مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران
پیاپی 40 (پاییز 1382)

Background and Since histologists studied suprarenal glands more with immuno histochemical methods, and less about its surface cell glycoconjugate chains. Therefore this study was conducted to examine sugar or terminal glycoconjugate sugar chains of surface developing medullary chromatinic cells in mouse embryonic suprarenal glands. Mice embryos at days 13th to 20th of gestation developed by mating of 26 balb/c mice, were desected in diameter of 5 micrometers by serial section method after tissue processing. For observation of suprarenal glands and selection of proper sample, specimens were first stained with hematoxyline eosine (H&Ë) methods, then by using lectin, histochemistry processing microssopic study was done. Âmong the used lectins such as, MPÂ, PNÂ, VVÂ, WGÂ and ÔFÂ, only MPÂ on different embryonic days, with intensity and weakness related to the age, increase and/or decrease of chromaffinic cells, showed medullary region of adrenal gland. PNÂ was used as positive control. Çonclusion: Since only MPÂ lectin on the days of embryonic study had reaction with the chromaffin cells of suprarenal gland medullary region, and specifically binds to the cell surface receptor Gal-GalNÂc (Galactose-N-Âcetyl Galactosamine). Therefore it is proposed that, termal sugar Gal-GalNÂc as a recipient of the development inducing factors, be considered an important factor in development of chromaffin cells at medullary region of suprarenal gland.

Background and Ëmulsion are the systems developed from due ho minimal distribution of a non liquid in onoter liquid and in contrast to micro emulsions, stabilized are non strabilized. Their stability can be increased by increasing surface active agents. Since the amount og surfactant being used and volumic percentage of oil phase can effect the properties of wmulsion. This study was designed in order to evaluate the effect of oil phase and mixture of surfactants on critical HBL oil phase and reolegic behavier of liquid parafine emulsion in water Ïn order to evaluate effect of oil phase, emulision containing 25-55% oilphase and 5% mixture of surfactants in HBL range of 7-12 were prepared. For evaluation of effect on the rate of surfactants in oil emulsion containing 25% oilphase, 0.75 to 5% of surfactants mixture were prepared. Rate of physical stability of expected emulsions were evaluated at room temperature, 4oc and 40oc The results indicted that, with increasing in rate of internal phase at constant concentration of surfactant, stability of emulsions decrease(P<0.01). Âlso with increase in the rate of surfactant to a certain extent. Stability of emulsions at constant concentration of internal phase increase. This phenomenon seams to be due to formation of a preper and stable film of surfactant around the surpending dispersed phase dropets and increase the physical stability at proper concetration of surfactant, vis cosity increases by increasing in the amount of dispersed phase. Çonclusion: Çonsidering the abtained results, it can be said that for pereperation of stable emulsion of liquid paraphine in water there is need of a proper concentration of internal phase increase in intrnal phase with and emulsifier with optimum HLB. and making constant of emulsion concentration, rate of stability of the emulsiofier also decrease, which can be probably due to inefficiency of surfactants to to form a proper film around the sadpending dispersed phase droplets. Âbout the effect on change of the mentioned factors on the apparent viscogity it can be said that increase in the rate internal phase leads to increase in apparent viscosity of emulsion.

Background and Studies show that surface or subsurface water in some areas near to the pollutant sources, to an extent higher than the permisible potable limit are contaminated with cadmium. There are different reports about biological absorption of cadmium in high concentrations (present in industrial effluents) by bacterial biomass, but there is less report about removing of low concentrations cadmium (present in the contaminated water resources) with the above mentioned method. Âim of this study was to determine cadmium adsorption isotopes (0.2 to 5 mg/liter) by bacterial biomass, pH effects, biomass concentration on absorption isoterms, and also to determine efficiency rate of silicious containig column having adhered biomass to remove cadminum from water. Çadmium absorption isoterms determined by biomass at different pH, corresponded ÂSTM method. Ëffect of biomass concentration on the rate of cadmium absorption on the unit of biomass weight (q), rate of cadmium absorption by fresh and nonfresh biomass, and also rate of cadmium deabsorption from biomass due to contact with distilled water were determined. Breakthrough curves related to the water containing cadmium for concentration of 0.5 mg/liter at emply bed contact time (ËBÇT) for 15 and 30 minutes was plotted. With increase in initial concentration of cadmium, rate of its absorption on the weight unit of biomass (q) was high, but removing efficiency declined. Âbsorption of cadmium on bacterial biomass corresponded the first grade synthetic equilibrium. With increase in concentration of biomass, absorption rate of cadmium on the weight unit of biomass (q) declined. Ïncrease in pH caused acceleration of cadmium absorption. Rates of cadmium absorption by fresh biomass and non fresh biomass were nearly the same. Rate of cadmium absorption from biomass due to contact with distilled water was obtained. For 0.5 mg/liter concentration of cadmium, at the remaining times of 15 and 30 minuts. of breakthrough after passing of water were 40 and 85 folds volum of empty bed respectively. Çonclusion: Çadmium absorption by biomass is generaly physical and corresponds the first grade synthetic.

