مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 33، پاییز 1383)

Unlimited self renewal potential of embryonic stem cells in differentiation to different types of cells Provides cells which can be an attractive doner source for developmental studies, cell therapy and gene therapy sterategies. In this research ES cells were differentiated into neuron-like cells. At first, dispersed cells from growing cultures were plated into siliconized petri dishes. Under these conditions the cells spontaneously produced embryoid bodies. Embryoid bodies were cultured in a medium containing retinoic acid for four days and anather four days in a medium without retinoic acid. Then embryoid bodies were plated into tissue culture grade Petri dishes and evaluated morphologicaly. Also cresyl violet staining and immunocytochemical evaluation using nestin and synaptophysin antibodies were performed to verify the phenotype of the neural cells. Our results showed after transfering of embryoid bodies into tissue culture dishes neural like cells were appeared at the margin of embryoid bodies. Gradually these cells increase in namber and grow on the surface. The results of cresyl violet staining and immunocytochemical evaluations confirmed that differentiated cells were of neural origin. Therefore, It can be concluded when ever embryoid bodies are prepared from CCE embryonic stem cells using siliconized petri dishes, they can be differentiated into neural cells, and CCE embryonic stem cells is a suitable cell line for in vitro studies on embryonic development.

Introductin: The advent of computers, visual display terminals and their capabilities have gradually resulted in an increase in their use and user population. The use of these devices have created new hazards for their operators, namely exposure to their electromagnetic field (EMF). Therefore, assessment of this hazard and monitoring of operator's health is necessary. This study was of a descriptive-analytical type. In this study, EMF around 80 monitors was measured at various distances in the of Medical School of Hamadan University using HI-3603 survey meter. 50 computer operators wereselected as the case group and another 61 were selected as the control group. The data concerning the signs of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) were collected by use of questionnaires for both groups. The statistical test of t-test and χ2 were used for the analysis of the results. Results indicated that in 97.7% and 27.5% of cases, at distances of 30cm and 50cm from the monitors respectively, the intensity of the magnetic field was greater than 20mA/m, respectively. In 28.7% and 10% of cases at distances of 30 cm and 50cm, the intensity of the electric field was greater than 2.5 V/m respectively. It was found that there was a relationship between the type and the life span of monitors (P<0.05). A comparison of the signs of CFS between the case and control groups indicated that there was a higher prevalence of lacrimation (P<0.001), headaches (P<0.001) and dizziness (P=0.002) in the case group. While operating a computor, it is recommended to keep a mininum distance of 60 cm away from it.

Water is the most common material in use so its quality plays an important role in the health of people. Water is contaminated easily and it may carry several contaminants and germs in it. It is necessary to make sure that drinking water is not contaminated (particularly with biological contaminants). Biological indices such as Coliform and the MPN test have been designed to assess the quality of water. In routine biological quality control procedures of water parasite rates, quality control has been neglected due to a need for complex devices that is required for water filtration in huge volumes (approximately 400 liters). This was a Quasi-Experimental study to assess the efficacy of Vacuum pump less filters and membrane filters in removal of cysts, oocytes and parasites. Data was collected by observation and experimental tests. We designed a simple device for water filtration without a vacuum pump, and then we added a certain amount of giardia cysts (3 samples containing 3000000,30000 and 300 cysts in 50 liters of water) to a certain amount of water. The water was filtrated and the efficacy of the system was determined. In the second stage, water sampling was performed by means of the designed device. We took 12 samples from the city water (7 samples from water sources and 5 samples from distribution networks) and 2 samples from 2 points in a refinery plant (entering raw water and refined outgoing water). a total of 400 liters of water was collected for testing. This survey showed that the designed device was effective in removing giardia cysts up to 75%, 66% and 59% for 3000000, 30000 and 300 cysts respectively. According to the findings of this study all samples of water from different parts of city showed no parasictic contamination. only the entering raw water of the refinery plant contained a number of larvae, 4 giardia cysts and 2 Entamoeba coli cysts. The designed device showed to be effective in removing cysts and parasites from water, so it is suitable for use because it is a simple and cheap device. Water in the distribution network is relatively safe and it is much less likely for contaminated waters to enter the distribution system. Refinery plant's efficacy is high and all stages of decontamination are performed well. contamination of entering raw water by biological factors in the apper parts of the dam is due to agricultural and human sewage contamination.

Placental development in humans is as wonderful as the development of the fetus. During its brief intrauterine existence the fetus is dependent upon the placenta as its lung, liver and kidneys. Sometimes, because of unknown reasons, hemorrhage into decidua basalis and necrotic change in the tissues adjacent to the bleeding occurs but it doesn’t lead to miscarriage. The outcome of these pregnancies is under question and usually physicians and pregnant women are worried about it. The aim of this study to find the relationship between the subchorionic hemorrhage and the outcome of pregnancy. The statistical population included 75 women suffering from subchorionic hemorrhage (SH) and 83 women not suffering from. They were chosen out of many pregnant women who referred to Besat Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics clinic, Sanandaj. All of them underwent sonography. Prenatal care was done for them and the data was analyzed using Ttest and methods of analysis. The results of this study showed that pregnancy complications were more apparent in the case group than in the control group which included women with normal pregnancies and without subchorionic hemorrhage. Based on the results of this study miscarriage, intrauterine fetal death, placental abruption, intrauterine growth restriction, premature rupture of membrane, preterm labor in women with SH are more common than those in the control group.

