مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل
سال نوزدهم شماره 11 (پیاپی 122، آبان 1396)

Functional ankle instability (FAI) is one of the most commonly debilitating complications of acute ankle sprain, which often results in the athlete staying away from exercise for a while. Disorder in the mechanism of feedforward neuromuscular control can be one of the main reasons for this issue. Musculoskeletal pre-activity during landing is an important indicator of this kind of control. The aim of this study was to compare the sequence of pre-activity of leg muscles between athletes with functional ankle instability and healthy athletes during landing from a jump.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 2 groups of athletes including 12 athletes with functional ankle instability and 12 athletes with healthy athletes. The onset of pre-activity of fibularis longus, tibialis anterior and soleus muscles, was recorded and compared using the surface electromyography during landing from a jump.
FINDINGS: The onset of pre-activity of fibularis longus, tibialis anterior and soleus muscles in athletes with functional ankle instability (163.44±24.92, 140.75±13.54 and 169.67±41.13 milliseconds, respectively) was slower than and healthy athletes (242.75±34.15, 208.71±26.44 and 247.11±26.37 milliseconds, respectively) during landing from a jump (p Results of the present study indicated that the onset of pre-activity of fibularis longus, tibialis anterior and soleus muscles in athletes with functional ankle instability was slower than healthy athletes during landing from a jump.

Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer and the second main cause of cancer death in women. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in different cellular and molecular activities such as carcinogenesis. Maternally Expressed Gene 3 (MEG3), is a long noncoding RNA that deregulates in various types of cancers. The aim of this study is the evaluation of MEG3 expression level and its association with clinicopathological features of breast tumor tissues.
In this case-control study, 40 fresh-frozen breast tumor specimens and their paired non-tumoral adjacent tissues were collected from breast cancer patients living in the northwestern region of Iran. All tumor samples belonged to the invasive ductal carcinoma. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the expression level of MEG3 in breast tumor tissues compared to the paired adjacent normal tissues was investigated using specific primers and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). β2m was also used as an internal control for normalization.
Findings: MEG3 expression level in all tumor samples significantly downregulated compared to the paired adjacent nontumoral specimens, with an average fold decrease of 3.355 (p=0/042). Low level of MEG3 in tumor tissues was also related to the age of patients (p=0/007), stage Ⅲ (p=0/049) and lymph node metastasis (p=0/018).
The expression level of MEG3 significantly decreased in breast cancer and this downregulation was related to malignancy state of the tumor.

Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common problems in neonatal period. Considering that the most effective and most commonly used neonatal jaundice treatment is phototherapy, the use of complementary therapies such as massage and herbal medicines is common in our society to reduce jaundice. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effect of cotoneaster manna drop (bilineaster) and massage on bilirubin in neonates under phototherapy.
This clinical trial was conducted on 68 neonates admitted to the pediatric ward of Vali-Asr Hospital in Birjand in 2015. The neonates were randomly divided into three groups. The control group (n=21) received the routine care. The massage group (n=23) received massage by field technique, three times a day for 15 minutes in addition to phototherapy. The cotoneaster manna drop (bilineaster) group (n=24) received three oral drops of bilineaster for every eight kilograms of body weight in addition to phototherapy. Then, the rate of reduction in neonatal bilirubin was compared in the three groups (IRCT: 2016101830370N1).
FINDINGS: The mean reduction rate of bilirubin per hour in the first 24 hours was 0.27±0.19 in the control group, 0.23±0.17 in the massage group and 0.25±0.18 in the bilineaster drop group. In addition, the mean reduction rate in the second 24 hours was 0.4±0.26 in the control group, 0.22±0.18 in the massage group and 0.26±0.22 in the bilineaster drop group. In the third 24 hours, the mean reduction rate was 0.19±0.17 in the control group, 0.9±0.13 in the massage group and 0.7±0.1 in the bilineaster drop group, which had no significant difference (p>0.05).
The results of this study showed that field massage and administration of cotoneaster manna drop (bilineaster) during neonates’ hospitalization had no effect on the reduction of bilirubin in neonates under phototherapy and these interventions cannot be effective

