مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و سوم شماره 8 (پیاپی 109، آبان 1394)

The effect of final finishing and polishing time on the microleakage of composites restorations are not yet recognized. Therefore، this study aimed to evaluate the effect of final finishing and polishing time on microleakage of hybrid composite restorations. In this in-vitro study، 40 molar teeth of class 5 cavity (2mm occlusogingival×3mm mesiodistal×1. 5mm depth) were prepared at the buccal surface. The cavities were restored via Z250 composite and cured for 40 seconds by LED Valo. The cavities were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10) according to the polishing time (immidiate، polishing 15 minutes، 24hours and one week after restoration). The teeth were subjected to 500 thermal cycles and submerged in 2% fuchsin to evaluate rate of microleakage. After monting، the specimens were sectioned in half، that both halves were examined under a stereomicroscope. Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests were applied in order to analyze the study data (α=0. 05). Polishing time did not produce any effects on the microleakage in the dentine margin (Pvalue=0/56) and even enamel margin (Pvalue=0/12). The difference between microleakage rate of dentine margin and enamel margin was not demonstrated to be significant in regard with polishing immediately (Pvalue=0/26) and polishing after 15 minutes (Pvalue=0/53)، though polishing after 24 hours (Pvalue=0/03) and one week (Pvalue=0/00) was reported to make a significant difference between the both margins. Moreover، the rate of microleakage was observed less in the enamel margin. The study findings revealed that different polishing time does not have any effect on the microleakage rate of Z250 restorations in both dentine margin and enamel margin.

Mellitus Diabetes belongs to a group of metabolic diseases, which is caused due to the disturbance in insulin secretion, destruction of beta cells, auto immune reasons, necrosis as well as insulin resistance. Stem cells therapy has recently been suggested as a treatment method of Diabetes. Since adipose tissue-derived stem cells present wide availability, easy access, hight proliferation and less immunological rejection, the present study aimed to investigate their effect on the control of the blood glucose level. In this experimental-interventional study, adipose tissue-derived stem cells, harvested from the liposuction surgery were purified and after being counted by neubuaer lam, were evaluated via flow cytometry in order to identify and approve the existence of stem cells. Sixteen male wistar rats weighing about 250-300 gr, induced diabetes by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), which were divided randomly into two groups of eight. Group 1 (Diabetes control) received the normal saline treatment, and group 2 (treatment) received 1.5x106 adipose tissue-derived stem cells. In order to evaluate the improvement process, blood glucose level of rats was measured by glucometer every day for a period of 25 days after the tissues transaction. The results of flow cytometry indicated high percentages of CD29 and CD90 in mesenchymal adipose tissue-derived stem cells. The blood glucose level of diabetic rats revealed a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in blood glucose level in the rats treated with derived adipose tissue-derived stem cells in comparison with the control group. The findings of the present study revealed a signification decrease of blood glucose level after confirmation of stem cells isolated from the adipose tissue using cell surface antigens and its injection into diabetic rats (P <0.001).

Avian influenza viruses are considered as a serious threat to human and animal health. An increase in expression of proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFN genes, as well as host cell death responses contribute to the pathogenesis of influenza infection. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the growth dynamics of subacute avian influenza virus in human respiratory alveolar epithelium cells (A549). The A549 cell cultures were infected at MOIs 0.1 and 2.0 viral doses in the presence and absence of trypsin. The virus growth kinetics were elucidated by the plaque assay and the cell viability was determined by MTT at various times after the infection. The induction quality of programmed cell death as well as the signal transduction pathway of death were assessed by genomic DNA fragmentation and western blotting respectively. The study findings indicated that although the H9N2 virus replication did produce a marked cytopathic effect on the alveolar cells, which led to a reduction in the cell viability, the viral titers were increased in the infected cells. The virus replication of in these cells indicated repression of host defense mechanism as well as activation of cell death. The induction of apoptosis in A549 cells was correlated with the increased virus titers as well as virus replication (p< 0.05). H9N2 avian influenza virus were demonstrated to induce apoptosis in human alveolar epithelial cells via the intrinsic pathway in a dose-dependent manner.