Hemophilia is one of the most important coagulation disorders. At the present time the current treatment is factor replacement which may lead to many socio-economic problems and also transmission of some viral infections. In this study we evaluate an alternative treatment to factor replacement to decrease the aforementioned problems. This was an interventional study and the statistical population included all Hemophilia patients that referred to Besat Hospital. They were randomly divided into two groups: an intervention group of 13 patients and a control group of 15 patients. Tranexamic acid was only used for the intervention group (15 patients). Then the data was assessed by spss win software. In the intervention group bleeding episodes were reduced significantly (from 4.07 episodes per month to 3 episodes per month) and so was the need for factor replacement (from 80.1 u/kg/m to 58.7 u/kg/m). In the control group bleeding episodes and the need for factor replacement did not differ prior to and during the study. The results of this study showed that daily prophylactic use of TEA is effective in reducing bleeding episodes and decreasing the need for factor replacement in hemophilia patients. However, due to increased PTT and decreased serum clotting factors in patients, the risk of life threatening bleeding is likely to be high. Thus we don’t recommend the use of TEA as a prophylactic measure in hemophilia.

Clucose is the major fuel for most mammalian cells. However, abnormally high levels of glucose, as seen in diabetes may, lead to development of chronic complications. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of skin complications in diabetic patients who had referred to Tohid hospital in Sanandaj (IRAN) in 1381. Statistical population consisted of all diabetic patients who had referred to Kurdistan center of diabetes. A total of 134 diabetic patients referred to diabetes center of Kurdistan province during the first six months of 1381. The were examined and the data concerning their dermatologic status were collected and analyzed by use of SPSS. Win software and descriptive statistics. The study showed that 38 patients (28.4%) were male and 96 patients (71.6%) were females. Median age of the patients was 54.5 years (sd=12). Minimum age was 14 years and max. age was 79 years old. 48 patients (35.8%) of the population under survey had no skin complications. While 86 patients (64.2%) had one of the skin complications. Pruritus was the most common skin complication (40.3%). It seems that the prevalence of skin complications in diabetic patients in our study is similar to, and the severity of complications is less than those of other parts of the world. It may by due to good control and management of diabetes in our patients.

parasisteic infection of intestine is one of the most important health and economic problems in different countries especially in developing countries, which may leded to complications such as diarrhea or death. The determination of common causes of this health problem and its prevalence in various strata of society, especially children, is of particular importance. The aim of this research was to study the above factors in primary school children in Aliabad town in Golestan province. This study included 252 primary school children in 2002. A questionnaire concerning personal demographic information was completed for all of the sample subjects. Afterwards, a stool sample from each child was obtained and transferred to the laboratory for macroscopic and microscopic assessments. The data was analyzed by using spss and 2. The results of this study showed that 41.2% of the studied cases were infected, (34% had intestinal protozoa and 8.3% had enteric worm's infection). The most common infections were Giardiosis with 20.6% and H.nana with 8% prevalences. There was not a meaningful correlation between the rate of infection and age, parents’ employment, place of residence and ethnicity. However, there was a significant relation between these infections and mother’s literacy (P0.05). periodical tests are recommended which can assure early diagnosis and treatment.

Intruduction: There are various variables, such as the duration and client consistency in using a particular contraceptive method as well as some individual determinants, which play an important role in the optimal use of different contraceptive methods. IUD Cu-T380A is a safe and an effective method used by 12.5% of urban women in East Azerbaijan. The usage continuation rate of IUD Cu-T380A as well as its discontinuation reasons were evaluated in this study. This study was a cohort study with a sample population of 401 women randomly selected. All these women were using the IUD (Cu-T380A) method as a single contraceptive method. The data collection process started on March 21st, 1997 and ended on March 20th, 1999. Questionnaires were used to collect the data. For determining the period of IUD continuation after its insertion the Kaplan Meier method was used. Usage of IUD Cu-T380A by women at the end of 1st month, 6th month, 1st year, 2nd year, third year, 4th year, 5th year and 6th year was 98.3%, 89.3%, 79.3%, 68.3%, 58.3%, 49.6%, 43.9% and 36% respectively. The most common reasons for discontinuation of IUD were bleeding (44.2%) and expulsion (18.6%). Overall 3 pregnancies were reported after insertion of IUD, one of which occurred in the first year of its insertion. The results of this study could help health authorities and care givers in terms of counseling of women desiring IUD insertion and its follow up. This factor could result in more satisfaction with IUD usage and improve its continuation rate. In addition, it is recommended that other kinds of IUD, such as progestasert which will decrease the bleeding rate, are provided in health centers.