مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و سوم شماره 12 (پیاپی 113، اسفند 1394)

Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) is a well-known hemolytic compound inducing intoxication in erythrocytes. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of royal jelly and vitamin C against phenylhydrazine-induced damages in mouse testicles.
In this study, 64 adult male mice were randomly and equally assigned to eight groups. The first group received normal saline (0.1ml) intraperitoneally. The second group received PHZ (6 mg/100 gr) intraperitoneally in 48-hour intervals. The third group received vitamin C (250 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally perday a long with PHZ. The fourth group received royal jelly (100 mg/kg/day) through gavage. The fifth group received PHZ along with vitamin C and royal jelly in similar doses to the previous groups. The sixth group received only vitamin C, the seventh group recieved only royal jelly, and finally the eighth group received similar doses of vitamin C and royal jelly. After 35 days, serum and tissue samples were taken and used for histochemical (Mallory-Azan, Alkaline phosphatase, Oil red-O and PAS), and serum analyses (Testosterone, LH, FSH).
The study results revealed the histochemical changes in testicular tissue of the phenylhydrazine group, in which vitamin C and royal jelly partly improved the changes. Furthermore, serum analyses demonstrated a significant decrease in testosterone, FSH and LH levels, which this decrease was diminished by royal jelly and vitamin C.
Royal jelly and vitamin C seem to have the potential to decrease serum and tissue damages induced by phenylhydrazine via restraining free radicals.

Amoxicillin is one of the most important groups of pharmaceuticals that benefits humans and animals. However, antibiotics excertion in wastewaters and environment have emerged as a serious risk to the biotic environment, and their toxic effects can harm the organisms. Iron-based metallic nanoparticles have received special attention in regard with remediation of groundwater contaminants. In the typical nZVI-based bimetallic particle system, Fe acts as the reducing agent. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the synthesis and characteristics of nZVI in regard with degrading AMX.
In this study, nZVI nanoparticles were synthesized using the liquid-phase reduction method by EDTA as a stabilizer material. Structure and properties of nanoparticles were characterized by BET, SEM, XRD and EDX analysis. A multi-variate analysis was applied using a response surface methodology (RSM) in order to develop a quadratic model as a functional relationship between AMX removal efficiency and independent variables ( initial pH values, dosage of nZVI, contact time and amoxicillin concentration). The four independent variables of solution pH (2–10), AMX concentration (5-45mg/l), contact time (5-85 min) and nanoparticles dose (0.25 – 1.25 g) were transformed to the coded values.
The study results demonstrated that more than 69 % of AMX was removed by nZVI. The optimal AMX removal conditions using nZVI were found as 1.25 g of nZVI, pH 4, contact time of 80 min and concentration of 30 mg/l.
The ability of nZVI in degradation of AMX revealed that these materials can serve as a potential nano material with respect to the environmental remediation.

Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal drug which mainly treats breast cancer. It is also applied for stimulation of ovulation and remedy of infertility. Regarding the tamoxifen binding to estrogen receptors and the possible role of estrogens in spermatogenesis, the present study aimed to histologically evaluate spermatogenesis in the seminiferous ducts of mice, whose mothers had received tamoxifen during pregnancy.
In the present study, 30 female and 15 male mice of NMRI race were selected for mating. Since 13th day of pregnancy, the experimental group received tamoxifen with the dosage of 5 mg/kg intra-peritoneally for 7 days, wherease the control group received normal saline. After childbirth of the mated mice, male infants were selected and monitored in the standard laboratory conditions. After reaching the age of puberty (6-8Weeks), adult mice were sacrificed by the cervical dislocation, and the testes were removed for histological evaluation of spermatogenesis. After routine histological processing, the samples were studied by the light microscope.
Histological studies showed that spermatogenic and Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules in control and experimental groups were significantly different, though no difference was observed in the number of Leydig cells in the both groups.
The findings of the present study showed that tamoxifen exposure during development can cause histological changes in the seminiferous tubules, which can lead to infertility in the male rat.

Ovarian cancer is one of the common malignancies within women and the fifth cause of cancer death in women all over the world. Recent developments in Genomics and Proteomics technologies have led to the identification of unknown candidate markers for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has recently been supported to monitor the recurrence or the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the expression of HE4 in women suffering from ovarian cancer.
In this study, 20 paraffin-embedded tissue samples from women with ovarian cancer and 10 normal samples were collected from Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. After removing paraffin, RNA extraction was performed with RNAPlus solution. cDNA was synthesized through reverse transcription by MMULV enzyme. Gene expression was measured by Relative Real time PCR method. Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH) was used as an internal control.
The HE4 was expressed in normal and cancerous tissues, though its expression was observed more in tumor tissues (4.083) than noncancerous tissues. The study results also revealed that the expression level of HE4 increased with the advancement of the disease.
According to the results, it can be concluded that HE4 expression levels greatly increases in tumor samples. Therefore, HE4 gene expression measurements can serve as a valuable prognostic factor for early detection and treatment management of the disease.

Intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcioma of the jaw is cosidered as a rare primary central tumor wich rarely occurs within children.
A 12-year-old girl, referred to the dentistry school of Yazd, participated in this study, who complained of swelling in right posterior region of maxilla. She did not have any pain, paraesthesia, and tenderness. Moreover, cervical lymphadenopathy was absent. Intraoral examinations revealed buccal and palatal expansion without ulcer and in color of mucosa, which extended from 14 to 18 region in the right side of the maxilla and palatal tilt in theeth 14, 15, 16. On radiographic examination, CT scan showed destruction of medial wall and inferior border of maxillary sinus, hard palate and buccal cortical plate. Histopathological features confirmed mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Right partial hemimaxillectomy was performed as the treatment option.
Pathogenesis of these tumors is still unrecognized. Neoplastic transformation of the epithelial lining of maxillary sinus or minor salivary gland can cause intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
As the study findings revealed, due to invasive process of these tumors specifically in maxilla, early diagnosis and radical resection play an important role in regard with eradication of this tumor as well as improvement of such patients, and their survival rate.

