مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 114، فروردین 1395)

There are problems such as treatment failure, drug resistance, heavy costs and other problems related to cancer treatment, which cause the plants to attract the interest of many researchers, because they have fewer side effects than chemical drugs. Studies have shown that Nigella Sativa has anticancer effects but the molecular mechanism of cell death of cancer cells is not clear. So the present study aimed to explore the effect of Nigella Sativa on the viability of MCF7 breast cancer cell line.
In this study, MCF7 cells were treated with different concentrations of hydro alcoholic extracts of Nigella sativa (0, 200, 400 µg/mL) for 24, 48 and 72 h. Effect of extract on cell viability and caspase-3 gene expression were analyzed by trypan blue staining and Real time PCR, respectively.
The results revealed that cell viability significantly decreased in a dose and time dependent manner compare to the control (p It seems that Nigella sativa caused cell death by increasing of caspase-3 gene expression

Geographic and fissured tongues are the most common disorders of tongue. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of this disorder in the female students of Yazd in 2013.
This analytic cross-sectional study was carried out applying observational technique, interview, and the information application form. In this study, 1230 students were selected via random cluster sampling including: 416 primary school students, 400 middle school students and 414 high school female students. Ultimately, the study were analyzed data spss via software (Ver. 20) applying Fisher exact,Logistic Regression, Chi-squared test and T- test.
In general, the particular tongue disorders were observed in 320 samples (26%), among which 42 (3.4%) had only geographic tongue, 240(19.5%) had only fissured tongue and 38 (3.1%) had both of them. The results of multivariate logistic regression indicated that history of allergy (OR:16.83. P-value 0 The inspected tongue disorders within female students of Yazd were demonstrated to be highly prevalent. The results of the present study revealed a relationship between these two inspected disorders within the females. Furthermore, a significant relationship was observed between geographic and fissured tongues with the allergy history and drug consumption or systematic diseases.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder, which has a high prevalence within preschool children. Since conflicting results have been reported in previous studies regarding DMFT in asthmatic children, the current study aimed to compare DMFT in asthmatic and non-asthmatic children.
The present study was carried out on 46 (6-12 years old) asthmatic children and 47 matched healthy controls. In asthmatic children, severity of disease, type and dose of inhaler, duration and frequency of medication, inhaler use technique and mouth cleaning were examined after using the spray. In addition, DMF, plaque index and gingival inflammation were evaluated in both groups.The collected data were analyzed via SPSS Software (ver. 22) applying Mann-Whitney, Chi-Square and Logistic regression.
No significant difference was observed in regard with DMFT score in the two case and control groups (p.value=0.804). Although the study results showed that severity of asthma (p.value=0.007) and inhaler use technique (p.value=0.002)can have significant effects on dental caries, no significant relationship was detected between type and dose of spray, duration and frequency of usage as well as DMFT.
As the study results indicated, DMFT index revealed no significant difference in asthmatic children in comarison with the healthy children. Therefore, improving the existing dental services and performing oral education, prevention and treatment programs in regard with oral health of children seem to be neccessitated in the future.

Carotid Endarterectomy (CE) can be mentioned as a valuable theraputic method for primary and secondary prevention of stroke, provided it can be performed in vascular surgery centers with a low surgical risk. Thus, the present study aimed to assess prognosis of CE in high risk patients of an Iranian vascular surgery center.
This prospective observational study consisted of 50 high risk CE patients during 2011-14 in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All the high risk CE were performed by a vascular surgeon and a surgical carotid shunt was placed in each CE. Neurologic evaluation was performed before CE and serial neurologic axamination was done after CE by a neurologist. Surgical complications including stroke, death and lower cranial nerve palsy were recorded for 30 days after operation.
The study results revealed that 80% of high risk CE patients had symptomatic carotid stenosis on the operation side and 80% had carotid stenosis contralateral to the operation side. Thirteen high risk CE were performed simultaneously with coronary artery by pass graft and 24 patients were demonstrated to have diabetes. Post surgical death and stroke in the high risk CE patients were reported 2% and 4%, respectively. Lower cranial nerve palsy appeared in 2% of patients.
The 6% post operative stroke and death rate in the high risk CE patients are comparable to best vascular surgery centers in Europe and North America.