Background and Ïncreasing transfusion need is one of the main problems in thalassemic pathients. Âlloimmunization is one of the most complicated causes of this problem which is an immunologic response to foreign antigens. Âccording to different studies, its frequency is 5% to 21% in major B-thalassemic patients. Âlloimmunization leads to decrease RBÇs life span, an so, demands for increasing frequency of blood transfusion. Main aim of this research was to study frequency of alloimmunization and to determine type of involved antigen. Reffering to the obtaind data, it could help us plan proper match transfusion and appropriate medication in detected patients. Detection of correlation between alloimmunization and the parameters such as, size of liver and spleen, gender, blood groups and annual mean Hb concentration were the other purposes of this study. Ïn this study, serum of 162 B- thalassemic patients with frequent transfusion(more than 240 cc/kg/yr) regardless of gender, age and type of transfusion(with and without leukocyte filter) were studied. Âlloimmunization was studied by normals saline, 22% albumin and antihuman globulin with screen 0-cell indicator methods. Âll of the cases under study were negative for alloimmunization. For confirmation, sera of 96 patients were sent to Tehran reference blood transfusion center, panel test was done, the results indicated no alloimmunization. Ïnspite of accurate performance of the tests and repeatation, there was no case of alloimmunization. Çonclusion: Ïn contrast to the previous studies indicating the prevalence of alloimmanization in B- thalassemic patients as 5-21%, but the results of this study which were confirmed by reference laboratory showed that, there was no case of alloimmanization. Ït can be expressed that,there is antigenic similarity between blood donnars and recipients in close consanguinity of sistan and balochestan province.

Background and Neonatal icter is one of the most prevalent diseases in neonatal period and may lead to serious important complications such as kern icterus. For appropriate therapeutic approach to these patients, there is need of blood sampling and in some cases, repeated blood sampling, in order to measure bilirubin which causes certain complications such as infection, anemia, pain etc. Therefore non invasive measurement of bilirubin is an interest of researchers. Purpose of this study is to compare between measures of transcutaneous bilirubinometry (TÇB) and serum bilirubin (SB) in neonate patients. This study was a clinical trial and done by simple sampling.was method. Neonates admitted in NÏÇÜ and neonatal ward with clinical indication of measuring bilirubin were studied. Âfter giving instruction to the patients and matching TÇB measuring conditions, rate of bilirubin was labelled on forehead of the patients and serum bilirubin was measared by conventional method. From 105 TÇB and SB measurements, 49.5% were males and 50.5% were females. Gestational age of mother was 31.53 + 3.68 weeks and birth weight 1905.80 ± 778.50 grams. 76.6% of them at the time of sampling were under phototherapy and 18.1% were transfused. General correlation index between SB & TÇB was 0.686 and for females 0.750, birth weight between 1500 to 2500 grams, gestational age between 32 and 36 weeks (0.821) and in patient without phototherapy it was 0.699. Çonclusion: This study revealed that, there is a favorable correlation between transcutaneous bilirubinometry (TÇB) and serum bilirubin (SB) in neonate patients. Thus TÇB can be used as a screening method.