Urinary tract infections(UTIs) are regarded as a serious health problem that affects millions of people per year. In fact, Escherchia coli causes about 75%-90% of UTIs. The wide usage of ciprofloxacin has led to an increase in the resistance to this bacterium. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluated frequency of qnrA and qnrB genes in E. coli strains isolated from UTIs at Imam Khomeini hospital in Estahban-Fars province. In this descriptive-analytic study, a total of 224 E. coli strains isolated from the urine samples of the patients suffering from urinary tract infection were collected at Estahban Imam Khomeini Hospital. The susceptibility testing for quinolons were performed by the disk diffusion method according to CLSI 2013 protocols. Moreover, the minimum inhibition concentration(MIC) of ciprfloxacin was determined by the E-test method. Multiplex PCR was carried out in order to evaluate the presence of qnrA and qnrB genes in the Cipro floxacin-resistant isolates applying the specific primers. Moreover, the study data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software (V.16). 224 isolates were obtained via applying MIC, out of which 88 (39.2%) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The resistance rates to quinolons were as follows: nalidixic acid(48.7%), ofloxacin(29%), norfloxacin (27.7%), levofloxacin (23.7%). Seventy three (32.6%) isolates carried qnrB gene, whereas qnrA gene was not observed in any samples. As the study results indicated, resistant genes to qnrB were seen in the E. coli isolates of urine samples. As a matter of fact, a significant correlation was detected between qnrB gene and resistance to ciprofloxacin (p< 0/05). Moreover, antimicrobial susceptibility tests are recommended to be performed before beginning the treatment due to the increased resistance of E. coli to beta-lactams.

Cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia and Bipolar I disorder seems to be different from the normal individuals, that these defects affect their treatment results. Therefore, this study aimed to compare executive function and behavioral inhibition within patients suffering from schizophrenia, bipolar type I as well as a normal group. In this descriptive-comparative study, out of all patients hospitalized in daily psychiatric clinic in Najafabad in 2014 due to these disorders, 20 schizophrenia and 20 bipolar type I as well as 20 normal individuals were selected via the convinience sampling. All the study participants completed the computerizing tests including Tower of London and Go-No Go. The study data were analyzed utilizing SPSS software (ver 22) via MANOVA. The study findings revealed a significant difference between the two patient groups and the normal group in regard with executive function and behavioral inhibition (p<0.05), whereas no differences were detected between schizophrenics and bipolar patient groups. Furthermore, patients suffering from schizophrenia and bipolar I mood disorder demonstrated significantly poor performance in cognitive function and behavioral inhibition compared to the normal group. The present study results can be significantly applied in pathology and therapy of these disorders, so as recognizing the inability of such patients can be effective in developing cognitive rehabilitation programs in these patients.

Carbapenemase genes have been spread among strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae that make them resistant to carbapenems. Hence, the present study aimed to study the prevalence of carbapenmase genes within K. pneumoniae isolates in Kermanshah medical centers. Sixty isolates of K. pneumoniae were collected and identified using API kit. Then, antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was determined using a disk diffusion method. The carbapenems-resistant isolates were screened for carbapenemases production using the Modified Hodge Test (MHT). The carbapenemase genes of blaVIM, blaIMP, KPC and blaNDM were detected by PCR test. Out of 60 isolates, 4 isolates were resistant to carbapenem antibiotics, but only one isolate was demonstrated to be positive for carbapenemases by MHT phenotypic testing. The gene of blaVIM was detected in three isolates by PCR, though other genes were not found in the isolates. Within the isolates, 6.67% and 100% were resistant to carbapenem and ampicillin, respectively. The study findings revealed that dissemination rate of carbapenemase genes was not reported to be high among isolates of K. pneumoniae in Kermanshah. Only blaVIM gene was probably more frequent than other tested genes. Since most isolates examined in this study were susceptible to carbapenem antibiotics, these antibiotics are still regarded as effective drugs against infections caused by K. pneumoniae.

Resistin, as a novel adipocytokine, is associated with type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to determine the effect of circuit resistance exercise training on plasma resistin concentration and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic men. In this applied experimental study, 24 type 2 diabetic men were selected and randomly assigned into two exercise (n = 15, aged 46.40 ± 3.02 yrs) and control (n = 12, aged 45.06 ± 3.86 yrs) groups. Exercise training was performed in eight weeks, 3 days a week with intensity corresponding to 30-70% 1RM. Before and after exercise, levels of plasma resistin, insulin, blood glucose, HBA1c and HOMA-IR after a 12-h fasting were measured. Following the second blood sampling, data analysis was performed using T-test which, p Value <0.05 was considered significant. The study findings demonstrated a significant differnce between the exercise and control groups (p≤0.05) in regard with plasma resistin (p≤0.002), insulin levels (p≤0.001), HOMA-IR (p≤0.001), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p≤0.001) and HBA1c (p≤0.038). It seems that circuit resistance exercise training can produce significant effects on plasma resistin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic men. Moreover, resistin level might be associated with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic men.