Salivary gland tumors are uncommon within children and when they do arise, they mainly affect the major salivary glands. Minor salivary gland tumors are rare in children, which are responsible for less than 10% of all the cases. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common tumor of the salivary glands in the all ages. A 10-year-old boy referred to the dentistry clinic with a swelling in the palate of adjacent unerupted right maxillary second molar. In sampling by curettage, clinical pathologist reported ameloblastoma. The patient was referred to the dental school of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences for consultation. Second microscopic analysis showed a benign pleomorphic adenoma that was confirmed by special staining periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), immunohistochemistry cytokeratin(CK), and S100 staining. Pleomorphic adenoma of minor salivary gland of children should be considered as a differential diagnosis of intraoral swelling in the palate.

Neonatal jaundice is regarded as a common problem in newborns observed in 60% of term and80% of preterm neonates. Maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy may directly influence the mothers’ health, incidence of pregnancy-related complaints, fetal development as well as risks during pregnancy. Maternal nutrition has been traditionally held to produce an effect on neonatal jaundice and it is a deep-rooted belief that hot natured food can increase the rise of bilirubin in neonates. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the neonatal bilirubin level based on the mother ̕s nutrition via hot and cold nutured foods.
In this cross- sectional study, conducted in Hafez hospital of Shiraz in 2013, 180 mothers were studied considering inclusion and exclusion criteria via applying food frequency questionnaire and data collecting forms. Serum bilirubin level was measured and hemolytic tests were performed for neonates. The collected data were analyzed by non-parametric tests, repeated measurments and spearman correlation using SPSS Software (ver, 15).
There was no significant relationship between the mean level of bilirubin on 5th day with hot and cold natured foods. However, a direct significant correlation was observed in regard with some foods.
The study findings revealed that, contrary to the common belief, hot natured foods are not the only cause of elevated bilirubin level in neonates, though, some foods may elevate the bilirubin level by reduced bowel movements followed by an increase in enterohepatic cycle.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic and complex metabolic diseases of human , which hyperglycemia can be mentioned as its prominent characteristic. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of fruit of Rosa canina (R.c.) extract in healthy and diabetic rats.
A total of 72 Wistar male rats were divided into six group: control, STZ (diabetic) control, R.c. control (50 mg/kg), R.c. control (100 mg/kg) and two experimental groups with 50, and 100 mg/kg of extract dose. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocine (60 mg/kg; IP), and blood collection was carried out on 0, 2 and 4 hours after the oral administration of the extracts.
The levels of plasma glucose were determined by spectrophotometric method. In order to statistically analyze the study data, ANOVA test was performed. There was a significant difference between groups concerning the plasma glucose concentration (P R.c. extract in hyperglycemic status demands to be further studied in order to control and prevent its complications.

Chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis is regarded as a painful and discomforting chemotherapy complication , affecting patient’s quality of life and endurance to continue the treatment. Hence, treatment of mucositis is of great significance. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Baremoom mouthwash in treatment of chemotherapy-induced mucositis .
This interventional double-blinded randomized clinical trial study was performed on 40 adult patients under chemotherapy in blood and oncology department of Shahid Sadouqhi hospital. The total of 40 patients were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental baremoom group and a control placebo group each containing 20 subjects. Baremoom mouthwash (30% extract, Soren Tektoos, Mashhad) and placebo mouthwash ( Sterile water with allowable additives ,Soren Tektoos, Mashhad ) with same apparent properties were given to the patients (3 times a day) for 7 days after mucositis detection. The patients were evaluated in regard with mucositis grade (0-4 WHO) and wounds extension on 1th , 3th and 7th days after the study begining. In order to statistically analyze the collected data, Freidman, Mann–Whitney, and wilcoxon W tests were applied utilizing SPSS software (ver, 17).
On 3rd and 7th days, mean degree of wound extension and mucositis were demonstrated to be significantly different between the two groups. According to Friedman test, both experimental and control groups revealed a significant difference in regard with wound extension and mucositis grade within the three time periods.
The study findings indicated that Baremoom mouthwash was more effective in chemotherapy- induced mucositis than placebo. Hence, this agent can be recommended as an appropriate medicine in order to eliminate mucositis symtoms and decrease oral ulcers.

Obesity is a metabolic disorder that is caused by increased energy intake and reduced energy expenditure. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on Irisin serum levels and lipid profile of overweight male students.
In this quasi-experimental study, 24 overweight male students (age: 21.13±1.88 years and BMI: 25-29.9 kg/m2) were selected by purposeful and convenience sampling method, who were randomly assigned into control (n=12) and experimental (n=12) groups. The program involved training with 60-80 HRmax% for 3 sessions per week, 40-50 minutes per session lasting for 8 consecutive weeks. The control group, simultanonsly, continued their daily activities and did not participate in the aerobic exercise. Irisin serum levels and lipid profile of all subjects were measured before and after the training period. To make intra and intergroup comparisons, repeated measure analysis of variance was used, and the level of significance was set at P Eight weeks of aerobic exercise led to a significant increase of Vo2max and HDL-C levels (P0.05).
Aerobic training, without making any changes in Irisin levels, can produce a positive effect on the increase of VO2max, improvement of body composition and decrease of lipid risk factors.