Background and Ëradication of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is essential for the effective treatment of peptic ulcer (p.ulcer). Triple therapy as the first line of treatment in eradication of H.pylori is recommended. Ïn this study, we aimed at comparing the efficacy of quadruple and triple therapies containing low dose furazolidone versus a triple therapy containing metronidazole and bismute. Ïn this study, 150 patients under endoscopy who had deodenal ulcer and confirmed for H.pylori were randomly enrolled with one of the following three methods of ÔÂF omeprasol 20 mg BÏD, amoxycillin 1000 mg BÏD and furazolidone 100 mg BÏD or metronidazole 500 mg BÏD (ÔÂM) and/or (ÔÂBF), omeprazol 20 mg BÏD, amoxycillin 1000 mg BÏD, furazolidone 100 mg BÏD and bismuth subcitrate 240 mg BÏD for 2 weeks. Ëradication of H.pylori 12 weeks after treatment was assessed confirmed with 14-c urea breath test. 150 patients,included 88 males and 62 females with mean age group of 40.3 ± 11.5 were under study. Ïn these three groups, there was no significant difference for ratio of male to female, mean age, smoking, gastrointestinal bleeding history, using of non steroid drugs, duration of observing symptoms and size of ulcer. Drug compliance for ÔÂF, ÔÂM and ÔÂBF were 94%, 96% and 98% respectively. Severe side effects (malaise, anorexia and diarrhea) of ÔÂF were observed in 8%, in ÔÂM 4% (headache and dry mouth), in ÔÂBF group 6% (malaise, nausea and dizziness). 140 patients could complete the treatment courses. Rate of eradication based on intention to treat for ÔÂBF, ÔÂM and ÔÂF were 72%, 40% and 54% respectively, and based on completion of the study were 73.4%, 40.8% and 57.4% respectively. Çonclusion: Çonsidering the obtained result, and in spite of priority of Furazolidone, none of the three mentioned triple theray regimens had required efficacy and are not recommended for eradication of H.pylori. Ïn quaruple regimens containing low dose of furazolidone, eradication rate of H.pylori had significant increase, but was less than gold standard. Therefore in order to obtain ideal regimen, more study with low doses of furazolidone such as, moderate dose of furazolidone daily 300 mg in quadruple regimen for 2 weeks or even high dose of furazolidone 400 mg daily. Ïn quadruple regimen furazolidone only in the first week and rest of drugs, are recommended. for 2 weeks.

Background and Many plants extracts or their derivatives have been used in commercial toothpastes to treat periodontal diseases in the world. Çhamomile has healing property with anti bacterial and antifungal activities and also is applied topically to relieve pain. Myrrh has been used as an antiseptic, antifungal and anti inflammatory, also used as an astringent to mucous membranes, as a gargle or mouth wash for inflammation of the mouth. This is a study on formulation of tooth paste containing these two plants products as a preliminary clinical evaluation about relieving property of this prepration on bleeding gum. Ïn this research, after formulation of several toothpastes (23 formulations) and evaluation of their physical stability (at 4oc, 25oc and 40oc), quality (pH, microbial control, etc) and presence of active ingredients in tincture of myrrh, chamomile extract and peppermint oil the effects of preparations containing myrrh (1%), chamomile (1.5%) (F21) and Myrrh (1%) itself (F22) were evaluated on bleeding gum. Ïn this double blind study, 49 volunteers with bleeding gum were under placebo control for two weeks. Glycerin and Polyethyleneglycole 200 were selected as best cosolvents for preparation of toothpaste. Çonsidering the evaluation of the prepared formulation carboxy methyl cellulose (as a gelling agent) and tri-calcium phosphate (as abrasive) caused more stability of formulations. 49 volunteers with bleeding gums took part in this double blind, placebo – controlled, clinical trial for 2 weeks. The results indicated significant effect of F21 and F22 on bleeding gum compare with placebo (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 respectively). Çonclusion: The present study suggests that this toothpaste can be introduced as an effective preparation on bleeding gum.

Background and Ône of the prevalent psychological disorders mainly occuring at the end of adulescence and beginning of younghood is eating disorder. Their prevalence has been estimated to be about 4%. These disorders have different important complications such as, malnutrition and growth disorders. Studies have indicated that abnormal eating attitudes are predisposing of these disorders. Several epidemiologic studies show wide variation in prevalence of these abnormal attitudes and their influencing factors. Since determining of frequency distribution and the influencing factors have very important role in performing preventive plan, this study was necessary. Ïn this study, 1200 high school students have been studied regarding abnormal eating attitude, depression, anxiety and some other predisposing variables like Âge, sex, parents, education and profession, family size, place of residence, and body mass index(BMÏ). These students were selected by stratified random sampling method and evaluated by eating attitude test(ËÂT-26), spilberger anxiety test and beck depression test Âbnormal eating attitudes were found in 10.5% of the cases under study. Ïn a logistic regression model, depression status and BMÏ showed significant relation with abnormal eating attitudes. Severe and moderate depression were prevalent in persons with abnormal eating attitudes than in normal(42.4%. vs27.4%.).Ïn obese and too obese cases, abnormal eating attitudes were more prevalent than in normal people(31.8% & 16.7% vs. 511.1%.). Çonclusion: Prevalence of eating attitude disorders in this study is almost similar to the results of studies done in the other countries. Those with these abnormal attitudes, are more at the risk of developing psychological disorders, like depression, which can be serious in case of ignorance.

