مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل
سال بیستم شماره 4 (پیاپی 127، فروردین 1397)

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at risk of insulin resistance and pregnancy complications. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between gestational diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome.
This cross-sectional study was performed on 126 pregnant women with PCOS and infertility history who became pregnant after stimulation of ovulation and referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz. These patients underwent screening with 75 g OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) during the first trimester and during 24-28 weeks of gestation. They were divided into two groups of PCOS with gestational diabetes and without gestational diabetes. Variables such as age, gestational diabetes, parity and BMI were measured and the relationship between BMI and gestational diabetes was examined.
FINDINGS: The mean age of patients in the two PCOS groups with and without gestational diabetes was 26.09±2.03 and 27.07±3.03 years, respectively. Of the 126 pregnant women with PCOS, 30 (23.8%) patients were diagnosed with gestational diabetes in the first trimester of pregnancy and 11 (8.7%) patients during 24-28 weeks of gestation. Overall, 41(32.5%) patients had gestational diabetes and 85 (67.5%) patients did not have gestational diabetes. There was no significant difference in the mean BMI between the two PCOS groups with and without gestational diabetes.
The results of the study showed that more than one third of women with PCOS experience gestational diabetes during pregnancy.

In recent years, it has been proved that microRNAs are involved in regulating gene expression, tumorigenic and metastasis and, the use of circulating miRNAs, due to its high stability, correlation with diseases states and easy to measure with high sensitivity have attracted as a new class of cancer biomarkers. Previous studies have shown that miR-451 and miR-21 are potential biomarkers with high sensitivity, specificity and are enable to detect types of cancers. The role of these two miRNAs in tumorigenic and metastasis of cancers has also been identified. The present study examines the expression pattern of miR-451 and miR-21 in relation to the clinicopathologic status.
Material and Plasma samples were collected from 47 women with breast cancer and 24 healthy women. Clinicopathologic information was provided from the hospital records. The changes in expression of miR-451 and miR-21 in patients were evaluated using the qRT-PCR method. Data analysis was done using SPSS software.
The changes in expression of miR-451 and miR-21 in the plasma of breast cancer patients were correlated with the status of lymph node metastases, decreased 0.38 times and increased 1.73 times respectively (P = 0.046 and P =0.037, respectively).
The expression of miR-451 and miR-21 in plasma of patients with breast cancer was associated with lymph node metastases. It may be possible to use these microRNAs as prognostic biomarkers, increasing the recognition of the molecular pathways involved and to distinguish the clinicopathology of this cancer in order to define new targeted therapies.

Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world and is the leading cause of death from cancer in people around the world. The cancer begins through activation of some oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. The aim of this study is to quantitative evaluation of EGFR and FGFR4 genes expression level in blood samples of lung cancer in compare with normal people to investigate the role of these two genes as biomarkers during lung cancer diagnosis and screening.
In this study, we investigate expression level of two main biomarkers (EGFR, FGFR4) among 50 lung cancer patients in compare with 50 control people. Total RNA from Blood samples were extracted and cDNA is synthesized. The specific primers for detection of markers are designed and expression level of BRIP1, PALB2 in presence of gene GAPDH by using Real Time PCR method was quantitatively studied.
FINDINGS: Assessment of quantitative comparison showed that the two genes (EGFR, FGFR4) expression level increased significantly in lung cancer patient in compare with control population. Results showed quantitative increase of FGFR4 and EGFR genes with 4/46 and 3.03 fold respectively for lung cancer in compare with normal samples.
CONSLUSION: Based on this study results we could predict the expression level of (EGFR, FGFR4) gens in suffered patients quantitatively which could use as biomarker indicator during screening of lung cancer samples. So could be used in screening of population for early detection to inhibit cancer.

Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease usually occurs when serious damages have occurred in the brain and common treatments are ineffective in preventing it. One of the RNAs involved in Alzheimer's disease is a long noncoding RNA, called BDNF antisense (BDNF-AS). The aim of this study is to determine the presence and compare the BDNF-AS levels in plasma of Alzheimer's patients and healthy subjects, and to evaluate its potential as a plasma marker for Alzheimer's disease.
In this case-control study, 30 patients with late-stage Alzheimer's disease and 30 healthy subjects without neurological disease who matched the patients in terms of age were selected by a specialist according to the criteria for clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and their intravenous blood samples were collected. The plasma of the blood samples was isolated and total plasma RNA was extracted. After cDNA synthesis, the presence of BDNF-AS in plasma was examined by PCR. Finally, the relative level of BDNF-AS transcripts in plasma samples of patients with Alzheimer's disease and healthy subjects was evaluated using Real Time PCR.
FINDINGS: The results of this study showed that long noncoding RNA BDNF-AS was present in the plasma of patients and controls. Comparison of Real Time PCR data showed that BDNF-AS levels in the plasma of patients (0.107±0.021) showed significant increase compared to healthy subjects (0.039 ± 0.006).
The results of this preliminary study indicate that the levels of long noncoding RNA BDNF-AS in plasma can be used as a blood/plasma marker for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anatomical variations of ostiomeatal complex in cone beam computed tomography images in North of Iran.
In this cross-sectional retrospective study, 159 CBCT images were analyzed. Anatomical variations evaluated included Concha bullosa, Paradoxical middle turbinate, Uncinate process hypertrophy and pneumatization, hypertrophied Bulla ethmoidalis, Agger nasi cell, Maxilo-ethmoidal cell (Haller's cell) which were assessed based on the frequency, gender, unilateral/bilateral appearance and the involved side in unilateral cases (left/right).The data were compared through conducting independent-samples t-tests and the chi-square (x2) test. A p-value lower than 0.05 (pFindings: From among 159 subjects, 82 (51.6%) were female and 77 (48.4%) were male. The patients were 12-80 years old (mean: 33.12±14.79 years). Agger nasi cell and concha bullosa which were observed in 155 (97.5%) and 151 (95%) cases, respectively, were the most common findings and often appeared bilaterally. The least frequency belonged to hypertrophied bulla ethmoidalis which was 6 (3.8%) and uncinate process hypertrophy which was 11 (6.9%). Paradoxical middle turbinate, uncinate process pneumatization, and Haller's cell were observed in 28 (17.6%), 61 (38.4%), and 62 (39%) cases, respectively. No significant relationship was found between gender and the anatomical variations. (P > 0.05)
Considering the high frequency of the anatomical variations of ostiomeatal complex, CBCT images, compared to the other three-dimensional modalities, seem to be useful in preoperative assessments thanks to the higher resolution and lower dosage and cost.

Considering the relationship between abdominal (central) obesity and chronic diseases and disorders of biochemical factors, as well as the role of ethnicity and geographical area on the relationship between obesity and chronic diseases, this study aims to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity and its relationship with biochemical and blood pressure indices in candidates for angiography.
This cross-sectional study was performed on 610 subjects aged 25-75 years who were candidates for elective angiography and were referred to Heshmat Hospital in Guilan province in 2016. Data were collected by interview, medical records, blood pressure measurements and anthropometric indicators, including weight, height, body mass index and waist circumference. Fasting blood samples were used for biochemical indices. Abdominal obesity was determined based on waist circumference more than 102 cm in men and more than 88 cm in women.
FINDINGS: In this study, 348 (57%) patients had abdominal obesity. 29% of men (101 patients) and 71% of women (248 patients) had abdominal obesity and there was a significant relationship between gender and abdominal obesity (p=0.0001). There was a significant different between patients with abdominal obesity and non-obese subjects in terms of total cholesterol (161±40 vs. 153±41 mg/dl, p=0.04), HDL cholesterol (44±8.6 vs. 43±8.2 mg/dl, p=0.01) and hematocrit (39±4.1 vs. 41±4.4 mg/dl, p=0.001). The variables of age, gender, and BMI were independent predictors of abdominal obesity. The incidence of abdominal obesity was 37 times higher in women and increased significantly with age. The chance of obesity increased by 1.25 per unit body mass index increase.
The results of this study demonstrate the prevalence of abdominal obesity in candidates for elective angiography and its association with some blood factors.

