مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل
سال بیستم شماره 9 (پیاپی 132، شهریور 1397)

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown etiology, which includes crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). Because an effective treatment has not been found so far, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of aqueous extracts of Biebersteinia multifida plant on inflammatory changes of the colon following acetic acid- induced ulcerative colitis in male rats. In this experimental study, 32 male wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were used in vivo. Animals were randomly assigned into four groups (each group consisting of 8 rats): 1- Intact; 2- Acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis; 3- Biebersteinia multifida aqueous extract (200 mg /Kg); 4- Sulfasalazine treatment group (500 Mg /kg). In each group, the amount of gastric acid and intestinal TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines were measured at 8 days after of ulcerative colitis induction. FINDINGS: The concentration of gastric acid in the induction group of colitis was 2/4533 ± 0.95 mEq / 15 min, which in the treatment group with Biebersteinia multifida extract decreased the level of gastric acid to 0.4400 ± 0.17 (p = 0.000). Also, TNF-α changes in the colitis and extract group were 279.68±42.71 and 160.35±28.79, respectively, which was significant (p=0.000). The concentration of IL-10 in the colitis group was 349.75±31.89, which increased to 353.75±66.46 after injection of the extract (p=0.015). The results showed that aqueous extract of Biebersteinia multifida in a dose of 200 mg / kg has an effect on colon inflammation and it can be improved.

Background and Purpose: Repeated aggressive procedures in infants requiring special careoften cause pain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of nursing and simulated hands on the physiologic parameters of pain during venipuncture in premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. The present experimental study was performed on 99 preterm infants admitted to the intensive care unit of Amin and ShahidBeheshti hospitals of Isfahan in 1395. Samples were randomly assigned into three groups: control group, nurse’s hand group and simulated-hand group.In both intervention groups, the neonates were placed in facilitated tucking during venipuncture procedure. Before, during and after the intravenous route, physiological parameters were recorded. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measurements and post-mortem analysis of variance analysis. LSD was analyzed in SPSS v. 18. There was no significant difference in the mean heart rate of the three groups before, during and after the intervention (p> 0.05). But the mean of arterial oxygen saturation and mean respiratory rate in the three groups during the post-intervention period was significant (P = 0.001). during venipuncture, putting a premature baby in facilitated tuckingby the nurse’s hand or simulated hands can help maintain the physiological indices.

: CPEB1 gene plays a significant role during gametogenesis. Due to remain unclear many causes of male infertility, we aimed to evaluate the association between of CPEB1 rs2303846 gene polymorphism with the risk of men with idiopathic azoospermia/ severe oligospermia. The present study is a case-control investigation, were performed on 100 peripheral blood samples of men with idiopathic azoospermia/ severe oligozoospermia and 100 blood samples of healthy men, who were referred to department of infertility and sterility of Tabriz Al-Zahra hospital from 2015 to 2017. The PCR-RFLP method was used to determine the frequency of genotypes and then compared the relationship between polymorphism and clinical parameters. FINDINGS: The genotypes frequency of CEBP1 gene polymorphism CT+TT/CC did not show a statistically significant difference between groups (P=0.395, OR=1.273; CI=0.730-2.220). In addition, no significant correlation was found between genotypes and FSC, MSC and SMI clinical parameters (p<0.05). Findings revealed that CEBP1 rs2303846 gene polymorphism cannot to be considered as a risk factor for idiopathic azoospermia/ severe oligospermia men.

