مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 97، خرداد 1393)

Understanding the molecular mechanisms of metastasis is important for the design and effective use of novel therapeutic strategies in order to combat metastases. One class of molecules that has been implicated in metastasis is Rac1. Regarding complications of conventional therapies such as chemotherapy، current studies are evaluating natural compounds with anticancer Properties. Melittin is a natural compound derived from honey bee venom which has revealed amphipatic properties. Some studies have shown that melittin has an important role in reducing cancer cells metastasis by affecting Rac1 expression. Since the studies on melittin role in regard to Rac1 in gastric cancer cells are rare، the present study examined the effect of melittin on Rac1 protein expression in AGS gastric cancer cells. AGS cells، after growth and reaching to 80% density، were exposed to 0. 2، 0. 3، 0. 4 μg/ml concentrations of melittin (test groups) for six hours. Then cells were collected، lysed with lysis buffer and Rac1 protein was identified by Western blotting technique. Data were normalized with the β-Actin internal control and calculated as the relative percentage. The study data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software via One-Way Anova test. Comparison of Rac1 expression levels in AGS cancer cells showed that cells which were exposed to 6 hours of 0. 2μg/ml (109±5. 5)، 0. 3 (105±3. 6) melittin had higher Rac1 expression percentages compared to the control (100) and 0. 4 (100±2). Rac1 expression percentages were not significant with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% (P>0. 05). In this study the results demonstrated that melittin does not have any effect on Rac1 in gastric cancer cells (AGS).

To conduct a successful endodontic treatment، one needs to identify، clean and completely obturate the whole root canals. One important reason of reduction in success of endodontic treatment in maxillary molars is failure in identification and treatment of second mesiobuccal canal. Therefore، the present study intended to analyze the anatomy of mesiobuccal root of first maxillary molar in terms of the presence or absence of second mesiobuccal canal by using CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) technique. In this analytical study، 30 extracted maxillary first permanent molars were collected and placed in a solution of 5/25% sodium hypochlorite for 24 hours. Then each tooth was individually mounted in plastic cylinder using modeling wax. The cylinders were divided into 6 groups of 5 samples. The samples of each group were placed in CBCT machine in the form of a U to operate the imaging procedure. The images were analysed by an experienced observer (oral and maxillofacial radiologist). Percentage analysis was done for this study. Assessment by CBCT revealed presence of second mesiobuccal canal in 60% of samples، out of which in 55. 55% the second mesiobuccal canal was in coronal 3rd، in 33. 33% in middle 3rd and in 11. 11% was in apical 3rd. According to this study، it can be concluded that in more than half of mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars، there are two canals and CBCT scans could be helpful in finding additional canals in maxillary first molars، and thus could contribute to higher successes in endodontic treatment.

Chemerin is a new Adipokine which is dependent on autocrine and paracrine signals for the differentiation and maturation of fat cells; it also regulates glucose uptake in fat cells and stimulates lipolysis. Therefore، the present study aimed to investigate the effect of two kinds of anaerobic and aerobic exercise programs on changes of chemerin levels in female Sprague Dawley rats.

In this study، 55 rats were randomly divided into two experimental (aerobic and anaerobic) and pre-test groups. Based on the training program، the experimental group rats did aerobic and anaerobic exercises for eight weeks. Dependent t-test was used to investigate the effect of exercise on chemerin levels and independent T-test was utilized in order to determine significant differences among changes of chemerin level in the experimental group.

The results showed that there was a significant difference in chemerin levels after eight weeks of aerobic exercise (p=0/0001)، while no significant difference was observed in the anaerobic group (p=0/11). Furthermore، there was also a significant difference between the amount of chemerin plasma levels in the aerobic and anaerobic groups (p=0/0001).

It was found that chemerin levels are influenced by activities of endurance types. Regarding the same period of time for both exercises (8 weeks)، it may be stated that the duration of each training session (starting from 15 minutes and continued for 60 minutes in aerobic exercises) is a significant factor in changing the production of this hormone.

