Journal of Inflammatory Diseases
Volume:22 Issue: 6, 2019

 Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), a novel endogenous gasotransmitter, plays an important role in neuromodulation and memory performance and also protects neurons against neurotoxin-induced neurodegeneration.  This study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaHS), on motor learning in a unilateral 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of Parkinson’s Disease.  Male Wistar rats were subjected to unilateral injection of 6-OHDA (15 μg) into the Medial Forebrain Bundle (MFB) and then treated with NaHS for 25 days. Animals were divided into control, sham, sham plus NaHS, Parkinson (6-OHDA), Parkinson plus vehicle (saline), and Parkinson plus NaHS (2.8 and 5.6 mg/kg, IP) groups, (N=8). One-way ANOVA followed by turkey’s test was applied for statistical analyses of the data.  The riding time in fixed and accelerating speed rotarod were significantly decreased in Parkinson rats (6-OHDA group) compared to controls in all training days (P<0.001). Treatment with NaHS (2.8 and 5.6 mg/kg/d) reversed these decreases in a dose-dependent manner, so no significant differences were found in these parameters between the control and Parkinson plus NaHS groups during the accelerating speed rotarod test.  In the Parkinson rats, NaHS administration enhanced and improved the endurance time in the rotarod test. These results demonstrate that NaHS treatment enhances rat motor balance and coordination and suggest treatment with NaHS attenuates motor impairments in the Parkinson rats.

 Omentin-1 is an adipokine, mainly produced by visceral adipose tissue that improves insulin resistance.   This study compared the serum levels of omentin-1 and insulin resistance markers in active-obese, inactive-obese and inactive normal-weight men.  In this cross-sectional study, 45 men (35.0±4.2 years, no symptoms of illness) were assigned to active-obese (n=16, Body Mass Index (BMI)=28-33.9 kg/m2 and 3-5 score in the Physical Activity level questionnaire (PA-R score), inactive-obese (n=18, BMI=28-33.9 kg/m2 and 1 in PA-R score) and inactive normal-weight (n=11, BMI=18.5-24.9 kg/m2 and 1 in PA-R score) groups. Blood samples were taken from all subjects in fasting state to measure the serum levels of omentin-1, insulin and glucose. Also, Homeostasis Model Assessment Index (HOMA-IR) for insulin resistance was assessed.  The results showed that the omentin-1 concentration was significantly lower in inactive normal-weight compared to the obese groups (P<0.05). In the active-obese group, the glucose, insulin concentrations and insulin resistance index were similar to the inactive normal-weight group; however, these values were significantly lower than the inactive-obese group (P˂0.05). No significant difference was found between normal-inactive and obese-inactive groups for glucose concentration (P=0.079).   Based on these findings, it can be said that physical activity is more effective than obesity. Thus, the obese men can improve the negative effects of obesity on insulin resistance markers by performing physical activity and is not required to reduce the size of obesity.

 Food insecurity can contribute to health and nutrition problems. Thus, determining its associated factors seems necessary in all societies.  The current this study determined the food insecurity, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and some socio-economic factors in type 2 diabetic patients in Minoodar and Shohada comprehensive health centers of Qazvin in 2016.  This case-control study was performed on 200 type 2 diabetic patients with an average age of 47.1±8.2 and 200 healthy individuals with an average age of 46.3±8.6.Food security was determined using the Household Food Security Questionnaire. Data from anthropometric, was collected, Biochemical factors were assessed using a blood test and Physical activity was measured using International Physical Activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Chi-square test to determine the relationship between independent qualitative variables and independent T-test to determine the relationship between quantitative variables for the comparison of mean for two independent groups of the Man-Vinet test and Kruskal-Wallis test for meaningful differences in general characteristics. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression was used to moderate the effects of misleading variables and software N4 for data analysis. The minimum significant difference was considered to be less than 0.05.  The Mean±SD age of the patients and healthy subjects were 47.1±8.2 and 46.3±8.6, respectively. There was a significant correlation between food insecurity and socio-economic variables affecting type 2 diabetes. Food insecurity in the case group was significantly associated with fasting blood glucose (P=0.02) and inflammation factor (CRP) and WBC (P<0.001).  Increased food insecurity was associated with enhanced inflammation and type 2 diabetes; therefore, health planners should pay attention to reducing food insecurity in the community, especially in people with type 2 diabetes. This could be achieved by improving the economic situation and modifying household food patterns.

 Hospitals can improve outcome of treatment in acute myocardial infarction patients by adopting various strategies to reduce reperfusion time in coronary arteries.   this study evaluated effect of implementation of "code 247" on performance of emergency department Staffs in patients with acute myocardial infarction during Office and non-office hours.  This quasi-experimental study was conducted at Booali Hospital in Qazvin in 2017-2018. 58 patients with mean age of 58.3±12.3 years were entered into the available sampling method and were assigned to control and test groups based on their referral period. In control group, patients were routinely managed. In the test group, a "code 247" with six-person, was first designed in emergency department. When a patient with chest pain transmitting, code members were called by the page system to get the patient to Cath lab, as soon as possible. The researcher directly observed and recorded the time taken from hospital door to Cath lab, including the taking ECG, diagnosis and transmission. Data were analyzed by chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests.  Average time from door to Cath lab was 87.4 minutes in control group and 63.7 minutes in test group. Comparison of time in two groups was statistically significant (P=0.04). There was also a significant difference between the "door to Cath lab" time in office hours between the two groups (P=0.02).  This study showed that the implementation of "Code 247" improves the function of emergency personnel in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