The emotional schema model emphasises on mind rumination and other emotional schemas in depression. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy (EST) on severity of depression and rumination in people with major depression disorder.
This was a randomized controlled trial study using pre-test and post-test-follow up with the control group. Among all patients with major depressive disorder visited in Imam Hossein hospital and Rahyar clinic of Tehran, 32 patients were selected through inclusion or exclusion criteria and convenience sampling then they were randomly assigned into two equal groups; experimental (16 persons) and control (16 persons). Experimental group experienced 14 weeks of emotional schema therapy, while the control grouprecieved no treatment intervention. Revised Beck depression inventory (BDI-II) and ruminative response scale (RRS) were used in base lines, post-test and follow up as the assessment instruments. Data were analyzed by mixed analysis of variance via SPSS19 software.
The results of this research showed that the means of depression and rumination in the experimental group were reduced significantly in comparison with the control group in post-test and follow up (P The study findings proposed that Emotional Schema Therapy can be used as an effective intervention in order to reduce the depression and mind rumination in people with major depressive disorder.

Adipocytokine including chemerin and visfatin have a key role in metabolic regulations, as well as obesity-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the 12-week exercise training on changes in levels of visfatin and chemerin in obese women with type 2 diabetes.
In this study, 30 overweight women with the age range of 45-60 years old were selected and ther were divided into the control group (n = 15), and the experimental group (n = 15) which had no significant differences based on the body fat percentage and the body mass index. Exercise program consisted of increasing aerobic exercise three times were for 12 weeks. To measure Chemerin and Visfatin, blood samples before and 24 hours after the last training session were collected. Data evaluation was performed using ANCOVA to compare the pre-test and post-test in each group.
According to the obtained results, there was no significant difference between weight, body mass index, lean body weight, fat mass and fat percentage, but the chemerin levels have been increased significantly (p=0.0001) and also visfatin and glucose levels have been decreased (respectively p=0.0001 and p=0.001).
Aerobic activities are a stimulating factor for increasing in the chemerin hormone and also a stimulating factor for decreasing in the Visfatin hormone. It could be said that regular aerobic activities in 12 weeks are a good stimulating factor for creating changes in these hormones in women with diabetes and it is probably one of the contributing factors of physiologic changes resulted from these exercise activities is changes in these hormones.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of six weeks of endurance training and aloe vera consumption on COX-2 and MMP-9 levels in mice with breast cancer.
This is an experimental study. 35 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control (healthy), control (cancer), training (cancer), aloe vera (cancer) and aloe vera training (cancer). Induction of breast cancer tumors were done in mice by implantation method. The training groups performed a swimming endurance training for 6 weeks, Aloe Vera group consumed Aloe Vera for 6 weeks to the amount of 300 mg/kg of body weight via intraperiotoneal injection and the control group were kept in cages for 6 weeks. Sampling was performed 48 hours after the last training session. To determine the changes between the groups, one way ANOVA was used and if the changes were meaningful the Tukey's test was used.
The data analysis showed that six weeks consumption of Aloe Vera extract made a significant decrease in the level of cyclooxygenase-2 in mice with breast cancer. Also, a significant reduction in the amount of extract group (Cancer) compared to the controls (cancer) was observed. There was found a meaningful decrease on the matrixmetalloproteinase values in the endurance group and consumer groups of Aloe Vera extract in mice with breast cancer after 6 weeks of training. In addition, significant reduction in Matrix metalloproteinase levels in the training group (cancer) and extract group (Cancer) compared to the controls (cancer) was observed.
The results of the present study showed that the induction of the cancerous tissue into the mice caused increased levels of COX-2 and MMP-9 values. This increasing is the early symptoms of breast cancer. It also seems that endurance training and Alovera extract can reduce the levels of COX-2 and MMP-9.