Conventional rehabilitation in stroke patients is more likely to use repetitive movements to improve motor function, which may be difficult for people with motor limitations. Mental imagery training can be done without moving the affected limbs, and this method is safe, cheap and accessible. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of motor imagery training with sensory feedback on sensory-motor function of the upper extremity in patients with chronic stroke. In this non-randomized clinical trial, 30 stroke patients with level of upper extremity function according to Brunnsrom’s recovery ≥ 2, and cognitive function level according to MMSE ≥ 21 were selected through non-probability sampling from rehabilitation centers and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Patients in the control group received conventional rehabilitation programs, and patients in the intervention group received motor imagery training with sensory feedback in 12 sessions (45 – 60 minutes), in addition to conventional rehabilitation programs. Before and after the interventions, sensory and motor functions were assessed using Box-Block test, Purde-Pegbord test, range of motion, FMA-UE total and FMA-UE coordination/speed, 2-point-discrimination, Nottingham-Sensory Assessment, Modified-Ashworth Scale and Stroke Impact Scale. FINDINGS: Mean percentage of changes in motor function and speed/coordination of upper extremity, shoulder and elbow range of motion and gross dexterity was higher in the interventional group (50%, 50%, 80%, 50% and 80%, respectively) compared with the conventional rehabilitation group (20%, 18%, 50%, 30% and 30%, respectively) (p≤0.05). However, both interventions had similar effect on sensory function, fine dexterity, muscle tone and activities of daily living. The results of the study showed that motor imagery training with sensory feedback along with conventional rehabilitation could enhance the motor function, gross dexterity and range of motion of the upper extremity in chronic stroke patients.

Anabolic steroids, especially dianabol, are used by athletes as a performance-enhancing drugs that damage the liver and cause structural changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin E on liver and kidney toxicity caused by dianabol. In this experimental study, 72 adult male mice were randomly divided into 8 groups of 9. Four groups of mice received 100 IU / kg vitamin E orally for 42 days through gavage. Three groups of the above groups received 5, 10 and 20 mg / kg oral dianabol four hours after receiving vitamin E, respectively. The control group and the groups receiving only 5, 10 and 20 mg / kg oral dianabol were also considered. 24 hours after the final treatment, serum samples were collected for biochemical evaluations and tissue samples were collected for histological, histomorphometric and histochemical evaluations. FINDINGS: The results showed that dianabol significantly increased the level of AST (158.52±9.76), ALT (113.70±11.02), and ALP (141.30±5.94), and significantly decreased albumin (1.04±0.47) compared to the control group (72.61±7.54, 41.47±7.03, 112.80±4.30, 3.14±0.25, respectively) (p<0.05). Administration of vitamin E significantly increased the level of AST (110.56±9.86), ALT (80.19±4.02) and ALP (120.52±4.94) and improved albumin (2.1±0.28) (p<0.05). The results of the study showed that vitamin E can reduce the oxidative damage caused by dianabol in the liver and kidney of the mouse.

Consumption of food causes changes in oral flora. Foods that create an appropriate media for Streptococcus mutans and other cariogenic microflora, cause increase the rate of tooth caries. The aim of this study was the assessment of short-term consumption of probiotic cake (contain Bacillus coagulans) on salivary streptococcus mutans count and comparison with ordinary cake. A cross over blind study was conducted on 30 healthy adult volunteers in two groups (16 males and 14 females). The first group ate probiotic cake (75 grams daily) for 1 week and after 2 weeks wash out period, they ate ordinary cake. The second group first ate ordinary cake and after 2 weeks wash out period, they ate probiotic cake (75 grams daily). Non-stimulating salivary samples, before (as baseline) and after eating probiotic and ordinary cake, were collected. Then counting of streptococcus mutans was done with colony counter. FINDINGS: Of the 30 patients, 16 (53.33%) were male and 14 (46.67%) were female with an average age of 40.86±17.15 years. Number of Streptococcus mutans in baseline saliva samples was (7.872±1.430)106 CFU/ml and in the saliva samples after consumption of probiotic cake was (4.652±0.841)106 CFU/ml and in saliva samples after consumption of ordinary cake was (21.386±3.895)106 CFU/ml. There was no significantly difference between mutants count before and after eating probiotic cake (p=0.769) but after consumption of ordinary cake than probiotic cake the count of streptococcus increased significantly (21.3±39.9 compared with 4.65±0.84) (p=0.032). Based on the results of this study, the addition of probiotic bacteria to sweet and high-consumption foods can reduce the adverse effects of foods such as cakes on oral health.