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders that affect social, economic and biological aspects of the human life. Many epileptic patients have uncontrolled seizures and medication-related side effects despite adequate pharmacological treatment. The use of plant extracts is proposed as a therapeutic modality in order to treat different diseases. Datura plant has long been used in the traditional medicine in regard with some nervous disorders like epilepsy. Thus, this study aimed to provide a scientific basis investigating the effect of Datura aqueous extract on PTZ-induced seizures in the male mice. In this experimental study, 40 male mice were randomly allocated into 5 equal groups including: one control group, one sham group and three experimental groups. The experimental groups received 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of aqueous extract of Datura Stramonium seed via gavage for 30 days, and the sham group received stilled water via gavage. Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ 35 mg/kg, i.p) were injected into control, sham and experimental groups 30 minutes after gavage in order to induce the seizure. Then latency time of seizure onset, seizure duration and seizure phases were measured and recorded in the experimental, sham and control groups. The data analysis was carried out via one way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests. Moreover, difference less than 0.05 (P<0.05) was considered significant. The study findings revealed that the aqueous extract of Datura Stramonium seed produced a significant effect on PTZ-induced seizure. In addition, Datura increases latency time of seizure onset (P˂0.01), inhibits progress of seizure stages (P˂0.05) and decreases seizure duration (P˂0.001). The results obtained from the present study indicated that extract of this plant has anticonvulsant effects on PTZ-induced seizure. As a result, it seems to be beneficial to the epilepsy treatment.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension in children has consequences such as right ventricular failure and even death. Recently, the use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors has been taken into account in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, among which tadalafil is more acceptable by parents and patients due to its single dose per day compared to sildenafil which should be taken 4 times a day. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of tadalafil on reducing pulmonary artery pressure in children and adolescents aged 5 months to 15 years old. This before and after type study entailed 20 patients of 5-month to 15-year with pulmonary arterial hypertension who had outpatient visits in Yazd Khatam-L-Anbiya clinic during 2013-2014. The participants were diagnosed by echocardiography, considering that they had not ever received any pulmonary arterial pressure lowering medicine up to now, whose congenital heart disease were inoperable. They were then treated using a single dose of oral tadalafil for 6 months. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software via t-test and Chi-square tests. Mean of pulmonary arterial pressure before and six months after taking tadalafil were 52.30 ± 7.948 mmHg and 33/55 ± 10/34 mmHg, respectively, which on average it was decreased by 18.75 mmHg(pv<0.0001). The mean of arterial oxygen saturation was reported %82.45 ± 7.14 and %86.25 ± 6.496 before and after taking tadalafil, respectively which was increased by 3.9% (pv<0.0001). The severity of tricuspid failure was reduced from moderate to mild level. No serious complication was observed leading to drug discontinuation in the patients’ follow-ups. The study findings revealed that tadalafil drug is effective on the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension within children and adolescents. Moreover, it can be used instead of sildenafil, due to its single dose per day.

Bleaching products with oxidizing mechanism can exert side effects on the restorative materials existing in the oral cavity. Since bleaching agents are applied in different concentrations, the present study aimed to compare the effect of different bleaching regims of carbamide peroxide on microhardness of Z250 microhybride composite. In this in vitro study, 32 specimens of micro hybride composite (Z250) were made which were randomly divided into 4 subgroups (n=8): G1: bleached with10% carbamide peroxide 4 hours a day for 2 weeks; G2: bleached with 16%carbamide peroxide 3 hours a day for 2 weeks; G3: bleached with 22%carbamide peroxide 1hour a day for 2 weeks; G4: the control subgroup stored in distilled water at 37◦c for 2 weeks. Microhardness of specimens was measured before and after bleaching using Vickers hardness testing machine. Moreover, the study data were analyzed statistically applying Anova and t-test (α= 0.05). This study findings revealed that using bleaching agent significantly decreased the microhardness of composite resin in the bleaching groups compared to the control group, though the concentration of carbamide peroxide produced no significant effect on the microhardness value. (p>0.13) Bleaching therapy can cause a reduction in microhardness of Z250 composite and different concentrations of carbamide peroxide can reduce microhardness of Z250 to the same value.