مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل
سال بیستم شماره 11 (پیاپی 134، آبان 1397)

Premature loss of mandibular first molar is a common problem in adults. Mesial tipping of second molar may occur in this situation. Various orthodontic mechanics have been proposed for molar uprighting. The aim of this study was to compare four methods of molar uprighting using Finite Element Analysis(FEM). In first model of this finite element study, a 0.019×0.025 inch beta-titanium segmental arch wire with a T-loop was used. In second model a miniscrew was inserted in retromolar space and force was applied using elastomeric chain. The third model was a piece of 0.016×0.022inch beta-titanium wire with a bend which was placed more occlusal than the screw. The fourth model contained a mesially inserted miniscrew with an angle of 70 degrees to bone surface and a 0.018×0.025inch beta-titanium wire with helix. Extrusion, center of rotation and stress distribution in PDL during movement was compared between methods.
FINDINGS: Buccal cusp extruded 1.36E-03, 1.13E-03, -9.74E-04 and 1.49E-03 mm in first, second, third and fourth model, respectively. Similarly, in lingual cusp, the amount of vertical displacement was at least in third model (-6.83E-04 mm). This amount in second and first method was 1.12E-03 and 4.05E-04 mm, respectively. The maximum amount of extrusion of lingual cusp occurred in fourth model (9.01E-03 mm).
Mesial and distal cusps extruded 2.12E-04 and 1.58E-03 mm in first model, -1.14E-03 and 3.80E-03 mm in second method, -2.37E-03 and 7.04E-04 mm in third design and, 1.88E-03 and 8.57E-03 mm in the fourth model.
The center of rotation was located at molar bifurcation in third model. The maximum amount of extrusion in both mesiodistal and buccolingual path was seen in fourth model. The best type of movement was found in third model, in which minimum extrusion occurred and center of rotation located at molar bifurcation.

Considering the high prevalence of prostate cancer and the effect of androgens on its progression, this study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of tamoxifen as an anti-androgen on prostate cancer. In this experimental study, the human cell line (PC3) was purchased from the Pasteur Institute. The effect of tamoxifen at concentrations of 0, 3.25, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 μM on cells was evaluated, and the tests of viability, migration, colonization and cell morphological changes were respectively performed using MTT, wound healing, colonization, and giemsa staining methods.
FINDINGS: IC50 dosage of tamoxifen of 15 μM with a regression coefficient of 0.90 was obtained within 24 hours. The results showed that tamoxifen significantly inhibited proliferation with 7.3±0.6 colonies compared with 100 colonies of control (p<0.03) and migration with 278.4±1.5 μm groove diameter compared with 89.68 ± 0.9 μm of control (p<0.01) at the dose of 15 μM. Treatment of cells with a dose of 15 μM also causes changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm and causes apoptosis in comparison with the control group. The results of this study showed that tamoxifen has significant inhibitory effects on PC3 prostate cell and can be considered as an appropriate way for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Hesperetin as the main flavonoid in citrus possesses various pharmacological properties including anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the effects of hesperetin on seizures behavior and its function on total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation has been investigated in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures model. In this experimental study, thirty-five mice were divided into 5 experimental groups as control, saline and hesperetin at doses of 10, 20 or 50 mg/kg. Animals received orally the related interventions for 7 days. On day 7, 30 minutes after oral gavage, convulsion was induced by single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of PTZ at dose of 60 mg/kg. After recording of convulsion behaviors including latency to myoclonic jerks, latency and duration of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, time to death, measuring of Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) carried out in hippocampus tissues.
Findings: Pretreatment with hesperetin at dose of 50 mg/kg significantly increased the latency of myoclonic jerks (hesperetin 50: P=0.0323) and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (hesperetin 10: P= 0.0003, hesperetin 20: 0.0017, hesperetin 50: P=0.0040). Hesperetin application at dose of 10 mg/kg significantly reduced the levels of TBARS compared to control group. Any significant difference in FRAP levels was not observed between different experimental groups. The results of study indicate that hesperetin might be effective as supplementary treatment in epilepsy disorder.