Effect of drying time and temperature of solvent evaporation were different in different studies. Therefore، the aim of this study was to investigate the appropriate drying temperature and time of solvent evaporation in the two adhesives of Etch and Rinse. Seventy-two sound third molars were collected. On the buccal surface of the crown، flat dentinal surfaces were created and bonded with two step Etch and Rinse adhesives: Adper single bond2 (ethanol/water-based) and Prime and Bond2. 1 (acetone-based). Solvents were evaporated for 2s، 5s or 10s at either 21℃ or 37℃ prior to light activation (10s) and composite buildups were constructed incrementally. After storage in 37℃ water for 24 hours، the specimens were prepared for microtensile bond strength and were tested at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Moreover، the study data were analyzed via T-test as well as one-way ANOVA and three-way ANOVA. The Prime and Bond2. 01 group had significantly higher bond strength compared to Adper single bond group (p=0. 00). The temperature of solvent evaporation from 2s to 5s in Prime and Bond 2. 01 demonstrated upper results. Temperature of solvent evaporation did not affect the microtensile bond strength of both adhesive. Temperature of air for evaporation of solvent did not affect microtensile bond strength. In addition، the study results indicated that the effect of time in two groups was different.

The traditional Milligan-Morgan and the Ferguson operations are still the most used for patients with symptomatic haemorrhoids of III and IV degrees. Nowadays LigaSure is used as a new technique to decrease the complications resulting from conventional hemorroidectomy. In this study، patients were investigated on the basis of the following main outcomes: mean operative time، postoperative pain (score and duration)، bleeding loss in operation، early (within the first month after surgery) and late (after the first month) complications in conventional as well as LigaSure hemorroidectomy. it is an analytical study conducted on 101 patients aged 19–80 years old of both males and females with III and IV-degree hemorrhoids who had been gone to Shahid Sadoughi hospital between 2011 and 2012. Forty-three patients were treated by conventional diathermy and fifty -eight by LigaSure. Patients received analgesic administration for about 24 hours after operations and، after hospital discharge. In fact، analgesia was administered until 5 days (three times a day). All patients were required to record pain from the first postoperative day until the 28th postoperative day on a self-administered NAS scale (0–10). Patients completed a questionnaire face to face one week، one month، six، and twelve months after the operation. The mean operative time، bleeding loss in operation and return to work were significantly shorter in LS group، whereas there were no difference in hospital stay period، anal stenosis، healing time of wound and retention of urinary. A statistically significant difference in pain score was observed three and four days after the operation. Finally، patients with LigaSure haemorrhoidectomy recovered from pain earlier than those with conventional diathermy. although LigaSure proposes additional costs، it is an effective instrument in order to treat hemorrhoids of III and IV degrees.

Several studies suggest that lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] act as acute phase reactant and is associated with early atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Thus، the purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of serum LP (a) and its association with inflammatory markers in RA patients compared to healthy individuals. The study participants consisted of 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 100 healthy controls. The concentration of LP (a)، RF،CRP was measured using Immunoturbidometric method. Average of lipoprotein - a in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was 32. 41 ± 2. 33 SDmg/dl which was significantly higher than the control group with a mean concentration of 20. 50 ± 1. 03 SD mg/ dl (P=. 001). The results showed that patient''s serum lipoproteins – a concentrations was higher significantly in women with rheumatoid arthritis (34. 63 ± 25. 020mg/dl) than women in the control group (20. 60 ± 10. 56 mg/dl) (P = 0. 001). However، no significant difference was observed between the mean serum LP (a) concentrations in male patients and the control (p = 0. 304). CRP mean was 4. 05 ±2. 04 SDmg/dl and 17. 87±1. 48 SD mg/dl respectively in control and patient groups. Furthermore، RF mean in control and patient groups was 9. 11±2. 33SDmg/dl and 15. 42 ± 8. 64SD mg/dl respectively. The female patients'' serum LP (a) concentration was higher significantly than females in the control group. Therefore، it can be concluded that increased concentration of lipoprotein - a may be associated with the patient''s sex.

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe disabling psychiatric affliction with a strong impact on life quality. This study was planned to investigate the effectiveness of meta-cognitive therapy on decreasing of thought-fusion beliefs in patients with washing type of obsessive- compulsive disorder. A single case study with multiple baselines was implemented. The study sample consisted of three subjects who were OCD patients (washers)، chosen from private clients of counseling centers of Hamedan city (Iran). They had been registered from Spring of 2013، and were selected via purposeful sampling. In fact، the patients received 10 sessions of meta-cognitive therapy. Thought Fusion Instrument (TFI) was used to determine the baseline in the first step. This questionnaire was also completed in sessions of 2، 4، 6، 8، as well as the end of treatment. Visual analysis and percentage of improvement were used in order to analyze the data via SPSS 18 software. Moreover، descriptive statistics، ANOVA with repeated measure، and paired T- test were used. statistically significant clinical developments were found in improving thought-fusion beliefs after treatment. Moreover، at the 3-month follow-up، the attained improvements during treatment were retained. The study results confirmed the role of meta-cognitive therapy in decreasing thought-fusion beliefs in patients with washing type of obsessive- compulsive disorder.

