Journal of Inflammatory Diseases
Volume:17 Issue: 5, 2013

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TRK B) is one of the oncogene agents. The aim of this study was to design and optimize inhibitory peptides for TRK B in U266 cell line. This study was conducted in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences during 2012. After generating the peptides library using sequence tolerance method and optimizing energy of peptides employing backrub protocol in Rosetta 3. 3 software package، the most stable peptides were selected based on the energy scores in R package. Prediction of the three-dimensional structure of the peptides was performed using the molecular dynamic simulation. Peptides-TRK B docking was evaluated by HADDOCK web server. The most stable peptides were designed and their cytotoxicity effects on U266 cells were investigated by the MTT assay. The designed peptides were stable in terms of energy and structure and had high affinity for binding to TRK B. For measuring cell survival during 24 hours treatment of U266 cell line with these peptides، t he half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 %) was obtained 350. 2 and 199. 5 nM for peptide one and two، respectively. With regards to the results، it seems that TRK B inhibition can block cancer growth in this cell line.

Several drug delivery systems were developed during the 1980s and 1990s to improve the efficiency of drugs and minimize toxic side effects. Nanoparticles have the ability to deliver a wide range of drugs to varying areas of the body for sustained periods of time. The aim of study was to preparation and optimization of chitosan nanoparticles carrier systems of Anti-Alzheimer tacrine drug and estimation of particle size by Chemometrics. This was an experimental study conducted at Chemistry school of Imam Khomeini International University (Qazvin، Iran) in 2011-2012. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by spontaneous emulsification method. In order to optimize the method of chitosan nanoparticles preparation، Design of Experiment (DOE) was employed using Box–Behnken response surface methodology. Also، chitosan nanoparticles containing tacrine were prepared using the optimal synthesis method provided by the experimental design. Forty two different chitosan nanoparticles samples with different particle size were analyzed by DRIFT spectrometry and the obtained data were processed by PLS. Nano-sized particles and their morphological state were determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). In accordance with Box–Behnken experimental design، optimum amount of NaCl as an electrolyte (0. 52 %)، Span 80 as a surfactant (10 %) and Glutaraldehyde Saturated Toluene)GST (as a chemical cross-linking agent (4. 86 mL) were used for the synthesis method. The designed nanoparticles have average particle size from 33. 64 to 74. 87 nm. Yield percentage and drug loading percentage of chitosan nanoparticles that were synthesized according to the optimum method were 90 % and 13. 4 ± 0. 51 %، respectively. The estimated sizes of chitosan nanoparticles give promise to a robust and reliable calibration that confirms correlation coefficient)R2 (and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0. 98 and 3. 59. Based on findings of the present study، Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles as delivery systems for the anti-Alzheimer drug tacrine with minimum particle size and spherical morphology was the goals of this study. Also، the findings suggest that the analysis of nano particle samples by DRIFT and data processing by PLS-NAS would provide a novel method for average nano particle size estimation. PLS-NAS model established is characterized by high linearity، precision and speed of analysis.

The present study was undertaken to determine the difference between florescence and non-florescence quenchers and their efficiency in Real-time PCR. PANC-1 cells were cultured in 75cm flasks، 3x106 cells were seeded in 6-well plates and treated with specific signaling drugs، their effect on the expression of delta6 desaturase gene were examined with Real-time PCR in equal conditions، once with florescence and another time with non-florescence quencher. different quenchers absorbances of the fluorescence emission from the reporter، cause different results in Real-time PCR. The amplification plot is more precisely when using non-florescence quencher and its base line is lower. Therefore the signal to noise ratio (S/N) decrease. Also non-florescence quencher with raising the melting temperature cause to decrease in non-specific matching and this led to lower CT ratio. Data showing increased performance of using non-florescence quencher compared to florescence quencher and it can be a better replace for common quencher specially in Allelic discrimination and SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) studies.

Recent studies have suggested a relation between vitamin D serum level and autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Also، vitamin D has an important role in regulating the immune system. The present study aimed at exploring the relation between serum level of vitamin D and severity of RA. The study group consisted of 153 RA patients not on vitamin D supplements who had referred to Qazvin Avicenna Hospital. Disease activity was assessed according to the disease activity score28 (DAS28). Serum levels of vitamin D and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) were determined for all the participants. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 105 RA patients (68. 6%). Patients were divided into three groups of low، moderate and high disease activity according to DAS28 score with 86 (56. 2%)، 33 (21. 5%) and 34 (22. 2%) patients respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between serum level of vitamin D and disease severity according to DAS28. Similarly، a negative correlation was shown to exist between the patients'' pain intensity according to VAS score، and their ESR serum level (P<0. 05). Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent among patients with RA. Furthermore، there was a negative correlation between vitamin D and the disease severity.

Epilepsy as the most important chronic neurological disease affects suffering child and his/her family. It causes some stresses in the family, especially in mothers. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Coping-Therapy (CT) of mothers on severity of generalized epileptic attacks of their children. This interventional study was conducted in Qom during 2009. Thirty four mothers of children with epilepsy referred to neurology clinics in Qom were selected by convenience sampling method and were divided into intervention and control groups. Coping-Therapy protocol was performed for mothers of intervention group in 8 sessions and a self-made questionnaire was used to measure the severity of the attacks. Data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance. The group by time interaction which represents the mean differences between the two groups was significant. The mean attack duration was decreased from 30.76 seconds to 12.94 second in intervention group and the difference was statistically significant. With regards to the results, it seems that Coping-Therapy in mothers has considerable effects as a treatment modality in decreasing the severity of epileptic attacks in children.