Lightcured composites allow dentists to begin the process of polymerization on demand. The purpose of this meta-analytical study is to compare the effectiveness of light curing LEDs and QTH devices on the hardness of composites.
Methods & Materials: Two analyzes were carried out with a radiation intensity of less than 500 and more than 500 mW / cm2. The thickness of the cured composite in both groups was considered to be 2 mm. Non-matched articles with the variables mentioned in the study were deleted. Data were analyzed using the Biostat software using the random effects model (α = 0.05(
Using the random effects model, there was no significant difference between the hardness of 2 mm thickness of the composite after curing with LED and QTH at light intensity higher than 500 mW / cm2 (p = 0.43) but there was a significant difference (p = 0.000)at an intensity less than 500 mW/ Cm2.
The lightcure LED device was better in terms of its effect on the hardness of composites at below 500 mW / cm2 intensity than QTH, but did not show significant differences at levels above 500.

Thrombocytopenia is one of the complications of chemotherapy drugs that may cause death. Different animal models of thrombocytopenia are used for clinical research and identification of its causes, each with advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this review article is to investigate the methods of thrombocytopenia induction in laboratory animals and their advantages and disadvantages.
This systematic review was conducted using the keywords “thrombocytopenia platelet”, “chemotherapy”, “animal model”, in PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus databases from 1990 until October 2017. The title and abstract of several articles were reviewed, and after excluding the unrelated items, final articles were selected and reviewed.
FINDINGS: Animal models of thrombocytopenia are of two types of immune and non-immune. Non-immune models reduce platelet production through bone marrow suppression. Antiplatelet antibodies are used in immune models. The immune and non-immune thrombocytopenic models have some advantages and limitations and are selected according to the current therapeutic goals. Mice and rats are commonly used as laboratory animals, and cyclophosphamide and carboplatin are the most commonly used drugs.
According to the results of this study, due to the limitations of human subject research in diseases that lead to thrombocytopenia, there is a need to develop appropriate animal models for studying and identifying the factors affecting thrombocytopenia.

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) neurons of hypothalamus are final output of brain for regulation of puberty onset and hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis functions in mammals. However, the mechanisms responsible for release of GnRH neurons are unknown. A number of various factors including neurotransmitters, neuropeptides or different signals have been identified to be involved in the regulation of the secretion of GnRH neurons. Neuronal set of kisspeptin have been recognized recently as critical upstream regulators of GnRH neurons. Given the importance of this issue, in this study a review of various studies and sources about biosynthesis, neuroanatomy, signaling, function and dysfunction of kisspeptin was performed

In this review study, new evidence in relation to role of kisspeptin neuropeptide in the reproductive system were investigated by using various databases including pubmed, sciencedirect, nature, springer, wiley, scopus and key words such as kisspeptin, gonads, hypothalamus, GnRH and reproduction were used.
FINDINGS: From 145 gained articles, 72 articles were reviewed. Kisspeptin neuropeptide signaling in hypothalamus is required for initiation of puberty and mammalian reproductive function. Kisspeptin neurons stimulate GnRH release and act as central integrator of external and internal signals. Neurones kisspeptin are sensitive to sex steroids, metabolic cues estrogen like compounds.

Kisspeptin neurons play a vital role in the maturation and function of the HPG axis, including the sexual differentiation of the brain, the timing of puberty, the regulation of gonadotropin secretion and the control of fertility by hormonal and environmental cues.

Psychological capital is one of the positive psychological indices that is defined by the characteristics of optimism, perseverance, positive self-efficacy, and tolerance. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on psychological capital in cardiovascular patients in Babol.
This cross-sectional study was performed among 24 cardiovascular patients who referred to governmental and non-governmental medical centers of Babol in two groups of 12 based on pretest-posttest design. The therapy based on acceptance and commitment was performed for the experimental group in 8 sessions. Participants were re-evaluated one month after the sessions, and psychological capital was evaluated according to self-efficacy, hope, tolerance and optimism subscales.
FINDINGS: The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the subscales of the psychological capital in the experimental and control groups in tolerance (3.53±0.48 vs. 2.88±0.67) (p6.03) and optimism (40.6±0.56 vs. 2.94±0.66) (p>26.459).
The present study showed that acceptance and commitment therapy could be considered as an effective intervention in increasing the psychological capital of cardiovascular patients.