Migraine is a common familial disease and is diagnosed with recurring throbbing headache. Investigation of biological and psychological factors in the initiation and aggravation of migraine headaches have shown that there is a relationship between the psychological factors، personality، and migraine headache. Therefore، this study aimed to compare the conceived stress and Personality traits between ill persons suffering from Migraine and healthy people. This is an analytical cross-sectional study which involves a sample including 30 migrainours and 30 healthy people. The migraine-suffering participants were chosen among the people who referred to specialized clinic of migraine in Ardabil in the first half of 2012. The study participants filled the Eysenck''s personality questionnaire and Kohen'' s Perceived stress scale. Descriptive statistics as well as MANOVA were utilized to analyze the research data. The results showed that migraine-suffering participants conceived the stress negatively (P<0. 01، F=11) compared to healthy participants. Moreover، migrainours scored significantly higher in regard to Neuroticism score compared to healthy people (P<0. 05، F=5. 91). Also، there was a significant difference between migrainours and healthy people in their extroversion score (P<0. 05، F=6. 57). According to the study findings، it appears that migraine patients are more vulnerable to the neurotic disease. Therefore، considering the psychological and personality characteristics may impact on the prognosis of disease.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide that has been used abundantly over the globe during the past 40 years. Chemical pesticides may induce oxidative stress via generating free radicals and altering antioxidant levels of the free radical scavenging enzyme activity. Therefore، this study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in the plasma samples of Wistar rat. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were selected randomly which were assigned to 2 equal groups، e. g. control and test. The control group received corn oil as the solvent، and the experimental group received 16. 5mg/kg/day of CPF (4mg/ml) orally via a stomach tube for four weeks. Plasma samples were taken on 1st، 7th، 14th، 21st، and 28th days، at a specific time. Catalase (CAT)، superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and also levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were determined. The oral administration of CPF could induce symptoms such as tremors، hair erection، weakness، diarrhea and asthma on Day 7 and onward. The data analysis of plasma samples showed significant (P<0. 001) decrease in the levels of glutathione and CAT enzymatic activity and a significant increase in SOD enzymatic activity and the MDA level. CPF could induce oxidative stress probably via production of free radicals as was evident by reduction of GSH level and CAT activity accompanied by increase in the activity of SOD and enhancement in the level of MDA in plasma samples. This necessitates the application of antioxidants when having exposure with OP pesticides.

Nowadays Heparin is used in hemodialysis set for anticoagulation by different methods. Each of these methods will increase the rate of mortality by clot formation. This clinical trial study intended to investigate the effect of three heparinization methods of hemodialysis set on coagulation condition and dialysis efficacy.

Twenty five hemodialysis patients with bp normal PTT were selected randomly and underwent three methods of anticoagulation. In the first method after priming by 5000u heparin، 200cc normal saline was infused into hemodialysis set two times. In the second method، 2000u bolus and 1000u/hr were injected at the beginning of the fourth hour. In the third method، 2500u bolus and two hours later 2500u were injected. Clot formation was evaluated at the end of the hemodialysis session visually and the efficacy of dialysis and PTT were calculated by URR،KT/V formula. The study data were analyzed via SPSS using Wilcoxon tests.

The results revealed that clot formation in the first method was significantly higher than the second and third methods (p-value=0) and in the third method، it was also more than the second method (p-value=0). Moreover، the standard PTT in the first method was more than the second method (p-value=0). Dialysis efficacy in the second method was higher than the first method (p-value=0. 002).

The probability of clot formation in the second method of heparinization is less than the other methods. Dialysis efficacy in this method is also higher than the other methods. Thus، the second method is recommended.

One of the challenges facing ovarian transplantation is overcoming the ischemia/ reperfusion injury. When blood supply to the implanted tissue is suboptimal (immediate post implant period)، ultrasound therapy has been shown to increase mass transport. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound on heterotopic transplantation of mouse ovarian tissue.

Adult female NMRI mice were selected and divided into the control، sham and experimental groups. In the experimental group، left ovarian tissue، after auto transplantation into the back muscle، underwent ultrasound exposure with intensity of 0. 3 w/cm2، frequency of 3MHz & pulse mode of 1:4، for five minutes daily. The transplanted ovaries were removed and immediately fixed for histological study. Furthermore، rate of angiogenesis was assessed by immunohistochemistry Cd31 test.