Treatment for Salmonella gastroenteritis is important in children and people with immune system weakness. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of bla SHV, bla TEM and bla CTX-M genes in antibiotic resistance to isolated Salmonella strains from children with acute bacterial diarrhea and to determine their resistance pattern.
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 300 stool specimens from children with diarrhea referred to the Tehran Medical Center Hospital were collected. The antibiotic susceptibility test was determined using the disk diffusion method agreeing with CLSI guideline. Then, M-PCR was achieved for determination of β-lactamase genes by specific oligonucleotides primers. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 17 and descriptive statistics.
FINDINGS: Of the 300 stool samples collected, 18 (6%) of Salmonella were identified, of which 11 (61.1%) were salmonella typhi, 5 (27.7%) were Salmonella enteritidis and 2 (11.1%) Salmonella typhimorium cases. Resistance to isolates showed that the highest and lowest resistance was related to imipenem, ceftriaxone (100%) and onloxacin (54.5%) respectively. The results of the molecular analysis indicated that 7 strains (38.8%) CTX-M and 8 isolates (44.4%) had TEM genes respectively, while 2 strains (11.1%) contained the SHV gene.
accurate detection and fast identification of Salmonella producing ESBLs is important from the source of infection such as, foods, animals and its products and carriers.

According to the importance of the esophageal cancer problem in northern provinces of Iran, and also high volume of transhiatal esophagectomy operations at Babol university hospitals, this study was conducted to identifying postoperative short term outcomes of transhiatal esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer.
This cross-sectional study was done on 114 patients with diagnosis of esophageal cancer that underwent transhiatal esophagectomy in Babol university hospitals, north of Iran, from 2005 to 2015. The study data were analyzed applying SPSS for windows (version 23), T-test, 2-independent sample chi-square and exact fishure test.
Of 114 patients, 62 of cases(54.4%) was male and 52 of them(45.6%) was female. The mean age of the patients was 62.25year. The most common symptom of the patients was dysphagia(99.1%). Pathologic feature of the tumors was squamous cell carcinoma in 89.5% of cases. The most common postoperative complications were arrhythmia(13.3%) and pleural effusion(10.5%). Mean admission duration was 9.31±2.94 days. Anastomosis site leak occurred in 8 patients(7.1%). In operation and in hospital mortality occurred for 1 cases (0.9%) and 4 cases (3.5%) respectively.
On the basis of this study, Babol university hospitals has good result for postoperative outcomes of transhiatal esophagectomy comparing with othetr centers especially about admission time, need for tube thoracostomy, anastomosis site leak rate, and mortality rate.

Silibinin (silybin) is an active component of silymarin with anti-bacterial activities. In drug resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been reported overexpression of mexB gene. The aim of this study was evaluation of mexB gene expression in silibinin treated and untreated isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In this descriptive analytical study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were obtained from hospitals and laboratories of Guilan province. After determining several antibiotics susceptibility (disc diffusion and MIC), 5 ciprofloxacin resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated by ciprofloxacin (1/2MIC) only (group1) and in the combination with silibinin-encapsulated micelles (nanoparticles) (group2). After 24h, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis was performed in group1 and group2 and mexB gene expression was evaluated by quantitative-realtime PCR (Q-RT-PCR) and 2-ΔΔCT equation.
FINDINGS: In this study from 69 isolates, 33.33% by disc diffusion test and 37.86% by MIC test were determined ciprofloxacin resistant. Our analysis showed that silibinin -encapsulated nanoparticles (400µg/ml) induced death up t0 50% in ciprofloxacin (1/2MIC) treated resistant isolates during 24h. In treated cells with silibinin and ciprofloxacin revealed downregulation of mexB gene compared to treated cells with ciprofloxacin alone.
It seems that silibinin is cause of increasing ciprofloxacin effect on inhibition of growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa through decreasing expression of genes implicated in efflux pomp systems such as mexB.

Arsenic (Ar) by induced oxidative stress in gestation and lactation period can cause teratogenicity properties in the neonate. On the other hand, the evidence suggests the antioxidant effect of zinc (Zn). So, the aim of present study was to evaluate protective effect of Zn against Ar-induced hepatotoxicity during gestation and lactation in rat neonate.
In this experimental study, 24 adult wistar rats of the 35 mice that their pregnancy was confirmed, randomly divided into four groups including:I) Control group; II) Ar group, (20 mg/kg/day); III) Zn group; (5 mg/kg/day) and IV) Ar group. Ar and Zn administration was daily with intragasticaly method. At the end of the experimental period (42 days: 21 of gestation and 21 of lactation) after anesthesia hepatic samples were taken for biochemical assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and histopathological assessment.
FINDINGS: The MDA and GSH mean±SD in Ar group was 41.56±7.2 and 7.05±1.36, respectively. Also, in Ar group assessed 26.26±1.84 and 13.79±1.34, respectively. This difference was significant between groups (P Our findings showed that administration of Zn as antioxidant can decreased the toxically and teratogenic effect of Ar during gestation and lactation.

