مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 22، زمستان 1380)

INTRODOCTION: Colibacillosis is a common systemic infection caused by E. Coli in poultry. The disease is economically important for poultry producers. In the past strain identification was limit to serotyping and determination of antimicrobial resistance patterns which is not of great value because an identical resistance pattern does not prove that the strains are identical. In present study we compared serotype, antimicrobial resistance pattern, plasmid DNA profiling along with restriction endonuclease analysis for subtyping E. Coli isolated form poultry. A total of 50 strains of E.Coli, was isolated from bile and liver of poultry in several aviaries in Tehran between 1 October 2001 and 15 January 2002. Isolation and identification of strains was carried using standard procedures. Serotyping was performed by agglutination test using the Mst Diagnostic Kit (Mast Group Ltd., Mersey side, UK). Using monovalent and polyvalent serums of the kit only O6 serotype was determined. Serotyping was not possible for all of the isolated strains using the above menthioned kit. All clinical isolated serotypes were routinely tested by single-disk diffusion method against the commonly used antimicrobial agents. 50 strains of E.Coli showed 10 different resistance patterns. The most common antimicrobial resistance pattern was Tiamulin/ Flumequine/ Tetracycline/ Oxytetracycline/ Rifampicin/ Sxt/ Enrofloxacin (28%). Plasmid DNA was extracted by modification of the Birnboim and Doly technique. Isolated Plasmids were separated by electrophoresis on a 0.8% agarose gel in TBE buffer. In all the screened E.Coli strains plasmid of different molecular size were found. Plasmid profile distinguished more strains than did antimicrobial resistance pattern. In 50 E.Coli isolates which showed 10 different patterns of resistance, we found 25 plasmid profiles. Plasmid preparations were further compared by restriction endonuclease digestion, using Hind III, HindII, and EcoRI. In some cases restriction endounclease analysis in one banding pattern plasmid profiles showed heterology between plasmids. In this study Plasmid profile analysis distinguished more strains of E.coli from poultry in comparisom to antimicrobial resistance pattern and serotyping.

Working memory is a mental capacity that allows language comprehension. Memory deficits due to brain damage have been shown in m many studies. In this research we compared working memory capacity of left hemisphere damaged aphasic patients with normal adults. Working memory tasks was companed between adult aphasic patients (n=10) and age, gender and literacy matched normal adults (n=10).Two different tasks including written cards and a plate with distributed diode lamps were used for assessment visual auditory and visual-spatial working memory. in aphasic patients for both tasks by increasing the number of retrieval items the number of errors increased significantly. Since working memory is a temporary medium of retension and processing for complex process such as Language diagnosis of its deficits and treating that in aphaxic patients is adviced. The results of this study showed a severe decrease in the working memory of dysfluent aphasic patients.

Tracheal intubation for general anesthesia can increase heart rate and blood pressure through the stimulation of the autonomic nervous system. These hemodynamic changes may make myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction and dysrhythmia especially in patients with cardiac disease. We compared the effects of lidocaine, verapamil and the combination of these two in preventing blood pressure and heart rate rises during tracheal intubation. This study was randomized, clinical trial and the population under study was 100 patients (ASA physical status 1) who underwent elective surgical procedures. Patients were divided randomly into Saline (control), verapamil (0.1 mg/kg) lidocaine (1mg/kg) and verapamil-lidocaine (0.1mg/kg verapamil plus 1mg/kg lidocaine) groups.Drugs were given intravenously 2 minutes before tracheal intubation. The induction and maintenance of anesthesia was the same for all groups. Systolic and diastolic arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded before induction of anesthesia, immediately after intubation or 3 and 5 minutes after tracheal intubation. Even though verapamil was more effective then lidocaine both lidocaine and verapamil prevented the hemodynamic changes associated with tracheal intubation and the combination of these two was more effective. With respect to the result of this study we suggest intravenous injection of verapamil (0.1mg/kg) and lidocatine (1mg/kg) 2 minutes before tracheal intubation as an effective and prophylactic method to control the hemodynamic changes associated with tracheal intubation.