Background and Ëarly detection of cancer is a world wide need, to such an extent that, in 1970, WHÔ, proclaimed that, early detection of cancer is vital.Ïn women servical cancer is the most common after the skin, breast and lung cancer. Ït can be diagnosed easily prior to malignancy stage. Pap smear is one of the screening tests for diagnosis of cervical cancer. Ït has been estimated that pap smear screening test in every three years in the women of 20 to 65 years old will decline the rate of mortality and morbidity to this cancer for about 90%. This was a descriptive cross sectional study done on 300 women. The individuals under study were 15-49 years old women living in Yazd city who were selected randomly. Sampling was done in two phases. Ât first, 15 random clusterings from different regions of Yazd city were selected, and after 2 clusters, 20 families were selected. Âfter statistical analysis of questionnaires, the following results were obtained the highest knowledge on pap smear was observed in the women with age group under 25 years (34-3%) and the lowest knowledge in the women with age group of 35-49 years(21%). Level of knowledge in employed women was more than the housewifes. (42.9%). Women with university education had more adequate knowledge as compared with the women of high school level education (44.4%). Çonclusion: Ïn all, there was no significant relationship between the level of knowledge and demographic information such as (age, number of pregnancies, deliveries, profession and education of women and men, and preventive methods). There was significant relationship between the attitude P=0.07 and education P=0.023 of women. No relation was observed on the other demographic information. Çonsidering the obtained data, presentation of educational programs on pap smear in order to increase the level of knowledge and practice of the women is very necessary.

Background and This study is accomplished to compare the diagnostic accuracy of endometrial aspiration biopsy and transvaginal hysterosonography vs curettage of endometrium in primary diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleedings. This prospective, controlled and clinical study was accomplished from January 20 th 1999 through 19 th 2000. Ât first 50 patients were selected for this study, but 3 for them were excluded later on, therefore the study was carried out with 47 patients. Routine transvaginal sonography was done to measure the size of uterus and ovaries, and endometrial thickness. Then transvaginal histerosonography was done to assess. endometrial thichness, symmetry and also presence of probable intracavitry masses. The next day, endometrial aspriration biopsy with pipelle curette was done. Final histologic sample was obtained from diagnostic curettage. The results of histopathologic assessment of diagnostic curettage were compared with hysterosonography and endometrial aspiration biopsy findings. Çombination of transvaginal hysterosonography and endometrial aspiration could diagnose endometrial lesions with sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 88.6%. Ïn this study, none of the endometrial cavity disorders were undiagnostic. Çonclusion: Hysterosonography accompanied by endometrial biopsy is an acceptable clinical method in evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding, and the patients can be treated confidently without any curettage which is having complication and additional expenses. The patients with uterine cavity masses or endometrial disorders can be referred for surgical procedures.

Background and Tissue differentiation based on measurement of ultrasonic parameters is an ideal gool. Ïn this study, attenuation coefficent measurement in 10 MHZ ultrasonic wave in breast tissue, begin and maliguant paranchymal tissue at 20oc, 25 oc, 30 oc and 35 oc were measured and analyzed. Dat a were collected from 57 biopsies and mastectomy specimens, then implanted in medium having the same condition of breast paranclaymal tissue, then ultrasonic images (Â-mode) at 20oc, 25 oc, 30 oc and 35 oc were recorded and processed. Âfter measuring of ecostatistic resistant and study of echo ranges from frontal and posterior sections of the specimens, attenuation coefficient was determined. The results showed that, at under, 37oc, with increasing in temperature, attenuation coefficient has negative dependence to the increase in temperature. Value of attenuation coefficient at 20oc for normal paranchymal tissues begin and malignant tissue are about 26.7%, 16.8% and 17.4% respectively, which are higher than that of 35oc. by measuring of attenuation coefficient of ultrasonic wave in the groups under study, it was noticed that, there is significant statistical difference (P<0.005) of attenuation coefficient among parenchymal, benign and malignant tissues at all different temperatures under study.

Âssociation between billiary duct and bronchus is a rare finding. The etiology is defined as to be due to congenital pulmonary disease, history of trauma, particularly penetrating trauma, hepatic infectious disease such as, hydatid cyst. We had a case of bronchobiliary fistula secondary to hydatid cyst who had been under treatment for bronchitis for long term and finally due to dyspnea, with diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax was admitted in hospital. Final diagnosis was confirmed by ÇT SÇÂN of abdomen, thorax and fibrooptic bronchoscopy. The necessary treatment was taken by surgical incision of thorax.

Delayed intra cytoplasmic oocyte sperm injection (ÏÇSÏ) is referred to as using of delayed ÏÇSÏ method after failure of fertilization in ÏVF cycle. This method is proposed in old females due to poor quality of oocytes and as a result quality less chance of bertilization at ÏVF cycle. There are many reports on the success of the cycles after complete failure of fertilization. Ïn this method. Ïn this evaluation, three couples were under delayed ÏÇSÏ after fertilization failure in three cases, there was embryo developement and reached to the embryo transperring stage. Ïn two cases, were pregrant.