Carbapenems are one of the latest drugs for treatment of threatening infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Resistance to these antibiotics is sometimes caused by carbapnmase class B, such as VIM metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) that is growing in the communities. The aim of this study was to detect the of metallo-beta-lactamase blaVIM-1 gene among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Mashhad.
In this cross-sectional study, 70 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from samples of inpatients at hospitals in Mashhad. Bacteria were identified by conventional biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was examined in accordance with the Kirby-Bauer method. Metallo-beta-lactamase- producing isolates were identified using a combination disc of imipenem and EDTA. Then, polymerase chain reaction was performed using specific primers to detect blaVIM-1 gene.
25 (35.7%) out of 70 isolated bacteria had metallo-beta- lactamase, which blaVIM-1 gene were detected in the genome of 8 isolates. 65.6% of resistant bacteria to imipenem produced metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL). A higher percentage of MBL- producing isolates were resistant to imipenem, meropenem, carbenicillin and cefotaxime (p The results of the study showed that antibiotic resistance among examined clinical isolates of Paeruginosa was high and VIM-type metallo-beta-lactamase was detected among them. Identification of bacteria with metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) is very important in the prevention and treatment of infections resistant to antibiotics.

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a 35 nm in diameter agent that depends on hepatitis B surface antigen in order to proliferate and accumulate. Infection with delta agent can occur spontaneously with hepatitis B virus infection and it cause acute hepatitis or develop as secondary infection in the patients with hepatitis B. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) has several genotypes based on genome sequence analysis, which shows a variety of clinical protests and geographical scope. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus genotype in patients with positive HBs Ag.
This cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed on 400 HbsAg-positive patients. Genotype identification was performed using polymerase chain reaction and RT-nested PCR and RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). Finally sample sequencing was considered to approve RFLP gained results.
Among 400 patients in this study, 67 participants (16.75 %) were containing anti-HDV antibody, and it was found HDV RNA in just 7 (1.75%) serum samples. By examining the sequences using analysis of these 7 positive HDV RNA samples by restriction enzyme and MEGA4 software showed that all of them have genotype I.
Sequence analysis of C-terminal region of Hepatitis D virus (HDV) and its comparison with other countries showed that it was the same genotype that present in countries such as Turkey, Egypt, Jordan and Pakistan. These finding indicated that there was the same origin of Hepatitis D virus (HDV) in Middle East.

Dyslipidemia and oxidative stress are commonly seen in the patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oral L-carnitine supplementation on lipid profiles and total antioxidant capacity of the patients were treated with hemodialysis.
This study was a randomized, controlled clinical trial. The participants of this study consisted of 50 hemodialysis patients in dialysis centers of Yazd between 2013 and 2014. The patients randomly divided into two groups; L-carnitine (LG) and control group (CG). The patients in the LG were instructed to use daily 1g L-carnitine oral supplementation, as syrup for 12 weeks. The patients in the CG did not receive any supplement containing L-carnitine. At the baseline and the end of 12 weeks, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), LDLc, and total antioxidant capacity of serum (TAC) were evaluated in both groups.
The mean of triglyceride and TC between and within groups were not significantly different. The mean of LDLc did not change in LG whereas a significant increase was seen in CG (p=0.02). The mean differences of LDLc between groups was statistically significant (p=0.05). No Significant changes were observed in serum levels of TAC in LG compared with CG (p=0.76). TAC was increased in both groups, but these changes were not statistically significant (p=0.62).
This study showed that oral supplementation of L-carnitine as syrup (1g per day) for 12 weeks among the hemodialysis patients would have no effect on triglyceride, TC, and TAC, but it would decrease the LDLc.