Human has been suffered from tuberculosis (TB) more than any other diseases. Prevalence of TB in Kurdistan province has not been determined yet. Estimation of TB prevalence is difficult and is usually approximated by using some global and local indices, which may be far from that virtually exist. This work was conducted to estimate TB prevalence in one of the Sanandaj suburban regions, mainly to approach the difficulties of TB estimation in the field, in hope to facilitate further study in larger scales. In prevalence study using designed questionnaire, 1531 persons were screened based on demographic, general health condition, and clinical signs of tuberculosis. Persons with prominent signs of TB were evaluated clinically. Sputum of 24 persons suspected to TB was collected in three consecutive days and stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method and examined for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB). Analysis of data in relation to constitutional signs of TB showed that 38 persons (2.5%) had coughing for more than 3 weeks, 67 (4.4%) had night sweating, 66 (4.3%) had loss of appetite and weight, and 7 (0.5%) had a history of hoemoptysis. Of 24 sputum 15 specimens were mainly saliva and one specimen was positive for AFB in all three successive day specimens, which mean 65 per 100000 prevalence for smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in the region which has been studied. The results of this study showed that: 1- A combination of health staff, student and university workers can have good performance in field of research especially Health System Research (HSR). 2- People do not like to be known that have been affected. 3- The quality of sputum in most cases is not suitable. The estimated TB prevalence in the study region was much higher than the estimated of prevalence, for the country and which was done in the city of Bijar. The same study in a larger scale to obtain the prevalence of the disease is suggested.

INTRODOCTIONS: Shahid Baheshti medical university hospitals have been known as the impotant centers that gives a wide range theraputic and educational services to Iranian society. Being aware of the needs and motivational causes of effecctive presence of physician in those centers and suggesting some strategies for their effective presence is an important step toward service improvement. The variables of this research including salary, job security, educational needs, job improvement, respect to physician by manager and personnel and the relation between physician were selected using the Herzberg model. Some of this variables were considered as a factor for unleaving the job and others were considerd as motivational factors. For this purpose a questionnaire was prepared and was filled by sixty faculty member in Loghman and Taaleghani hospitals. Fourthy-eight percent of physicians declared that hospital income covers only 20% of thier accomodation. Fourty-three and fourthy percent of physicians declared that their presence in hospitals for educational and theraputic purposes are usual. Upon the results obtained from this study for effective presence of physician in hospitals we must provides their needs using strategies such as giving rewards based on effective pressence, logical theraputic service tariff, job security, job improvement condition.

There is a general aggrement about considering growth curve as a great tool to reach world wide health. The importance of growth curve for health will become more clear when we consider the fact that growth impairment in the first years of the life will affect the growth of person through the rest. This study was cross sectional and was done in 1992 in sanandaj health care centers. Data regarding weight, height and head circumference of 2090 children (1051 male and 1039 female) younger than three years old was registered in check list and analyzed using SPSS win software. At the date of birth mean weight, height and head circumference in males and females was 3.3 kg vs 3.2 kg, 49.3 cm vs 48.4 cm and 34.8cm vs 34.5cm respectively. In two years old children the mean increase in head circumference, weight and height was 2.6 cm, 2.5 kg vs 2.1 kg and 10 cm vs 9.8 cm respectively. In three years old boys and girls mean increase in weight and hight was 1.9 kg vs 2.4 kg and 9.9 vs 10.2 cm respectively. Even though the changes in height and weight of children younger than 3 years old was not match exactly with the standard international growth curve (NCHS), the similarity was great enough to use the standard curve for evaluating growth of children in the absence a regional curve.

Neural tube defects (NTD) especially spina bifida and anencephaly are the important causes of death in newborns and infants. The incidence of the disease varies through the world and it is estimated that more than 300/000 infants are born with neural tube defect annually. This study was performed in sanandaj besat hospital of Kurdestan province to determin the incidence and epidemiologyical character of the disease.MATEREALS & This study was cross sectional and the population under study included 14915 infants born in behsat hospital during 1999-2002. Statistical analysis was done by K2 and T-test using spss win sovftware. Of 14915 newborn infants who was studied 93 had NTD (Incidence rate 6.23 per 1000 birth). The incidence of anencephaly and spinal bifidia in the population under study was 1.87 and 1.94 Per 1000 birth respectively. With respect to the result of this study we concluded that the incidence of NTD in sanandaj behsat hospital is higher than the incidence of the disease in the other parts of the world. A long - term study in Kurdistan province to obtain the incidence and causes of the disease is suggested.

Each year about 600000 hysterectomy are performed in the united states and is the second most common operation after cesarian. Because of its effect on infertility and mental image of the body it may lead to sexual dysfunction. This study was done to evaluate the effect of hysterectomy on sexual dysfunction in patients referred to Behsat hospital. This study was retrospective cohort study and the population under study was a group of married women (n=44) born in 1951 or after that who under went hysterectomy between 1998-1999. The same number of non-hysterctomised married women were selected by randomized sampling and was considered as control group. Data was analyzod by SPSS win software using 2 test and RR statistical cofficient. Hysterectomy made some changes in sexual function including decrease in sexual pleasure during orgasm, increase in vaginal drynessm, increase in vaginal contraction and fear of intercourse. It did not affect libido, postcoital headache and dyspareunia. It did not make psychologic symptoms such as depression, irrtability, anexiety, obsession-compulssion and insomnia. Base on the rasults of this study hystrectomy can impair some aspects of sexual function. Sexual impairments can be impressed itself by psychological factors including person protection by surrounds.