregnancy and pregnant mothers.
This study was done on 500 pregnant women as random sampling referred to 20 health centers in Mashhad. Information was obtained by using the Perceived Stress Questionnaire which scores range is from 0 to 56 and higher scores indicate greater perceived stress. In addition, coping strategies with pregnancy stress questionnaire which each subscale score measures separately was collected and evaluated.
FINDINGS: Average score of planned preparedness strategy was 34/9±12/3, the avoidance strategy 14/3±9/5, positive spiritual strategy 17/3±5/7 and the perceived stress levels of participants 23/3±9/6, respectively. Between perceived stress and planned preparedness strategy (r= -0/69) and positive spiritual strategy (r= -0/68) was a significant inverse linear correlation and also between perceived stress and avoidance strategy (r=0/75) was a significant positive correlation (p 200 mg/day sesamin consumption improved glycemic status, lipid profile and MDA in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It seems that sesamin may be used as a complementary medicine and treatment method to control diabetes complications.

Lactoferrin(LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein that involves a diverse range of biological activities. Lactoferrin is a major component of milk and is present in exocrine secretions such as tears, salvia, bile, and neutrophil granules. Lactoferrin has more potent antimicrobial activities against a wide range of gram negative and positive bacteria as well as antivirus activities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of this protein on P.aeruginosa growth in patients with burns that show drug resistance.
In this study, antibacterial activity of Lactoferrin has been scrutinized after isolation and purification of bovine colostrum against pseudomonas aeroginosa. Bacteria samples were isolated from scald patients (Shahid Zare Hospital); then microbial activity was confirmed with biochemical tests like oxidase, catalase and growth on TSI medium. Four concentrations 400,500,600 and 700 µg/ml of lactoferrin were assayed. Pseudomonas colonies counted and compared with negative control (without lactoferrin) as well as E.coli (DH5α) as positive control was considered.
FINDINGS: Our results showed that 400µg/ml concentration of lactoferrin has the least inhibitory effect with 35% and 29% growth inhibitory and 700µg/ml concentration of lactoferrin has the highest inhibitory effect with 86% and 66% on Pseudomonas and E.coli, respectively.
Our result showed that all of lactoferrin concentrations have inhibitory activity which in 700µg/ml has the highest inhibition against Pseudomonas aeroginosa and also E.coli.

From the viewpoint of Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM), temperament of each person influences his physical and physiological properties such as body dimensions. The aim of this study is to review the reasons behind the diversity of human anthropometric measurements and their status in identifying temperament of people.
In this descriptive study, we searched online databases such as Sid.ir, PubMed, Scopus, Magiran.com and Google Scholar for Persian key words such as "Anthropometry", "ergonomics" and "temperament" and their English equivalent. Authentic TPM books such as "The Canon of Medicine" by Avicenna, "Complete Book of the Medical Art" by al-Majusi, "al-Mansouri fi al-Tibb" (The book on medicine dedicated to al-Mansur) by Zakariya al-Razi, " Kholasat ol Hikma" (summary of wisdom) by Aghili Khorasani, “Zakhireh kharazmshahi”(The treasure of Kharazm Shah) by Ismail Jurjani and "Bahr al-jawahir" (sea jewels) were also studied.
FINDINGS: Results of the study demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between weight gain, BMI and dimensions of soft tissue which are primarily signs of obesity and fat gain and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Since increase in the aforementioned indices can be a sign of coldness and wetness of temperament, one can argue that people with cold and wet temperament are more susceptible to such diseases. In references of TPM, temperament is mentioned as an agent that changes body dimensions and among the indices that identify temperament, "shape of organs" and "physique" is related to anatomic dimensions of body and obesity and thinness condition, receptively. Magnitude of chest and other organs is a sign of hotness; thinness is a sign of dryness; dominance of muscle tissue is a sign of hotness and wetness and dominance of adipose tissue is a sign of coldness and wetness of temperament.
According to the results of the present study, variety of anthropometric dimensions is related to genetic loci. Proving the hypothesis of relationship between anthropometric dimensions and temperament and relationship between temperament and genetic polymorphism in TPM requires more research. If the mentioned relationship is confirmed, the process of accessing standard tools for identifying temperament will be facilitated.