Scoring systems have been developed to predict outcomes in the critical patients and to facilitate the decision making and resource allocation for management of such patients.

The aim of this study was to compare Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) in predicting hospital mortality of intensive care unit patients.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 88 patients admitted to the intensive care unit because of trauma or surgery in Shahid Rajaee hospital، Qazvin 2008. During the first 24 hours of admission، the results of clinical examination and biochemical assays and demographic information were collected to complete each of the scoring systems. Observed mortality and predicted mortality were recorded and compared. Detection value of scoring systems was assessed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and Chi-Square test.

M ean age of patients was 44. 25 ± 23. 09 years (2 to 86 years). Observed mortality in ICU was 32. 5% and predicted mortalities were 23. 63±24. 2% and 19. 88±15. 1% according to SAPS II and APACHE II، respectively. There was positive significant correlation between SAPS II and APACHE II scoring systems and between these two scoring systems and observed mortality. There was also positive significant correlation between SAPS II and APACHE II values and GCS score. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) of APACHE II was greater than SAPS II for predicting observed mortality (0. 823 vs. 0. 790).

With regards to the results، both APACHE II and SAPS II scoring systems can be used to predict mortality of intensive care unit patients، but not to help in definite decision-making.

Complexity of clinical situation، non-oriented patients and abundant medical devices make the ICUs one of the most prevalent wards for patient harms and incidents.

The purpose of this study was to assess patient safety management system in ICU for hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive study was carried out in 9 hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences which had Intensive Care Unit in 2011. Structural survey of patient safety assessment was used to identify status quo of hospitals. The sample size was 54 employees، top and middle managers، patients and their relatives who were interviewed. The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method was used for specific identification of ICU in terms of patients safety by group discussion in clinical teams and the VOLERE logics was used to design patient safety management system based on identifying functional and nonfunctional requirements.

Mean scores of 6 main components of the questionnaire (safety culture، safety leadership، patient and family partnership on safety، reporting safety errors and incidents، safety education and technology/environment) were lower than expected. Some failures identified by FMEA were: admission and discharge error، medication error، patient fall and high rate of infection. With regards to the Risk Priority Number (RPN)، the highest score was related to nosocomial infection and the and lowest score was related to re-extubation because of inability to open the patient airway. Familiarity and responsibility of the clinical teams، managers and hospital staff about patient safety were low and organizational and managerial problems were the root causes of many failures and errors in the ICUs.

With regards to the results، designing a patient safety management system is strongly needed and the proposed system of this study can be applied in other intensive care units.

Stress of conscience experienced when the nurses dissatisfied by their caring. Nurses dissatisfying may be due to duties that imposed by themselves، and others (patients، managers and institute) or when nurses didn’t have enough time for patients and must do something against their consciences. Thus، the current study was carried out to evaluate the nurses’ experience of the factors affecting actions against nursing conscience.

The study was a qualitative approach، performed with phenomenological method. The participants were selected among individuals with the background of nursing، who were interested to participate. After signing informed consents، in scheduled times the participants attended unstructured interviews in the places they were willing. The interviews were recorded and then transcribed. Data analysis was performed according to Colaizzi’s method. The accuracy of the data was verified by checking its creditability، confirmability، reliability، and transferability.

On the whole، nine nurses working in educational hospitals of Kermanshah-Iran، included three men and six women، attended in-depth interviews. Of the participants، eight had B. Sc. degree and one had M. Sc. By continuous analysis of the data as well as analysis of the handwritings related to the interviews on the experience and viewpoints of nurses about actions against their conscience، The four themes emerged، that included systemic factors (management and equipment)، factors related to situations (exhaustion، work overload and time pressure)، individual factors (individuals traits and didn’t have enough experience) and human factors (inappropriate ratio of nurses to patients). Discussion and

The nurses’ experience of factors affecting nursing conscience in the present study was consistent with that of other studies. However، the emphasis of the participants on aspects of conscience was different from other studies. It is suggested that besides providing some mechanisms to reinforce nursing conscience and removing the factors that may impair its stability، some more specialized studies be carried out in specialized wards or specialized hospitals.

The aim of this study was to compare the frequency and intensity of burnout among nurses with high humor scores (n=30) and those with low humor scores (n=30) in Qazvin City، 2011. Subjects were selected by cluster random sampling and targeted sampling methods. The measurement tools included two questionnaires: the Sense of Humor Questionnaire (SHQ) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and analytical statistics using ANOVA. F requency and intensity of burnout was lower in nurses with high humor scores compared to nurses with low humor scores.

Different factors affect behavior of individuals faced with diseases. The aim of this cross sectional study was to analyze health seeking behavior and patterns of health system services utilization among rural population of Fars province. 198 rural households were selected by systematic random sampling method in 2011. Data were collected by standardized questionnaire and by interviewing the most knowledgeable person in the household. Data were analyzed by Fisher exact test and Chi-Square test. There were significant associations between marital status، having insurance coverage and insurance type with the likelihood of seeking care and utilized services level. With regards to inappropriate use of the referral system and the benefits of rural insurance system، rural insurance system reform، increasing community awareness and training of physicians and pharmacists is recommended to improve the patterns of health services utilization.