 Mindfulness-based intervention has been found efficacious in reducing primary headaches and negative cognitive-related pain. However, little is known about the potential moderators in this regard. One of the most important moderators affecting the headaches is Alexithymia.   The present study investigated the moderating role of Alexithymia on the effect of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on pain intensity in patients with primary headache.  A clinical trial was conducted in 2017 and 2018 at Imam Hossein Hospital of Tehran City, Iran. Using judgment sampling method, of 94 inpatients with chronic headache, 85 were selected and randomly assigned into the two groups of MBCT (43 patients) and control (42 patients). The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) were applied to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed by Independent Samples t-test and Chi-squared test; longitudinal data were analyzed using linear mixed model analysis.  Statistically significant time×group interactions were found for pain intensity (P<0.001), self-efficacy (P<0.001), and catastrophizing (P<0.001). The obtained results indicated a significant reduction in pain, pain catastrophizing and increased self-efficacy.   MBCT is a potentially efficacious approach for individuals with headache. Alexithymia may have clinically relevant factors for identifying the patients who may benefit most from MBCT as a pain intervention.

 Identification of children and adolescents mental health problems need to investigate of psychiatric disorders.   We aimed the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in central areas of Qazvin Province children and adolescent ages 6 to 18 years and their comorbidities.  This is a national project that will be implemented in central areas of Qazvin Province. This project will be focused on 1025 children and adolescents ages 6 to 18 years from central area of Qazvin province by cluster sampling method with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime version questionnaire (K-SADS-PL). The interview was conducted by 8 clinical psychologists   The prevalence of total psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents was 28.19% (95% CI=21.81-22.82) that was among boys 31.5% and among girls 25% and by comparing 95% of confidence interval of prevalence of psychiatric disorders in both genders. We saw a significant difference in total psychiatric disorder (P≤0.02) and results also showed that odds ratio (95% CI) for psychiatric disorders in the total population in terms of sex was 0.7 (for female). In addition, anxiety disorders had the most highlighted prevalence among all (13.2%) and; specific phobias disorders (4.7%) was the most common disorders .The results showed that the comorbidity of anxiety disorders and behavioral disorders is more than any others (22.2%). Free job mothers were valuable (P≤0.006).  This study showed the child and adolescents are significantly different in term of sex in central areas of Qazvin Province. Anxiety disorders are most common psychiatric disorders.

 Improving memory is an indicator of treatment in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).   The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Computerized Cognitive Rehabilitation Training (CCRT) , nutrition supplementation intervention, and both combined on the improvement of Working Memory (WM) in children with ADHD.   This was an experimental research with pre-test and post-test, follow-up and control group design. The statistical population included all of the elementary school girls of Tehran City, Iran. Using multilevel clustering, 66 children with ADHD were considered, of whom, 52 were selected for study participation and assigned into 4 experimental and control groups, each consisting of 13 individuals. SNAP-IV and clinical interviews were employed to diagnose ADHD. The Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices was conducted to measure the participants’ intelligence level. The study participants were matched in age, Intelligence Quotient (IQ), and the gravity of ADHD symptoms. In group one, 22 sessions of 45-minutes of CCRT were performed using Captain's Log software. The second group received zinc, vitamin B6, and omega-3 for 4 months. In the third group, the first phase of the administration of zinc, vitamin B6, and omega-3 supplements was performed; after 15 sessions, CCRT was performed and obtained by the N-back test. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance by SPSS.  The obtained results represented the increased mean score of the improvement of WM in the intervention groups, compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in WM score between the intervention groups.  CCRT and nutrition supplementation intervention improve WM in children with ADHD.

Honey, royal jelly, propolis, and bee pollen are potentially beneficial to humans due to their bioactive agents. Different molecules of these honeybee products have been extracted and pharmacologically characterized. Phenolic acid, Major Royal Jelly Proteins (MRJPs), and oligosaccharides are major bioactive substances of these products. Propolis, especially Brazilian type, contains caffeic acid phenethyl ester and artepillin C, with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic effects. Bee pollen has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties due to vitamins and plant phenols. Additionally, flavonoids, unsaturated fatty acids, and sterols contribute in antiatherosclerotic, antidiabetic, and hypoglycemic properties of bee pollen. In the royal jelly, there are MRJPs and hydroxy-decenoic acid derivatives, especially 10-Hydroxy-2-Decanoic Acid (10-HDA). This review study was conducted in 2016-2017 with the aim of investigating the therapeutic effects of honeybee products by searching the databases of PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, IranMedex and Google Scholar using the keywords “honey, propolis, royal jelly, bee pollen, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant". In this study, we observed that the anti-inflammatory activity, immunomodulation, nerve regulation, and the prevention of metabolic syndrome are attributed to these factors. Given the importance of discovering and access to herbal medicines, this review provided a comprehensive overview of the bioactive compounds detected in the honeybee products as well as the therapeutic effects and biological side effects of them.