Lipotoxicity-induced cardiovascular diseases are increasing significantly in human populations. The effect of linoleic acid in reducing lipotoxicity of cardiac muscle cells was investigated in this study.
In this empirical study, ventricular muscle cells from the hearts of five adult rats were cultured in 24-well plates. They were randomly treated in four groups including one control group (0.5 mM bovine serum albumin (BSA)) and three treatment groups treated with palmitic acid (0.5 mM), linoleic acid (0.25 mM) and a combination of linoleic acid and palmitic acid (0.25 mM 0.5 mM). Wells in each row of plates were dedicated to one group. Level of cellular triacylglycerol, cellular diacylglycerol, DNA Fragmentation and survival rate was evaluated 24 and 48 hours after culturing. Each two wells belonging to each group were used to evaluate every factor and all the steps were repeated three times.
FINDINGS: Compared with palmitic acid treatment alone, adding linoleic acid to palmitic acid decreased the level of DNA Fragmentation by 4.65% and 6.15% (p0.05). It also increased the level of cellular triacylglycerol by 40% and 44% (p Results of the study revealed that linoleic acid reduces the palmitic acid-induced toxicity by producing triacylglycerol

Cyclophosphamide is a drug widely used to treat cancer, skin diseases and immune system disorders. Since cyclophosphamide passes placenta during pregnancy and causes disorders in fetus, this study was conducted to assess the protective effects of galbanum essential oil against cyclophosphamide toxicity in rat placenta tissue.
In this experimental study, 19 pregnant rats were divided into 3 groups. On the 13th day of pregnancy, control group (n=7), cyclophosphamide group (n=7) and cyclophosphamide and galbanum group (n=5) received intraperitoneally a dose of normal saline and cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg), cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg) and galbanum essential oil (200 mg/kg), respectively. All rats were euthanized on 20th day of pregnancy. Placentas were separated and fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde after their morphology and morphometry was studied. Tissue sections were prepared using the routine techniques of tissue sections preparation and their histology and histometry were studied by light microscopy.
FINDINGS: Cyclophosphamide decreased 0.4 g of placental weight compared with control group (0.5 g) and decreased the thickness and length of large and small diameter of placenta from 3.62, 11.2 and 14.15 mm in control group to 2.81, 9.25 and 11.37 mm, respectively (p≤0.05). Histologically, it decreased the thickness of the labyrinth and basal layers to 385.73 and 72.80 µm and decreased the number of giant cells to 2.45 compared with control group (p≤0.05). Co-administration of galbanum essential oil and cyclophosphamide increased the length of large diameter, thickness of the labyrinth and basal layers and number of giant cells to 12.77 mm, 467.64 and 91.1 µm and 7.60, respectively (p≤0.05).
Results of the study revealed that galbanum essential oil can protect placenta tissue against toxic effects of cyclophosphamide

Due to the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of endocrine diseases, including ovarian cyst and on the other hand, according to the estrogenic properties of cumin, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cumin oil on histopathological changes in the rat ovary, in the presence or absence of dopaminergic agonists and antagonists.
In this experimental animal models study, 35 female rats were divided into 7 groups, they received, saline, metoclopramide (90 mg/kg intrapreritoneal), bromocriptine (4mg/kg subcutaneous), metoclopramide, bromocriptine, metoclopramide, cumin (4mg/kg oral), cumin, bromocriptine, cumin, for 10 days, respectively and then sacrificed by chloroform, then ovaries were removed and the number of ovarian cysts, follicular atresia and mature follicles were studied by histopathological methods.
FINDINGS: Metoclopramide significantly increased, the number of follicle atresia (1/4±0/254) and the number of follicular cysts (2±0) in four field microscopy (p≤0.002). Bromocriptine increased significantly, the number of mature follicles(1/4±0/254). Cumin increased, the number of follicle atresia (0/5±0/289) and follicular cysts but prevented the effect of metoclopramide in increasing the number of follicular cysts.
The results of this study showed that cumin can prevent ovarian cysts by dopaminergic antagonists. While in the presence of dopaminergic agonis has cyst-forming effect.

In today's world, Islamic jurisprudence encounters new issues. One of the areas where jurisprudence gets involved is the issues concerned with brain death, whether brain death in jurisprudence and Islamic law is considered the end of life. In this study, brain death was discussed from the Shiite jurisprudence perspective and also the opinions of the specialists are taken into account.
This study is designed based on library collection and review of the literature in the field of brain death. Also, Quranic verses, hadiths and fatwas (religious opinions) of the scholars are used. Some of the articles which were centered around Islamic jurisprudence, particularly Shiite jurisprudence that explain and deal with brain death were given special consideration.
FINDINGS: Brain death from religious and jurisprudence perspective is considered the termination of life and removing the vital organs from the body is not viewed as committing manslaughter. A person with brain death is not a normally known injured man who is still alive. The brain death patinets have no life and getting rid of the body does not constitute a case of manslaughter. Amputation of the organs of brain death patients for donation and transplantation amounts to the amputation of a dead body. If the life of a Muslim is subject to transplant of organs from the body of a brain death patient, it will be permissible.
In principle, if the life of a Muslim entails transplant of organs of brain death patients, it will be permissible