Background and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, it is treated by nonstroidal anti-inflamatory drugs. Using medicinal plants has lower dangers than chemical drugs.One of the plants used in the traditional medicine is Elaeagnus angustifolia. In the present study to confirm the anti-inflammatory property of the plant the effect of the extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia is examined on the expression of the iNOS and COX2 genes. This experimental study was performed on 35 male wistar rats. 7 rats  were considered as control group, and in the rest of rats rheumatoid arthritis was induced according to the CIA protocol with collagen type 2 injection.One group was not treated as the control group and three groups were treated orally for a period of 30 days by ibuprofen with the concentration 15 mg/kg and the aqueous extract of the Elaeagnus angustifolia with the concentration 350 mg/kg and their combination,then expression of the COX2 and iNOS genes were measured by real time PCR technique.
FINDINGS: Treatment with ibuprofenand the aqueous extract reduced the genes expression. In other words, the expression of the iNOS gene decreased more in the ibuprofen group (6.34±0.49) than the Elaeagnus angustifolia (7.71±0.61; p<0.001) and the expression of the COX2 gene decreased more in Elaeagnus angustifolia (7.70±0.77) than ibuprofen group (9.93±0.68; p< 0.001). it seems that the aqueous extract of the elaeagnus angustifolia can be used independently or together with ibuprofen to treatment of the rheumatoid arthritis.  

Studies have shown that Cuscuta family can influence development of cancer cells. It is also important that medicinal plants applied as anticancer extracts do not exert cytotoxic effects on non-cancerous cells. Accordingly, the present study was carried out to determine the cytotoxic effects of hydroalcoholic Cuscuta europaea extract on breast cancer (MCF7) cells compare to and non-cancerous kidney epithelial (Vero) cells. In this experimental study, MCF7 and Vero cells were purchased from Pasteur institute cell bank and divided in to control group and groups exposed to 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/ml of hydroalcoholic Cuscuta europaea extract. 48 hours after exposure, cytotoxic effect of the extract on cell lines was measured using MTT assay method. The data were statistically analyzed between groups using ANOVA. Compared to control group, the exposure to 0.01,0.1,1 and10 mg/ml of hydroalcoholic Cuscuta europaea extract resulted in significant decrease in viability of MCF7 cells (54.47, 55, 44.62 and 4.64 percent, respectively) and Vero cells (58.42, 48.61, 43.14 and 5.35 percent, respectively) (P<0.001). The results of this study showed that although hydroalcoholic Cuscuta europaea extract has cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells but at the same time has cytotoxic effects on non-cancerous cells; according to which, using the extract for breast cancer treatment is not favorable because of its cytotoxic effects on non-cancerous cells.

In the health service system, if the recipients get familiar with the services provided and the prescribed criteria and have a positive attitude, they can help the health team improve the effectiveness of health interventions while having all the benefits provided. This study aimed to determine the level of familiarity and attitude of the covered by the Family Physician Program about its terms and requirements. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the winter 2016 on the population covered by the urban family physician program; participants were selected randomly by cluster sampling. In each cluster, 10 households and per household one person over 20 years were questioned. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of two parts: individual variables and familiarity with the criteria and terms of the program, including 34 open and closed questions; its validity and reliability were confirmed.
FINDINGS: Familiarity level of 551(31.1%) was low, 695(39.3%) moderate, 523(29.6%) high. 846(56.1%) had a positive attitude and 663(43.9%) had a negative attitude toward the program terms and requirements. Eight personal and social variables at the level of familiarity and six variables were influenced at the level of attitudes. There was a significant relationship between some of the individual and social variables and the level of familiarity and attitude (P<0.05). This study showed that a large percentage of the population did not have enough familiarity and positive attitude with the urban family physician program, and some of the individual and social variables were affected.