Nickel and its compounds are considered as carcinogenic agents. Considering the application of nickel and nickel nanoparticles in medicine, pharmaceutical industries, food, and cosmetics, it is important to study the destructive effects and toxicity of these nanoparticles on living organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of nickel nanoparticles compared with nickel chloride on biochemical and hematological parameters in rats.
In this experimental study, 48 adult male rats were divided into 6 experimental groups and one control group and one sham group (n=6). The control group did not receive any treatment. The sham group received physiologic serum and the treatment groups received nickel and nickel chloride nanoparticles at concentrations of 5, 15 and 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally. One week after injection, blood samples were collected from the heart. Biochemical and hematological parameters were measured and compared for all groups.
FINDINGS: The results showed that the level of albumin in the nickel and nickel chloride nanoparticle group at concentration of 25 mg/kg decreased compared to the control (2.91±0.09 to 3.25±0.33, p=0.015) and (2.95±0.13 to 3.25±0.33, p=0.04), while the level of blood urea increased significantly (90.33±13.95 to 43.33±11.94, p The results of the study showed that nickel and nickel chloride nanoparticles stimulate the immune system, increase the number of white blood cells and change the biochemical parameters of the blood, which confirms the toxicity of the nickel nanoparticle.

The urban family physician program was implemented in Fars and Mazandaran provinces in June 2012 to provide health services for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and improvement of quality of life. Nearly five years after the performance record, this study was conducted to assess the urban family physician program.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among the managers and administrators of the urban family physician program in all cities of Fars and Mazandaran provinces in the winter of 2016. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire including two parts; the personal variables with 11 open and closed questions and the performance level of the urban family physician program with 18 questions in Likert scale with a score of one to five. The average overall performance of the five points was classified into three levels; poor (below 2.5) average (2.5 - 3.5), and good (above 3.5).
FINDINGS: Of 530 managers and administrators of the urban family physician program, 168 people (31.7%) assessed the performance of the program as weak, 295 people (55.7%) assessed it as average and 67 people (12.6%) found it to be good. The average overall performance of five points was assessed to be 2.83 ± 0.64. There was a significant relationship between the province of service, the urban population of the place of service, education, field of study, service record, place of service, and the position of managers and administrators and their judgment in assessing the performance level of the urban family physician program (p The results of the study showed that performance level of the urban family physician program was average from the viewpoint of most managers and administrators.

Microbial resistance is one of the most important challenges in dealing with infectious diseases. Therefore, finding or synthesizing new antimicrobial agents is very important. Copper oxide (CuO) is considered for its antibacterial effect against microbial resistance. This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on shigella sonnei and salmonella typhimurium bacteria, which have new strains associated with microbial resistance.
In this applied fundamental research, copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized from copper sulfate in sizes of 33 and 56 nm, using a chemical reduction method. Then, the antibacterial effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on the standard strain of shigella sonnei (ATCC–9290) and salmonella typhimurium (PTCC–1609) were investigated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and bacterial death kinetics.
FINDINGS: The MIC obtained in shigella sonnei and salmonella typhimurium treatment with a 33 nm nanoparticle were 2500mg/ml and 5000 mg/ml, respectively, and the value for 56 nm nanoparticle for both bacteria was 5,000mg/ml. The obtained MBC in the treatment of shigella sonnei and salmonella typhimurium using 33 nm nanoparticle was 5000≤IU/ml and 10,000≤IU/ml, respectively, and the same for 56 nm nanoparticle for both bacteria was equal to 10,000≤IU/ml.
The research proves that copper oxide nanoparticles have a bactericidal effect on shigella sonnei and salmonella typhimurium, and that the bactericidal effect of smaller nanoparticles is greater than that of bigger nanoparticles, while the antibacterial effects on shigella sonnei was more significant.