The study results showed that the CD31 angiogenic factor was expressed more in the irradiated animals than in control group animals and ultrasound-therapy resulted in better follicular preservation.

The ultrasound therapy can improve preservation of ovarian follicle. This is probably due to acceleration of angiogenesis and increase in production of growth factors by low intensity pulse ultrasound.

When a new scale is designed، it is expected that by following the development processes، extensive information can be obtained regarding the scale assessment. The main aim of this study was to design a valid and reliable scale proportionate to the culture of the employees surveyed، in order to identify and measure the improvements of infection-control criterion for Hepatitis B virus. In this cross-sectional study، data collection instruments involved designing and assessing the reliability and validity. The study sample was of cluster type involving the health care workers of 19 health centers and 16 Health sites. For Questionnaire designing، first، a list of 50 questions was prepared. Moreover، to assess the validity، the internal consistency and reproducibility، the methods content validity ratio (CVR)، content validity index (CVI)، test-retest reliability and alpha Cronbach coefficient were utilized respectively. 5 items were rejected due to poor content validity. Content validity index was higher than 0. 80. The alpha Cronbach coefficient for the total scale was 83% and for subcategories، it was between 0. 81 to 0. 86. The factor weight extracted from exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire، was 74% shared variance. As a result، the final questionnaire is reliable and repeatable (ICC= 0. 896 and P <0. 001) According to the study findings، the improvement Questionnaire of infection-control criterion for Hepatitis B virus is proper and usable in the research activities.

The current study aims to examine the effectiveness of combined therapy of spiritual- cognitive group therapy on decreasing the death anxiety of patients with cancer who referred to cancer treatment centers of Kerman in 2012. To this aim after a clinical interview، 26 patients with cancer، referred to treatment centers، were selected using convenient sampling method. The study participants were randomly divided into two groups of control and experimental، each including 13 patients. Then، all 26 patients were scrutinized by Templar''s death anxiety questionnaire. The experimental group participated in eleven 2-hour sessions of spiritual-cognitive group therapy; however، the control group received no intervention therapy. At the end، a post-test was conducted on all individuals in the sample group (26 patients). After collecting the questionnaires، the gathered data was analyzed applying SPSS software along with covariance analysis (ANCOVA). The study results indicated that the combined therapy of spiritual- cognitive group therapy was significantly effective (p≤0/001) in reducing death anxiety of patients with cancer. The combined therapy of spiritual-cognitive group therapy can decrease the death anxiety in patients with cancer.

The isolated perfused rat liver is an accepted method in toxicology studies. The isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) is a useful experimental system for evaluating hepatic function without the influence of other organ systems، undefined plasma constituents، and neural-hormonal effects. The untreated male rats (180-220gr body weight) were anesthetised with ether and then surgery with proper method. The abdomen was opened through a midline and one transversal incision and the bile duct was cannulated. Heparin sodium solution (0. 5 ml; 500 U/ml in 0. 9% NaCl) was injected via the abdominal vena cava to prevent blood clotting. The liver inferior venacava was cannulated with PE-10 tubing and secured. The portal vein was immediately cannulated with an 23gr catheter which was secured and then liver was perfused in situ by Krebs- Henseleit buffer (pH 7. 4; saturated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2; 37°C) at a flow rate of 20 ml/min for 3hr. Temperature، perfusion pressure، flow rate and perfusion fluid pH were closely monitored during the perfusion. Transferase enzymes (ALT، AST) alterations can be widely used as a measure of biochemical alterations in order to assess liver damage due to use of drugs such as isoniazid (INH) and animal and plant toxins. Accumulated material in gallbladder are valuable samples to assess the level of Glutathione (GSH). Sections of perfused liver tissue can also be effectively analyzed for pathological aspects such as necrosis، fibrosis، cellularity. The isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) is a useful and Sutible experimental system for evaluating hepatic function. In this system، the effects of adjacent organs، on the liver is minimized.

Brucellosis is a zoonosis disease، which is endemic in Iran. One of the provinces with high prevalence of this disease is Lorestan province. Osteoarticular involvement is the most common complication of Brucellosis. In a review of related studies، cellulitis-osteomyelitis and avascular necrosis have been reported scarcely as Brucellosis complications which are described in these two cases involving a 10-year as well as a middle-aged patient