Due to the fresh water scarcity in many parts of the world, desalinating of water and wastewaters has been taken into consideration now. Microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a new technology which can desalinate water, generate electricity, and simultaneously purify wastewaters in a reactor. However, low current generation and deionization are from main challenges of this process. This study aimed to improve the MDCs efficacy. Three-cell MDC consisted of anode, cathode, and middle chambers, was designed. Here, ozone was used as a new electron acceptor in MDC (O3-MDC), and middle chamber solution containing 20 g/L NaCl was pretreated by ultrasonic process. The reactor operated under oxygen diffusion (O2-MDC), and without ultrasonic pretreatment was chosen as control. Biofilm formation on anode surface and dominant bacteria in the O3-MDC reactor were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively.
Findings: saltwater pre-treatment caused to increase the electrical conductivity from 28.1 ms/cm to 35.5 ms/cm. Moreover, the use of ozone in the reactor significantly improved the reactor performance in terms of bioelectricity generation and water desalination, so that O2-MDC and O3-MDC were able to remove 74% and 55.58% of NaCl from water, respectively. Proteobacteria, firmicuites and acidobacteria were dominant microbial communities in the anode biofilm based on 16S rRNA sequencing. Modified MDC can be a good option for water desalination if properly navigated. Although the process is still subject to some limitations, conducting such studies can provide basics of process operationalization and commercialization.

Immunologic and inflammatory factors have been presented in the ethiology of pre eclampsia that is one of commonest ethiology of maternal mortality, on the other hand periodontal disease (PD) due to ongoing   gingival inflammation, the aim of this research is evaluation the association of these two diseases. This case control study with simple sampeling from available cases .The control group were 80 preeclamptic pregnant women and the control group were 80 pregnant women without preeclampsia. The mean of periodontal diseases indexes:  Plaque Index (PI), Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), measured in two groups and with other data analyzed with SPSS version 16 software and P value < 0.05 considered significant.
Findings: Statistical differenc of the mean of age, BMI, gestational age and gravidity in two groups was not significant. The mean of CAL in case goup was 1.14 ± 0.14mm and in control group was 1.13± 0.14mm ( P value = 0.68), the mean of  PI  scoring in case group was 1.18  ± 0.13 and in control group was 1.18±0.17 ( Pvalue = 0.87) and the mean of GBI in case group was 14.7±2.8% and in control group was 14.3±3.1%( Pvalue = 0.35) The mean of periodontal diseases indexes in pre eclamptic women and control group has not significant statistical differentiation.

BACHGROUND AND

Sleep disturbances, a common compliance of the elders with heart failure(HF) reduce quality of life. But it isn’t noticed to simple, and low-cost interventions as exercise for sleep quality. The objective of this study is “Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on sleep quality in the elderlies with HF”.

This study is a randomized, clinical trial design.60 male elderlies suffering from HF type 2 and 3were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. Pitzberg’s sleep quality questionnaire as a tool for examining the sleep quality was used for data gathering. The aerobic and resistance exercise program were performed for 3 months. The sleep quality questionnaire was filled both in pre- and post-intervention, and the results were compared between the groups.
FINDINGS: The aerobic and resistance exercise had promoted scores of sleep duration(0/23±0/77), sleep efficiency (0/73±1.01), subjective sleep quality (0/6±0/93), and daytime function (0/06±1/14)(p<0/05). But the exercise Program doesn’t affect on sleep latency, sleep disturbances, and use of sleep medications.

Improving the sleep quality,and components of sleep outcomes with the aerobic and resistance exercise promote daytime function in the elderlies with HF.

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is an inflammatory vasculitis with very low frequency and prevalence. It is not clear why the inflammatory process of this disease is limited to cerebrovascular disease without systemic manifestations. A case of primary angiitis of the central nervous system with cerebrovascular manifestations is reported here. 
CASE REPORT: The patient is a 50-year-old woman with headache, nausea, vomiting, and visual symptoms without clear motor impairment. Normocytic normochromic anemias tests and function tests of kidney, liver and thyroid and serology of infectious diseases were reported to be normal. The patient underwent brain imaging, and due to multiple lesions in both cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum, she underwent biopsy with a probable diagnosis of cerebral vasculitis. After histopathologic confirmation, the patient was discharged with glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide therapy, and the symptoms subsided after one year follow-up. Based on the results of this case report, some general and common symptoms of the primary angiitis of the central nervous system should also be considered.