مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 6 (پیاپی 119، شهریور 1395)

Although nowadays the risk of transmission of bacterial pathogens through blood transfusion has been decreased, but there is the possibility of transmission of these factors by injection of these kind of products. The purpose of this survey was determination of contamination of platelet products with aerobic bacteria in Isfahan Blood Transfusion Center.
In the spring and summer of 2014, 2000 platelet product samples were examined randomly in 5 months for aerobic bacterial contamination. First, samples were cultured in fluid thioglycollate medium. The bacteria that were grown in this medium were identified by Gram staining and biochemical tests. Then, DNA was extracted from isolated bacteria and PCR was done for 16S rRNA gene. After that the PCR products were sequenced and the bacteria were recognized at the level of species.
At this research, 4 contaminated samples were identified. Isolated bacteria were including: Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 case, Staphylococcus aureus 1 case, Staphylococcus epidermidis 1 case and Staphylococcus haemolyticus 1 case. After sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, the homology was observed 97%, 83%, 99%, and 90% at theses bacteria, respectively.
According to the results of this research, platelet products may be contaminated with aerobic bacteria. Therefore, providing appropriate conditions in transfusion centers and other therapeutic centers for doing screening tests on platelet products to identifying bacterial contaminations before using of these products seems to be necessary.

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity is viewed as a major component of the emotion response in many recent theories of emotion. The aim of this study was to compare the cardiovascular reactivity in patients with cancer and normal subjects under the conditions of the induction of positive and negative emotions.
For this purpose, among the patients with cancer in Urmia and Kermanshah cities, a total of 40 individuals were invited to participate in the study in two groups of patients with cancer (n=20) and normal participants (n=20) using convenience sampling. Informed consent forms were obtained from the subject. Finally, in order to test the hypothesis and the goals of this study, participants in both groups were placed in positive and negative emotional experiences based on counter-balanced manner. After each emotion induction, cardiovascular responses (heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic) were recorded. To evaluate the results of the study, collected data were analyzed by using descriptive, univariate analysis of variance and dependent t test.
The results showed that there were significant differences between two groups in cardiovascular reactivity, so that the patients with cancer under emotional conditions, compared with healthy subjects had lower heart rate responses. But there was not found any significant difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, comparison within the groups with the patients with cancer showed that these patients under conditions of positive emotional response had higher diastolic blood pressure and heart rate.
It seems that emotional reactivity plays an important role in people's vulnerability for developing psychosomatic diseases, especially cancer.

Platelets and clotting factors dysfunction lead to hereditary hemorrhagic disease. In according to the importance of these diseases, the aim of this study was the evaluation of oral health and bleeding management of the patients with congenital bleeding disorders in Tehran city in 2015.
In this case-control study, 68 hemophilic patients as case group were compared with 50 healthy people as control group. These samples matched in according to age and gender. DMFT/S and GI index (caries index and gingival index) was recorded and bleeding management evaluated by the patient's medical records and interviews. Data analyzed using SPSS version 16 and the level of significant was considered p ≤0.05.
Patients group The mean of age in hemophilic patients was 12.54 ± 2.94 and in the control group was 12.50±3.1. DMFT, DMFS and GI index was higher in the health group. With increasing the age of the patients gingival inflammation index also increased significantly (p=0.001) so that 70% of individual with age higher than 15 had grade 3 gingival inflammation.
Patients and parents awareness about dental hygiene and regular dental visit is very important for caries prevention and reduction of DMFT/S and GI index and regular dental visits are essential for the patients.

Medicinal herbs are one of the most valuable Iranian National assets. Herbal essential oils have valuable therapeutic properties. Oxidation and volatile of essential oils caused some limitations in its usage. Nanoliposomes are nonometric lipid-based vesicles. Drug delivery carrier to improve delivery of therapeutic agent is one of the most well-known application of liposomal vesicles. In recent years, scientists paid much attention to encapsulate plant essential oil in nanocarriers. The goal of presented study was encapsulation of Trachyspermumcopticum in nanoliposomal carriers to improve the therapeutic functionality.
The essential oil of Trachyspermumcopticum was extracted by Clevenger instrument using hydrodistilation method and its components were determined with gas-mass chromatography. Small unilamellar lipid based vesicles containing Trachyspermumcopticum essential oil were prepared using thin film hydration method. Lipid phase were contained SPC 80, cholesterol and Trachyspermumcopticum essential oil. Nano-vesicles were evaluated by several analyses such as encapsulation efficiency, size, zeta potential, release kinetic profile and surface morphology.
Results showed that the encapsulation efficiency of entrapped essential oil was 35.6±7.4% and mean nano-liposome diameter was 186.1 nm. The prepared nano-vesicle led to controlled release profile.
In the present study, encapsulation of Trachyspermumcopticum essential oil into nano liposome was performed in order increasing stability, water- solubility and improving therapeutic index. The prepared formulation was slow-release, well-coating to preserve the essential oil against oxidation and increasing stability.