SIRT1 and PGC-1α are two factors that increase the body's antioxidant capacity, which can improve inflammation and free radicals in obesity. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of eight weeks of water training on SIRT1, PGC-1α and body fat percentage in obese men. In this quasi-experimental study, obese men (BMI = 30, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) > 0.5) were selected voluntarily and were randomly divided into two groups of water training (n = 11) and control (n = 11). The training program included three sessions per week for eight weeks with training intensity of 60 to 80% of maximal heart rate. BMI, body fat percentage and weight of subjects were examined before and after the intervention. Arterial blood samples were used to measure SIRT1 and PGC-1α during the pre-test and post-test stages. FINDINGS: The assessments showed that PGC-1α levels increased from 7.7 to 8.7 and SIRT1 levels increased from 11.3 to 12.6, and this increase was significant in the training group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The results showed that body fat percentage decreased from 30.2 to 27.83 and weight decreased from 94.7 to 92.2, which was significant compared to the control group (p<0.001). Based on the results of this study, water training can increase the levels of SIRT1 and PGC-1α and decrease weight and body fat percentage.

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver is one of the major health problems in the society, which is mainly caused by obesity and the use of certain drugs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver and corticosteroid use. This case-control study was performed on 76 patients with normal BMI in two groups of 38 (with or without non-alcoholic fatty liver). The groups were matched according to age and gender and were compared regarding at least 6 months of corticosteroid use and suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver. FINDINGS: Of 76 patients who were included in the study, 51 (65.4%) were male. 26% (20 people) of the case group and only 3.9% (3 people) of the control group used corticosteroid. The results showed significant effect of corticosteroid on fatty liver disease (p<0.001). In addition, the two variables of gender and corticosteroid use could predict 32% of changes in fatty liver. In this study, odds ratio in men was almost 6 times higher than women (CI-95%: 2.04–17.54, OR=5.92) (p<0.001). The odds ratio of developing fatty liver disease in the corticosteroid group was almost 13% higher than those who did not use corticosteroid (CI-95%: 3.94 – 49.51, OR = 12.96). The results of this study showed that the effect of corticosteroid use on the fatty liver, especially among men, is significant.

Chemotherapy is one of the main treatment options for cancer patients. Nausea and vomiting are also the most common side effects of chemotherapy drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil on nausea and vomiting in the acute phase of chemotherapy (the first 24 hours) in patients with breast cancer. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 100 women with breast cancer who were referred to the chemotherapy centers of Imam Khomeini Hospital on an outpatient basis for the first course. Patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Peppermint essential oil was used in the intervention group, while normal saline was used in the control group. Frequency and severity of acute nausea and vomiting in the first night after chemotherapy were recorded and compared using Rhodes standard questionnaire with a mean score of 0 – 32. FINDINGS: The two groups were not statistically different in terms of age, duration of cancer, history of alcohol abuse and history of nausea and vomiting. The mean score of nausea in the aromatherapy group was 1.1±1.02 and in the in the control group was 1.82±1.39 (p<0.014). The mean score of vomiting in the intervention group was 0.34±0.66 and in the control group was 0.66±0.97 (p<0.032). The results of this study showed that the use of aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil, along with the use of routine anti-nausea / vomiting drugs, can reduce nausea and vomiting in the acute phase of chemotherapy

Amblyopia is one of the common eye diseases in children and the risk of vision loss is possible. Therefore, the aim of this study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of Amblyopia in Iranian children. A meta-analysis was performed for relevant articles in scientific databases including SID, ScienceDirect and Medline (PubMed) and Google Scholar in March 1999- February 2017, using the Persian and English Keywords of Amblyopia, children, Iran. FINDINGS: In the review of internal and external journals and search on SID databases 22 articles, PubMed 126 articles, ScienceDirect 112 articles and 116 Google Scholar search engines. Then the articles that had the initial conditions for entry into the study were 162 cases based on preliminary studies, with the elimination of 214 repetitive articles. Finally, removing 120 articles unrelated to the topic of the study and removing 24 articles in the secondary studies ultimately 18 papers entered the meta-analysis process. The overall Prevalence of amblyopia in Iranian children was 5.4 % (95% Cl: 3.1%-9.1%). According to the results of this study, the prevalence of amblyopia in Iranian children is high.