Saffron has some applications such as anti-spasmodic and analgesic effects in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti melanogenesis and antioxidant properties of crocin (one of the saffron active components) on B16F10 mouse melanoma cell line.
In this experimental study, B16F10 cells were prepared from Pasteur Institute (NCBI) and were grown in medium containing 10% FBS with 1% antibiotics at 37° C.Then, the cell viability was assessed, the inhibitory effect of crocin on melanogenesis was investigated by fungal tyrosinase,and tyrosinase activity assessment, melanin synthesis and cellular antioxidant capacity was evaluated after treatment with various concentrations of crocin (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 µg/ ml) by DCFDA assay. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software, one way ANOVA, Tukey test at p ≤0.05.
The data revealed no significant cytotoxicity of crocin(p>0.05) (concentrations of 1-16 µg/ ml) on B16F10 cells, in addition, fungal tyrosinase activity (***p≤ 0.001), intracellular tyrosinase activity (*p Our results elucidated that crocin was proposed as melanogenesis inhibitor in B16F10 cells, which can be considered as an effective whitening agent.

Cisplatin is a widely used anti-cancer drug, which its application is limited by nephrotoxicity. In this study, the effect of pretreatment with different l-arginine doses on Cisplatin-induced renal functional injury was investigated.
63 male rats were divided into 7 groups: In groups 3, 4, 5 and 6, 60 min before the Cisplatin injection (5mg/kg); L-Arginine with doses of 50,100,200 or 400mg/kg was injected, respectively. In group7, normal saline was injected before Cisplatin administration. In groups 1 and 2, normal saline was injected instead of Cisplatin. In group 2, 60min before normal saline injection, 400mg/kg L-Arginine was administered and in group1, instead of L-arginine, normal saline was injected too. Injections were intraperitoneal. 72h after Cisplatin injection, blood sampling and plasma separation were done. Urine sample was collected 24 hours before blood sampling by metabolic cage. The mean of plasma urea and creatinine levels and creatinine clearance (ml/day.kg) and fractional excretion of Na (FENa, %) were compared among different groups as renal functional parameters.
In comparison to group 7, L-arginine injection in a dose of 400mg/kg led to significant amelioration of all parameters. 200 mg/kg L-arginine administration led to significant decrease in plasma urea level and FENa. 100mg/kg L-arginine caused significant improvement in fractional excretion of sodium. L-arginine injection with 50mg/kg dose, significantly ameliorate all renal function tests instead of creatinine clearance.
Pretreatment with L-arginine administration with 400 or 50 mg/kg doses, respectively, had the highest effect on reducing Cisplatin-induced nephropathy. L-arginine injection with intermediate doses i.e. 200 or 100 mg/kg had less effect in reducing Cisplatin-induced nephropathy and it needs more investigations.

The prevalence of sleep disorders is different in international studies. Sleep disorders with the increasing prevalence among children is common. Cognitive problems are the most serious complication of sleep disorders in children. The present study, the prevalence of sleep problems and neuropsychological learning disabilities were evaluated on pre-school children (4-6 years old) in Isfahan in the year of (1393-1394).
This descriptive study was conducted on 350 pre-school children in 1393-1394. They have been selected for cluster sampling method. The sleep disturbances scale questionnaire for children (SDSC) and Conners neuropsychological questionnaire were given to the mothers of pre-school children.
The results showed 144 (41.14%) pre-school children were prone to sleep disturbances, out of 280 pre-school children, 92 people (32.85%) had neuropsychological learning disabilities, 31 children, disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (8.85%), 15 children, sleep disordered breathing (4.28%), 53 children, excessive sleepiness disorder (15.14%), 74 children, sleep wake disorders (21.14%), 32 children, 32 children, arousal disorder (9.14%), 43 children, sleep hyperhidrosis (12.28%), 62 children, attention problems (22.14%), 1 children, impaired sensory function (0.7%), 4 children, language dysfunction (1.42%), 7 children, general learning and memory impairment (2.5%), 14 children, executive dysfunction (6.42%).
The prevalence of sleep and attention problems could indicate the importance of sleep and attention problems, furthermore, it could be awareness as regards patterns of the healthy sleep and neuropsychological learning disabilities in order to enhance the awareness of parents and health care providers.

Chronic patient care causes some problems, including pressure or burden of care, reducing the time for routine activities and self care, also causes compatibility decline in deal with stress and disorders of physical and mental health, emotional, social and financial prosperity of caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of continuous care model on social health status of family caregivers in patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgeries.
This study was one-group clinical trial research, the samples consisted 48 family caregiver of the patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgeries, who were selected using purposive sampling method. Data collection tools included the standard questionnaire Data collection tool was Novak and Guest caring burden inventory (CBI) s as well as demographic questionnaire, which was measured at the baseline and 8 weeks after intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistic (paired t-test, and covariance analysis) with SPSS version 16.
The mean score of caring burden realated to the social health status before intervention was 3.86±6.11 and after intervention was 1.81±2.33. In examining five dimensions burden of care, continuous care model had an impact on all aspects of the caring burden and it led to the reduction of the burden of care in all aspects. So, it had a significant decrease in the social health status (p Implementation of continuous care model as the intervention of cheaper and available, can be an effective step inreducing the burden of care of the patients with coronary artery disease in health status of social.